Northern collared lemming

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Northern collared lemming
Collared lemming standing in grass - DPLA - 31b8863a7a5bd9e5bd2f73fc0565d883.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Rodentia
Family: Cricetidae
Subfamily: Arvicolinae
Genus: Dicrostonyx
Species:
D. groenlandicus
Binomial name
Dicrostonyx groenlandicus
(Traill, 1823)
Northern Collared Lemming Dicrostonyx groenlandicus distribution map.png
Northern collared lemming range (not including the Wrangel lemming) [1]
Synonyms

kilangmiutakAnderson & Rand, 1945
rubricatus(Richardson, 1889)vinogradovi Ognev, 1948

Contents

Collared lemming lying on ground Collared lemming lying on ground - DPLA - 90c5c1484de4928de9bfc91ef2a07dd8.jpg
Collared lemming lying on ground

The northern collared lemming or Nearctic collared lemming (Dicrostonyx groenlandicus), sometimes called the Peary Land collared lemming in Canada, is a small lemming found in Arctic North America and Wrangel Island. At one time, it was considered to be a subspecies of the Arctic lemming (Dicrostonyx torquatus). Some sources believe several other species of collared lemmings found in North America are actually subspecies of D. groenlandicus. [2]

Description

It has a short chunky body covered with thick grey fur with a thin black stripe along its back and light grey underparts.[ citation needed ] It has small ears, short legs and a very short tail.[ citation needed ] It has a pale brown collar across its chest.[ citation needed ] In winter, its fur turns white, and it has large digging claws on its front feet.[ citation needed ] It is 14 cm (5.5 in) long with a 1.5 cm (0.59 in) tail and weighs about 40 g (1 oz).[ citation needed ]

Distribution and habitat

It is found in the tundra of northern Canada, Alaska and Greenland. A disjunct population is also present on Wrangel Island in Siberia; this population was formerly considered its own species, the Wrangel lemming (D. vinogradovi). [3] [4] [5]

Diet

It feeds on grasses, sedges and other green vegetation in summer, and twigs of willow, aspen and birches in winter.[ citation needed ]

Predators

Predators include snowy owls, gulls, wolverines, the Arctic fox and the polar bear.[ citation needed ]

Breeding

Female lemmings have two or three litters of four to eight young in a year. The young are born in a nest in a burrow or concealed in vegetation.[ citation needed ]

Behaviour

It is active year-round, day and night.[ citation needed ] It makes runways through the surface vegetation and also digs burrows above the permafrost.[ citation needed ] It burrows under the snow in winter.[ citation needed ] Lemming populations go through a three- or four-year cycle of boom and bust.[ citation needed ] When their population peaks, lemmings disperse from overcrowded areas.[ citation needed ]

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References

  1. 1 2 Cassola, F. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Dicrostonyx groenlandicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T42618A115195764. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T42618A22331908.en .
  2. Musser, G.G.; Carleton, M.D. (2005). "Superfamily Muroidea". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 971–972. ISBN   978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC   62265494.
  3. Gerrie, R. & Kennerley, R. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Dicrostonyx vinogradovi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T6569A115082805. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T6569A22331837.en . Retrieved 2021-09-05.
  4. "Dicrostonyx groenlandicus (Traill, 1823)". ASM Mammal Diversity Database. American Society of Mammalogists . Retrieved 2021-09-05.
  5. "The Mammals of Russia: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference". ResearchGate. Retrieved 2021-09-05.