Notothenia coriiceps

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Notothenia coriiceps
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Biodiversity Heritage Library
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Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Nototheniidae
Genus: Notothenia
Species:
N. coriiceps
Binomial name
Notothenia coriiceps
Synonyms [1]
  • Indonotothenia cyanobrancha(Richardson, 1844)
  • Notothenia purpuricepsRichardson, 1844

Notothenia coriiceps, also known as the black rockcod, Antarctic yellowbelly rockcod, or Antarctic bullhead notothen, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, belonging to the family Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes. It is widely spread around the Antarctic continent. [2] Like other Antarctic notothenioid fishes, N. coriiceps evolved in the stable, ice-cold environment of the Southern Ocean. [3] It is not currently targeted by commercial fisheries. [4]

Contents

Taxonomy

Notothenia coriiceps was first formally described in 1844 by the Scottish naval surgeon, naturalist and Arctic explorer John Richardson with the type locality given as the coasts of the Kerguelen Islands and the Auckland Islands. [5] Richardson named a new genus, Notothenia , in his description and this species was designated as its type species by Theodore Nicholas Gill in 1862. [6] The specific name is a compound of corium meaning "skin" or "leather" and ceps which means "head", a reference to the scaleless head with its rough, conical sensory papillae. [7]

Distribution and diet

N. coriiceps maintains a circum-Antarctic distribution that is likely governed at least in part by the presence of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) as well as its egg dispersal patterns. [2] Populations of this species have been recorded at sites in the western Ross Sea, the Weddell Sea, the Western Antarctic Peninsula, the islands of the Scotia Arc to South Georgia, the Balleny Islands, and the sub-Antarctic islands of the Indian Ocean sector. [8] N. coriiceps feeds on macroalgae [9] amphipods [9] and euphausiids. [10] It appears to feed year-round, although diet composition likely varies seasonally. [9]

Morphology

N. coriiceps members have scales that typically appear brown or gray in color. Its teeth consist of a multi-row tooth plate and caniform teeth, which are located in the outer portion of the jaw. [11] Adults males typically reach a length of approximately 50 cm (20 in). [12]

Like many other notothenioid fishes, it lacks a swim bladder. [2] Bone density increases during maturation, resulting in reduced buoyancy and the transition from pelagic to demersal swimming behavior. [13] Adults N. coriiceps possess a dense, well-developed skeleton compared to its congener Notothenia rossii, accounting for its reduced buoyancy. [14]

Its epithelium is characterized by the presence of fat droplets, which serve as a storage mechanism for dietary lipids. [15] Fat droplets are also stored in bone tissue. [13]

Physiology

Like most other Antarctic notothenioids, N. coriiceps exhibits several adaptations that optimize organismal performance at subzero temperatures. [3] These include a modified heat shock response, [3] the production of antifreeze glycoproteins that prevent ice crystallization of body fluids at subzero temperatures, [16] and the abundance of polyunsaturated fatty acids that allow cells to maintain membrane fluidity. [17] N. coriiceps has a limited tolerance for acute temperature change but has demonstrated the capacity to extend its thermal limits upon long-term acclimation to warmer temperatures. [18] [19]

Genome

The N. coriiceps genome was sequenced in 2014. [3] Results indicated rapid evolution of genes during speciation, especially in proteins that code for mitochondrial proteins and hemoglobin. In addition, the authors found that many N. coriiceps genes are reflective of adaptation to cold temperatures, with specialized genes related to the species' modified heat shock response as well as enhanced oxidative phosphorylation at cold temperatures.

Related Research Articles

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<i>Notothenia microlepidota</i> Species of fish

Notothenia microlepidota, the black cod or small-scaled cod, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, belonging to the family Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes. It is native to the Pacific waters around New Zealand and Macquarie Island. This species can reach a total length of 70 cm (28 in). It is a commercially important species.

<i>Notothenia angustata</i> Species of fish

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nototheniidae</span> Family of fishes

Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes, is a family of ray-finned fishes, part of the suborder Notothenioidei which is traditionally placed within the order Perciformes. They are largely found in the Southern Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Channichthyidae</span> Family of fishes

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Notothenioidei</span> Suborder of fishes

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marbled rockcod</span> Species of fish

The marbled rockcod is a species of marine ray-finned fish, belonging to the family Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes. It is native to the Southern Ocean, where it can be found at depths from 5 to 350 m. This is a commercially important species.

The bald notothen, also known as the bald rockcod, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes. It is native to the Southern Ocean.

<i>Notothenia</i> Genus of fishes

Notothenia is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes with the species in this genus often having the common name of rockcod. They are native to the Southern Ocean and other waters around Antarctica.

<i>Paranotothenia magellanica</i> Species of fish

Paranotothenia magellanica, also known as Magellanic rockcod, Maori cod, blue notothenia or orange throat notothen, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, belonging to the family Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes. It is native to the Southern Ocean. "Maori chief" and "black cod", sometimes used for this species, usually refer to fishes from the related genus Notothenia. Being a perciform fish, it is unrelated to the true cods of the order Gadiformes. This species is commercially important as a food fish.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Emerald rockcod</span> Species of fish

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<i>Trematomus</i> Genus of fishes

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grey rockcod</span> Species of fish

The grey rockcod, also known as the grey notothen, stripe-eyes notothen or stripe-eyed rockcod, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes. It is native to the Southern Ocean. The grey rockcod feeds mainly on macrozooplankton and is of minor importance to commercial fisheries. It is the only species in the genus Lepidonotothen.

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<i>Gobionotothen gibberifrons</i> Species of fish

Gobionotothen gibberifrons, the humped rockcod or the humphead notothen, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes. It is native to the islands of the Scotia Arc, the northern part of the Antarctic Peninsula, and Heard Island in the Southern Ocean. This species inhabits depths of 6-429 m, but is most abundant at depths of 100-400 m, at least around Elephant Island.

Gobionotothen acuta, the triangular rockcod or the triangular notothen, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes. It is native to the French Southern and Antarctic Lands, the Heard Islands and the Kerguelen Plateau in the Southern Ocean.

<i>Notothenia cyanobrancha</i> Species of fish

Notothenia cyanobrancha, the blue rockcod, bluegillnotothen, or bluegill rockcod, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, belonging to the family Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes. It is native to the Kerguelen and Heard Islands in the Southern Ocean.

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<i>Patagonotothen ramsayi</i> Species of ray-finned fish

Patagonotothen ramsayi, the longtail southern cod, rock cod, marujo or Notothenia, is a benthopelagic species of marine ray-finned fish of the family Nototheniidae, the notothens or the cod icefishes, native to the Patagonian Shelf in the southwest Atlantic, where it is the most abundant notothen species found, dominating among medium-sized demersal fishes in the area, and is a commercially important species.

References

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  3. 1 2 3 4 Shin, SC; et al. (2014). "The genome sequence of the Antarctic bullhead notothen reveals evolutionary adaptations to a cold environment". Genome Biology. 15 (9): 468. doi: 10.1186/s13059-014-0468-1 . PMC   4192396 . PMID   25252967.
  4. Barrera-Oro, E.R.; Marschoff, E. (2007). "Information on the status of fjord Notothenia rossii, Gobionotothen gibberifrons and Notothenia coriiceps in the lower South Shetland Islands, derived from the 2000-2006 monitoring program at Potter Cove". CCAMLR Science Journal of the Scientific Committee and the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resource. 14: 83–87.
  5. Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Notothenia". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 24 September 2021.
  6. Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Nototheniidae". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 24 September 2021.
  7. Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (12 April 2021). "Order Perciformes: Suborder Notothenoididei: Families Bovichtidae, Pseaudaphritidae, Elegopinidae, Nototheniidae, Harpagiferidae, Artedidraconidae, Bathydraconidae, Channichthyidae and Percophidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 23 September 2021.
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  10. Coggan, Roger (1997). "Seasonal and annual growth rates in the Antarctic fish Notothenia coriiceps Richardson". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 213 (2): 215–229. Bibcode:1997JEMBE.213..215C. doi:10.1016/S0022-0981(96)02731-1.
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  15. Hernandez-Blazquez, FJ; et al. (2006). "Fat absorptive processes in the intestine of the Antarctic fish Notothenia coriiceps (Richardson, 1844)". Polar Biology. 29 (10): 831–836. Bibcode:2006PoBio..29..831H. doi:10.1007/s00300-006-0121-x. S2CID   42008914.
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  19. Joyce, William; Axelsson, Michael; Egginton, Stuart; Farrell, Anthony P; Crockett, Elizabeth L; O’Brien, Kristin M; Fangue, Dr. Nann (2018). "The effects of thermal acclimation on cardio-respiratory performance in an Antarctic fish (Notothenia coriiceps)". Conservation Physiology. 6 (1): coy069. doi:10.1093/conphys/coy069. PMC   6291619 . PMID   30568798.