The following list shows different orders of magnitude of force.
Since weight under gravity is a force, several of these examples refer to the weight of various objects. Unless otherwise stated, these are weights under average Earth gravity at sea level.
| Factor (N) | Value | Item |
|---|---|---|
| 10−47 | 3.6×10−17 qN | Gravitational attraction of the proton and the electron in hydrogen atom [1] |
| 10−30 quectonewton (qN) | 8.9 qN | Weight of an electron [1] |
| 10−26 rontonewton (rN) | 16 rN | Weight of a hydrogen atom [1] |
| 10−24 yoctonewton (yN) | 5 yN | Force necessary to synchronize the motion of a single trapped ion with an external signal measured in a 2010 experiment [2] [3] |
| 10−22 | 170 yN | Force measured in a 2010 experiment by perturbing 60 beryllium-9 ions [4] [5] |
| 10−15 femtonewton (fN) | ||
| 10−14 | ~10 fN | Brownian motion force on an E. coli bacterium averaged over 1 second [6] |
| ~10 fN | Weight of an E. coli bacterium [7] [8] | |
| 10−13 | ~100 fN | Force to stretch double-stranded DNA to 50% relative extension [6] |
| 10−12 piconewton (pN) | ~4 pN | Force to break a hydrogen bond [6] |
| ~5 pN | Maximum force of a molecular motor [6] | |
| 10−11 | ||
| 10−10 | ~160 pN | Force to break a typical noncovalent bond [6] |
| 10−9 nanonewton (nN) | ~1.6 nN | Force to break a typical covalent bond [6] |
| 10−8 | 8.2×10−8 N | Force on an electron in a hydrogen atom [1] |
| 10−7 | 2×10−7 N | Force between two 1 meter long conductors, 1 meter apart by an outdated definition of one ampere |
| 10−6 micronewton (μN) | 1–150 μN | Output of FEEP ion thrusters used in NASA's Laser Interferometer Space Antenna [9] |
| 10−4 | ||
| 10−3 millinewton (mN) | ||
| 10−2 | 19-92 mN | Thrust of the NSTAR ion engine tested on NASA's space probe Deep Space 1 [10] |
| 10−1 | ||
| Magnitude | Value | Item |
|---|---|---|
| 1 N | 1.4 N | The weight of a smartphone [11] [12] |
| 2.5 N | Typical thrust of a Dual-Stage 4-Grid ion thruster. | |
| 10 N | 9.8 N | One kilogram-force, nominal weight of a 1 kg (2.2 lb) object at sea level on Earth [13] |
| 50 N | Average force to break the shell of a chicken egg from a young hen [14] | |
| 102 N | 720 N | Average force of human bite, measured at molars [15] |
| 5 kN | The force applied by the engine of a small car during peak acceleration[ citation needed ] | |
| 103 N kilonewton (kN) | 8 kN | The maximum force achieved by weight lifters during a 'clean and jerk' lift [16] (During the clean part) |
| 9 kN | The bite force of one adult American alligator [17] | |
| 104 N | 16.5 kN | The bite force of a 5.2 m (17 ft) saltwater crocodile [18] |
| 18 kN | The estimated bite force of a 6.1 m (20 ft) adult great white shark [19] | |
| 25 kN | Approximate force applied by the motors of a Tesla Model S during maximal acceleration [20] | |
| 25.5 to 34.5 kN | The estimated bite force of a large 6.7 m (22 ft) adult saltwater crocodile [21] | |
| 105 N | 100 kN | The average force applied by seatbelt and airbag to a restrained passenger in a car which hits a stationary barrier at 100 km/h [22] |
| 569 kN | Maximum thrust of a large turbofan engine (General Electric GE90) | |
| 890 kN | Maximum pulling force (tractive effort) of a single large diesel-electric locomotive [1] | |
| 106 N meganewton (MN) | 1.8 MN | Thrust of Space Shuttle Main Engine at lift-off [23] [24] [25] |
| 1.9 MN | Weight of the largest Blue Whale [1] | |
| 107 N | 35 MN | Thrust of Saturn V rocket at lift-off [26] |
| 108 N | 570 MN | Simplistic estimate of force of sunlight on Earth [27] |
| 109 N giganewton (GN) | ||
| 1020 N | 200 EN | Gravitational attraction between Earth and Moon [28] |
| 1022 N | 35 ZN | Gravitational attraction between Earth and Sun [29] |
| 1029 N | ≈450 RN | Gravitational attraction between our Galaxy and Andromeda Galaxy [30] |
detection of forces as small as 174 yN
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)thrust from 19 mN to 92 mN
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)The "winners"—saltwater crocodiles—slammed their jaws shut with 3,700 pounds per square inch (psi), or 16,460 newtons, of bite force.
a bite force of 9,320 Newton at the tip of its jaws and 18,216 N at the back of its jaws
scientifically documented 6.7-meter long Crocodylus porosus individuals were likely capable of molariform bite forces of approximately 27,531 N to 34,424 N (6,187 to 7,736 lbs).
109% power level at sea level: 418,000 lb
Launches normally used 104% ... as a maximum
The rocket generated 34.5 million newtons ... of thrust at launch
An ion thruster, ion drive, or ion engine is a form of electric propulsion used for spacecraft propulsion. It creates thrust by accelerating ions using electricity.
Crocodiles or true crocodiles are large semiaquatic reptiles that live throughout the tropics in Africa, Asia, the Americas and Australia. The term crocodile is sometimes used even more loosely to include all extant members of the order Crocodilia, which includes the alligators and caimans, the gharial and false gharial among other extinct taxa.
Specific impulse is a measure of how efficiently a reaction mass engine creates thrust. For engines whose reaction mass is only the fuel they carry, specific impulse is exactly proportional to the effective exhaust gas velocity.
The newton is the unit of force in the International System of Units (SI). It is defined as 1 kg⋅m/s2, the force which gives a mass of 1 kilogram an acceleration of 1 metre per second per second. It is named after Isaac Newton in recognition of his work on classical mechanics, specifically Newton's second law of motion.
The pound of force or pound-force is a unit of force used in some systems of measurement, including English Engineering units and the foot–pound–second system.
To help compare different orders of magnitude, the following lists describe various mass levels between 10−59 kg and 1052 kg. The least massive thing listed here is a graviton, and the most massive thing is the observable universe. Typically, an object having greater mass will also have greater weight (see mass versus weight), especially if the objects are subject to the same gravitational field strength.
The Bell X-1 is a rocket engine–powered aircraft, designated originally as the XS-1, and was a joint National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics–U.S. Army Air Forces–U.S. Air Force supersonic research project built by Bell Aircraft. Conceived during 1944 and designed and built in 1945, it achieved a speed of nearly 1,000 miles per hour in 1948. A derivative of this same design, the Bell X-1A, having greater fuel capacity and hence longer rocket burning time, exceeded 1,600 miles per hour in 1954. The X-1 aircraft #46-062, nicknamed Glamorous Glennis and flown by Chuck Yeager, was the first piloted airplane to exceed the speed of sound in level flight and was the first of the X-planes, a series of American experimental rocket planes designed for testing new technologies.
An alligator, or colloquially gator, is a large reptile in the Crocodilia order in the genus Alligator of the family Alligatoridae. The two extant species are the American alligator and the Chinese alligator. Additionally, several extinct species of alligator are known from fossil remains. Alligators first appeared during the Oligocene epoch about 37 million years ago.
The American alligator, sometimes referred to colloquially as a gator or common alligator, is a large crocodilian reptile native to the Southeastern United States. It is one of the two extant species in the genus Alligator, and is larger than the only other living alligator species, the Chinese alligator.
Thrust-to-weight ratio is a dimensionless ratio of thrust to weight of a rocket, jet engine, propeller engine, or a vehicle propelled by such an engine that is an indicator of the performance of the engine or vehicle.
The metre per second squared is the unit of acceleration in the International System of Units (SI). As a derived unit, it is composed from the SI base units of length, the metre, and time, the second. Its symbol is written in several forms as m/s2, m·s−2 or ms−2, , or less commonly, as m/s/s.
This list compares various energies in joules (J), organized by order of magnitude.
The false gharial, also known by the names Malayan gharial,Sunda gharial and tomistoma is a freshwater crocodilian of the family Gavialidae native to Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra and Java. It is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, as the global population is estimated at around 2,500 to 10,000 mature individuals.
The Siamese crocodile is a medium-sized freshwater crocodile native to Indonesia, Brunei, East Malaysia, Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam. The species is critically endangered and already extirpated from many regions. Its other common names include Siamese freshwater crocodile, Singapore small-grain, and soft-belly.
This is a tabulated listing of the orders of magnitude in relation to pressure expressed in pascals.
The West African slender-snouted crocodile, or slender-snouted crocodile, is a critically endangered species of African crocodile. It is one of five species of crocodile in Africa, the other four being the Central African slender-snouted, Nile, West African and dwarf crocodiles.
A gravity tractor is a theoretical spacecraft that would deflect another object in space, typically a potentially hazardous asteroid that might impact Earth, without physically contacting it, using only its gravitational field to transmit the required impulse. The gravitational force of a nearby space vehicle, though small, is able to alter the path of a much larger asteroid if the vehicle spends enough time close to it; all that is required is that the vehicle thrust in a consistent direction relative to the asteroid's path, and that neither the vehicle nor its expelled reaction mass come in direct contact with the asteroid. The tractor spacecraft could either hover near the object being deflected, or orbit it, directing its exhaust perpendicular to the plane of the orbit.
The Cuban crocodile is a small-medium species of crocodile endemic to Cuba. Typical length is 2.1–2.3 m (6.9–7.5 ft) and typical weight 70–80 kg (150–180 lb). Large males can reach as much as 3.5 m (11 ft) in length and weigh more than 215 kg (474 lb). Despite its smaller size, it is a highly aggressive animal, and potentially dangerous to humans.
The NASA Solar Technology Application Readiness (NSTAR) is a type of spacecraft ion thruster called electrostatic ion thruster. It is a highly efficient low-thrust spacecraft propulsion running on electrical power generated by solar arrays. It uses high-voltage electrodes to accelerate ions with electrostatic forces.
CubeSail is a low-cost spacecraft propulsion demonstration mission using two identical 1.5U CubeSat satellites to deploy a 260 m (850 ft) long, 20 m2 (220 sq ft) solar sail ribbon between them. This mission is a first in a series of increasingly complex demonstrations leading up to a full-scale UltraSail heliogyro by the University of Illinois and CU Aerospace.
