Olive skin

Last updated

Two women with olive skin from Orihuela, Spain. Olive skinned women in Orihuela, Spain.jpg
Two women with olive skin from Orihuela, Spain.
Bulgarian actress Nina Dobrev with olive skin. Nina Dobrev cropped 2010.jpg
Bulgarian actress Nina Dobrev with olive skin.

Olive skin is a human skin tone. It is often associated with pigmentation in the Type III, [1] [2] Type IV, and Type V ranges of the Fitzpatrick scale. [3] [4] It generally refers to moderate or lighter tan or brownish skin, and it is often described as having tan, brown, cream, greenish, yellowish, or golden undertones. [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13]

Contents

People with olive skin can sometimes become paler if their sun exposure is limited. However, lighter olive skin still tans more easily than light skin does, and generally still retains notable yellow or greenish undertones. [14] [15] [16]

Olive skin covers III, IV, and V on the Fitzpatrick scale Influence of pigmentation on skin cancer risk.png
Olive skin covers III, IV, and V on the Fitzpatrick scale

Geographic distribution

Rodrigo Hernandez, a professional footballer from Spain. UEFA EURO qualifiers Sweden vs Spain 20191015 123 (cropped).jpg
Rodrigo Hernández, a professional footballer from Spain.

Type III pigmentation is frequent among populations from the Mediterranean region, Southern Europe, North Africa, the Near East and West Asia, parts of the Americas, East Asia and Central Asia. [17] [1] [18] [19] It ranges from cream or dark cream to darker olive [2] or light brown skin tones. [20] This skin type sometimes burns and tans gradually, but always tans. [20] [2]

Type IV pigmentation is frequent among some populations from the Mediterranean, including Southern Europe, North Africa and West Asia, South Asia, Austronesia, Latin America, and parts of East Asia. [21] [17] [3] [22] It ranges from brownish or darker olive [4] to moderate brown, typical Mediterranean skin tones. [23] This skin type rarely burns and tans easily. [20]

Type V pigmentation is found among some populations in Southwest Asia, [20] and including a few regions of North Africa. [24] It is frequent among select indigenous populations of Latin America, [3] parts of Sub-Saharan Africa, [25] and South Asia. [26] It ranges from olive [4] to brown skin tones. [20] This skin type very rarely burns and tans quite easily. [20]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Human skin color</span>

Human skin color ranges from the darkest brown to the lightest hues. Differences in skin color among individuals is caused by variation in pigmentation, which is the result of genetics, exposure to the sun, disorders, or some combination thereof. Differences across populations evolved through natural selection or sexual selection, because of social norms and differences in environment, as well as regulations of the biochemical effects of ultraviolet radiation penetrating the skin.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brown</span> Color

Brown is a color. It can be considered a composite color, but it is mainly a darker shade of orange. In the CMYK color model used in printing and painting, brown is usually made by combining the colors orange and black.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Melanin</span> Group of natural pigments found in most organisms

Melanin is a family of biomolecules organized as oligomers or polymers, which among other functions provide the pigments of many organisms. Melanin pigments are produced in a specialized group of cells known as melanocytes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Freckle</span> Melanin spots on skin

Freckles are clusters of concentrated melaninized cells which are most easily visible on people with a fair complexion. Freckles do not have an increased number of the melanin-producing cells, or melanocytes, but instead have melanocytes that overproduce melanin granules (melanosomes) changing the coloration of the outer skin cells (keratinocytes). As such, freckles are different from lentigines and moles, which are caused by accumulation of melanocytes in a small area. Freckles can appear on all types of skin tones. Of the six Fitzpatrick skin types, they are most common on skin tones 1 and 2, which usually belong to North Europeans. However, it can also be found on people all over the world. In England a historical term for freckles is summer-voys, sometimes spelt summervoise, which may be related to the German term Sommersprossen.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Human hair color</span> Pigmentation of human hair follicles

Human hair color is the pigmentation of human hair follicles and shafts due to two types of melanin: eumelanin and pheomelanin. Generally, the more melanin present, the darker the hair. Its tone depends on the ratio of black or brown eumelanin to yellow or red pheomelanin. Melanin levels can vary over time, causing a person's hair color to change, and one person can have hair follicles of more than one color. Some hair colors are associated with some ethnic groups because of the observed higher frequency of particular hair colors within their geographical region, e.g. straight, dark hair amongst East Asians, Southeast Asians, Polynesians, some Central Asians, and Native Americans; a large variety of dark, fair, curly, straight, wavy or bushy amongst Europeans, West Asians, some Central Asians, and North Africans; and curly, dark, and uniquely helical hair amongst Sub Saharan Africans. Bright red hair is found in some European populations, and hair turns gray, white, or "silver" with age.

Discrimination based on skin tone, also known as colorism or shadeism, is a form of prejudice and discrimination in which people of certain ethnic groups, or people who are perceived as belonging to a different-skinned racial group, are treated differently based on their different skin tone.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Facial</span> Procedure involving a variety of skin treatments on the human face

A facial is a family of skin care treatments for the face, including steam, exfoliation, extraction, creams, lotions, facial masks, peels, and massage. They are normally performed in beauty salons, but are also a common spa treatment. They are used for general skin health as well as for specific skin conditions. Types of facials include European facial, LED light therapy facials, hydrafacials and mini-facials.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sun tanning</span> Darkening of skin in response to ultraviolet light

Sun tanning or tanning is the process whereby skin color is darkened or tanned. It is most often a result of exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight or from artificial sources, such as a tanning lamp found in indoor tanning beds. People who deliberately tan their skin by exposure to the sun engage in a passive recreational activity of sun bathing. Some people use chemical products that can produce a tanning effect without exposure to ultraviolet radiation, known as sunless tanning.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eye color</span> Polygenic phenotypic characteristic

Eye color is a polygenic phenotypic trait determined by two factors: the pigmentation of the eye's iris and the frequency-dependence of the scattering of light by the turbid medium in the stroma of the iris.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nevus</span> Mole or birthmark; visible, circumscribed, chronic skin lesion

Nevus is a nonspecific medical term for a visible, circumscribed, chronic lesion of the skin or mucosa. The term originates from nævus, which is Latin for "birthmark"; however, a nevus can be either congenital or acquired. Common terms, including mole, birthmark, and beauty mark, are used to describe nevi, but these terms do not distinguish specific types of nevi from one another.

The Mediterranean race is an obsolete racial classification of humans based on the now-disproven theory of biological race. According to writers of the late 19th to mid-20th centuries it was a sub-race of the Caucasian race. According to various definitions, it was said to be prevalent in the Mediterranean Basin and areas near the Mediterranean and Black Sea, especially in Southern Europe, Eastern Europe, North Africa, most of West Asia, the Middle East or Near East; western Central Asia, parts of South Asia, and parts of the Horn of Africa. To a lesser extent, certain populations of people in Ireland, western parts of Great Britain, and Southern Germany, despite living far from the Mediterranean, were thought to have some minority Mediterranean elements in their population, such as Bavaria, Wales, and Cornwall.

Identifying human races in terms of skin colour, at least as one among several physiological characteristics, has been common since antiquity. Such divisions appeared in early modern scholarship, usually dividing humankind into four or five categories, with colour-based labels: red, yellow, black, white, and sometimes brown. It was long recognized that the number of categories is arbitrary and subjective, and different ethnic groups were placed in different categories at different points in time. François Bernier (1684) doubted the validity of using skin color as a racial characteristic, and Charles Darwin (1871) emphasized the gradual differences between categories. Today there is broad agreement among scientists that typological conceptions of race have no scientific basis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Liver spot</span> Age-related skin blemish

Liver spots are blemishes on the skin associated with aging and exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun. They range in color from light brown to red or black and are located in areas most often exposed to the sun, particularly the hands, face, shoulders, arms and forehead, and the scalp if bald.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Skin whitening</span> Practice of using chemical substances to lighten the skin

Skin whitening, also known as skin lightening and skin bleaching, is the practice of using chemical substances in an attempt to lighten the skin or provide an even skin color by reducing the melanin concentration in the skin. Several chemicals have been shown to be effective in skin whitening, while some have proven to be toxic or have questionable safety profiles. This includes mercury compounds which may cause neurological problems and kidney problems.

Black hair is the darkest and most common of all human hair colors globally, due to large populations with this trait. This hair type contains a much more dense quantity of eumelanin pigmentation in comparison to other hair colors, such as brown, blonde and red. In English, various types of black hair are sometimes described as soft-black, raven black, or jet-black. The range of skin colors associated with black hair is vast, ranging from the palest of light skin tones to dark skin. Black-haired humans can have dark or light eyes, but more commonly dark.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fitzpatrick scale</span> Classification of skin color and response to UV light

The Fitzpatrick scale is a numerical classification schema for human skin color. It was developed in 1975 by American dermatologist Thomas B. Fitzpatrick as a way to estimate the response of different types of skin to ultraviolet (UV) light. It was initially developed on the basis of skin color to measure the correct dose of UVA for PUVA therapy, and when the initial testing based only on hair and eye color resulted in too high UVA doses for some, it was altered to be based on the patient's reports of how their skin responds to the sun; it was also extended to a wider range of skin types. The Fitzpatrick scale remains a recognized tool for dermatological research into human skin pigmentation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Light skin</span> Human skin color

Light skin is a human skin color that has a low level of eumelanin pigmentation as an adaptation to environments of low UV radiation. Due to migrations of people in recent centuries, light-skinned populations today are found all over the world. Light skin is most commonly found amongst the native populations of Europe, East Asia, West Asia, Central Asia, Siberia, and North Africa as measured through skin reflectance. People with light skin pigmentation are often referred to as "white" although these usages can be ambiguous in some countries where they are used to refer specifically to certain ethnic groups or populations.

Whitewashing in beauty is a phenomenon in the intersection of the fashion industry, digital photography, mass media, marketing and advertising. It describes a situation in which the skin tone of non-white people is digitally retouched or physically modified to appear whiter. Whitewashing can also present itself in the alteration of hair texture to resemble Eurocentric beauty ideals of straight hair. Whitewashing can be seen in the form of skin whitening, either digitally or with harmful skin bleaching products, or by chemically relaxing textured hair to make it conform to Eurocentric beauty standards. Additionally, plastic surgery can be used to alter features to make them appear more European, such as double eyelid surgery.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dark skin</span> Human skin color

Dark skin is a type of human skin color that is rich in melanin pigments. People with dark skin are often referred to as black people, although this usage can be ambiguous in some countries where it is also used to specifically refer to different ethnic groups or populations.

The feminine beauty ideal is a specific set of beauty standards regarding traits that are ingrained in women throughout their lives and from a young age to increase their perceived physical attractiveness. It is experienced by many women in the world, though the traits change over time and vary in country and culture.

References

  1. 1 2 Watson, Ronald Ross (2013). Handbook of Vitamin D in Human Health: Prevention, Treatment and Toxicity. Human Health Handbooks. Vol. 4. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers. doi:10.3920/978-90-8686-765-3. ISBN   9789086862108. ISSN   2212-375X. S2CID   29719411.
  2. 1 2 3 Costello, Declan; Winter, Stuart (2013). Viva Training in ENT: Preparation for the FRCS (ORL-HNS). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 16. ISBN   9780191668944 . Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  3. 1 2 3 Pfenninger, John L. (2001). Dermatologic and Cosmetic Procedures in Office Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN   9781437705805.
  4. 1 2 3 Mayeaux, E. J. (2015). The Essential Guide to Primary Care Procedures. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN   9781496318718.
  5. ↑ McCoy, Susan (September 1988). "Your True Colors". Ski. 53 (1): 266. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  6. ↑ Johnson Gross, Kim (1997). Woman's Face: Skin Care and Makeup. Knopf. ISBN   9780679445784.
  7. ↑ Richmond, JoAnne (8 August 2008). Reinvent Yourself with Color Me Beautiful: Four Seasons of Color, Makeup, and Style. Taylor Trade Publications. p. 160. ISBN   9781589794085 . Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  8. ↑ "Redbook". Redbook Publishing Company. 161: 87. 1983.
  9. ↑ Sesdelli, Maryellen; Fremont, Shelly D. (1 April 1993). Beauty Basics. Berkley Publishing Group. p. 66. ISBN   9780425138021.
  10. ↑ Watson, Rosie (2007). Make-Up. New Holland Publishers. p. 62. ISBN   9781845377205.
  11. ↑ In Style: Getting Gorgeous: The Step-By-Step Guide to Your Best Hair, Makeup and Skin. Time Incorporated. 11 October 2005. ISBN   9781932994650.
  12. ↑ Conway, Paula; Regan, Maureen (2006). The Beauty Buyble: The Best Beauty Products of 2007 . Regan Books. ISBN   9780061172212. olive skin green tones.
  13. ↑ Burns, Paul Callans; Singer, Joe (1979). The Portrait Painter's Problem Book . Watson-Guptill Publications. ISBN   9780823041862. olive skin greenish.
  14. ↑ Mercola, Joseph (2008). Dark Deception: Discover the Truths About the Benefits of Sunlight Exposure. Thomas Nelson Inc. ISBN   9781418567767 . Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  15. ↑ Trew, Sally (2013). Idiot's Guides: Making Natural Beauty Products. Penguin. ISBN   9781615645572 . Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  16. ↑ Kidd, Jemma (2013). Jemma Kidd Make-Up Masterclass. Aurum Press. ISBN   9781909342279 . Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  17. 1 2 "Olive Skin Countries 2023". World Population Review. 2023.
  18. ↑ Kontoes, Paraskevas (2017). State of the art in Blepharoplasty: From Surgery to the Avoidance of Complications. Springer. p. 26. ISBN   9783319526423 . Retrieved 11 January 2018.
  19. ↑ Novick, Nelson Lee (1991). Super Skin: A Leading Dermatologist's Guide to the Latest Breakthrough's in Skin Care. Crown Publishing. p. 20. ISBN   9780517585337 . Retrieved 11 January 2018.
  20. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "The Fitzpatrick Skin Type Classification Scale". Skin Inc. (November 2007). Retrieved 7 January 2014.; under Tables - Fitzpatrick Skin Type Classification Scale
  21. ↑ Gates, Clifford E. (1922). "The Polynesians: Caucasians of the Pacific". The Scientific Monthly. 15 (3): 257–262.
  22. ↑ Small, Rebecca (2012). Practical Guide to Chemical Peels, Microdermabrasion & Topical Products. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 21. ISBN   9781451154528 . Retrieved 11 January 2018.
  23. ↑ Lall, Namrita (2017). Medicinal Plants for Holistic Health and Well-Being. Academic Press. p. 137. ISBN   978-0128124765 . Retrieved 26 April 2018.
  24. ↑ Standard Esthetics: Advanced. Nelson. 2012. ISBN   978-1285401492 . Retrieved 16 January 2017.
  25. ↑ Relethford, JH (2000). "Human skin color diversity is highest in sub-Saharan African populations". Human Biology; an International Record of Research. 72 (5): 773–80. PMID   11126724.
  26. ↑ Lucas, Robyn; Tony McMichael; Wayne Smith; Bruce Armstrong (2006). Annette Prüss-Üstün; Hajo Zeeb; Colin Mathers; Michael Repacholi (eds.). Solar Ultraviolet Radiation—Global burden of disease from solar UV radiation (PDF) (Report). Environmental Burden of Disease Series no. 13. Geneva: World Health Organization, Public Health and the Environment. p. 13. ISBN   9789241594400. ISSN   1728-1652 . Retrieved 7 August 2014.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.