Orders of magnitude (molar concentration)

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This page lists examples of the orders of magnitude of molar concentration. Source values are parenthesized where unit conversions were performed.

Contents

M denotes the non-SI unit molar:

1 M = 1 mol/L = 10−3 mol/m3.

All orders

List of orders of magnitude for molar concentration
Factor (Molarity) SI prefix ValueItem
10−24yM1.66 yM1 elementary entity per litre [1]
8.5 yM airborne bacteria in the upper troposphere (5100/m3) [2]
10−23
10−22
10−21zM3.6 zM solar neutrinos on Earth (6.5×1010 /cm2⋅s) [3]
10−2012 zM radon in ambient, outdoor air in the United States (0.4 pCi/L ≈ 7000/L) [4]
10−19120 zMindoor radon at the EPA's "action level" (4 pCi/L ≈ 70000/L) [5]
686 zM cosmic microwave background photons in outer space (413/cm3) [6]
10−18aM
10−17
10−16
10−15fM2 fM bacteria in surface seawater (1×109/L) [7]
10−1420 fM virions in surface layer North Atlantic seawater (10×109/L) [8]
50–100 fM gold in seawater [9]
10−13
10−12pM7.51–9.80 pMnormal range for erythrocytes in blood in an adult male ((4.52–5.90)×1012/L) [10] [11]
10−1110–100 pM gold in undersea hydrothermal fluids [9]
10−10170 pMupper bound for healthy insulin when fasting [12]
10−9nM5 nMinhaled osmium tetroxide is immediately dangerous to life or health (1 mg Os/m3) [13]
10−8
10−7101 nM hydronium and hydroxide ions in pure water at 25 °C (pKW = 13.99) [14]
10−6μM
10−5
10−4180–480 μMnormal range for uric acid in blood [10]
570 μMinhaled carbon monoxide induces unconsciousness in 2–3 breaths and death in < 3 min (12800 ppm) [15]
10−3mM0.32–32 mMnormal range of hydronium ions in stomach acid (pH 1.5–3.5) [16]
5.5 mMupper bound for healthy blood glucose when fasting [17]
7.8 mMupper bound for healthy blood glucose 2 hours after eating [17]
10−2cM20 mM neutrinos during a supernova, 1  AU from the core (1058 over 10 s) [18]
44.6 mMpure ideal gas at 0 °C and 101.325 kPa [19]
10−1dM140 mM sodium ions in blood plasma [10]
480 mM sodium ions in seawater [20]
100M1 M standard state concentration for defining thermodynamic activity [21]
101daM17.5 Mpure (glacial) acetic acid (1.05 g/cm3) [22]
40 Mpure solid hydrogen (86  g/L ) [23]
55.5 Mpure water at 3.984 °C, temperature of its maximum density (1.0000 g/cm3) [24]
102hM118.8 Mpure osmium at 20 °C (22.587 g/cm3) [25]
140.5 Mpure copper at 25 °C (8.93 g/cm3)
103kM
10424 kM helium in the solar core (150 g/cm3 ⋅ 65%) [26]
105
106MM
107
108122.2 MM nuclei in a white dwarf from a 3  M☉ progenitor star (106.349 g/cm3) [27]
109GM
1010
1011
1012TM
1013
1014
1015PM
1016
1017228 PM nucleons in atomic nuclei (2.3×1017 kg/m3 = 1.37×1044/m3) [28]
1018EM
...
10773.9×1077 Mthe Planck concentration (2.4×10104/m3), inverse of the Planck volume

SI multiples

SI multiples of molar (M)
SubmultiplesMultiples
ValueSI symbolNameValueSI symbolName
10−1 MdMdecimolar101 MdaMdecamolar
10−2 McMcentimolar102 MhMhectomolar
10−3 MmMmillimolar103 MkMkilomolar
10−6 MμMmicromolar106 MMMmegamolar
10−9 MnMnanomolar109 MGMgigamolar
10−12 MpMpicomolar1012 MTMteramolar
10−15 MfMfemtomolar1015 MPMpetamolar
10−18 MaMattomolar1018 MEMexamolar
10−21 MzMzeptomolar1021 MZMzettamolar
10−24 MyMyoctomolar1024 MYMyottamolar
10−27 MrMrontomolar1027 MRMronnamolar
10−30 MqMquectomolar1030 MQMquettamolar

11.04 g/l is the concentration of sodium ions in water in other words. That’s 1.09% sodium ion! 

The concentration of hydronium ions in pire water is 1.9 micrograms per liter. That’s 1.9 parts per billion of hydronium.

The normal range for hemoglobin molecules is 254.36 grams per liter or 20.27% hemoglobin. The concentration of pure water is 1 kilogram per liter or 50% water. Glacial acetic acid is 1.05 kilograms per liter or 51.2% acetic acid.

See also

Related Research Articles

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References

  1. ↑ 1/L ÷ NA ≈ 1.66 yM
  2. ↑ DeLeon-Rodriguez, Natasha; Lathem, Terry L.; Rodriguez-R, Luis M.; Barazesh, James M.; Anderson, Bruce E.; Beyersdorf, Andreas J.; Ziemba, Luke D.; Bergin, Michael; Nenes, Athanasios; Konstantinidis, Konstantinos T. (12 February 2013). "Microbiome of the upper troposphere: Species composition and prevalence, effects of tropical storms, and atmospheric implications". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 110 (7): 2575–2580. Bibcode:2013PNAS..110.2575D. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1212089110 . ISSN   0027-8424. PMC   3574924 . PMID   23359712.
  3. ↑ Bahcall, John N.; Serenelli, Aldo M.; Basu, Sarbani (1 March 2005). "New Solar Opacities, Abundances, Helioseismology, and Neutrino Fluxes". The Astrophysical Journal. 621 (1): L85–L88. arXiv: astro-ph/0412440 . Bibcode:2005ApJ...621L..85B. doi:10.1086/428929. S2CID   1374022.
  4. ↑ "Radon Toxicity Case Study: What are the Standards and Regulations for Environmental Radon Levels? | ATSDR - Environmental Medicine & Environmental Health Education - CSEM". www.atsdr.cdc.gov. CDC. Retrieved 26 November 2018.
  5. ↑ Basic Radon Facts (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. July 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2018.
  6. ↑ Smoot, George F. (13 May 1997). "The Cosmic Microwave Background Spectrum". arXiv: astro-ph/9705101 . Bibcode:1997astro.ph..5101S.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  7. ↑ Gamfeldt, Lars; Lefcheck, Jonathan S.; Byrnes, Jarrett E. K.; Cardinale, Bradley J.; Duffy, J. Emmett; Griffin, John N. (March 2015). "Marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: what's known and what's next?". Oikos. 124 (3): 252–265. doi:10.1111/oik.01549.
  8. ↑ Bergh, Øivind; Børsheim, Knut Yngve; Bratbak, Gunnar; Heldal, Mikal (August 1989). "High abundance of viruses found in aquatic environments". Nature. 340 (6233): 467–468. Bibcode:1989Natur.340..467B. doi:10.1038/340467a0. ISSN   0028-0836. PMID   2755508. S2CID   4271861.
  9. 1 2 Kenison Falkner, K.; Edmond, J. M. (1 May 1990). "Gold in seawater". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 98 (2): 208–221. Bibcode:1990E&PSL..98..208K. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(90)90060-B. ISSN   0012-821X.
  10. 1 2 3 Reference ranges for blood tests
  11. ↑ "Erythrocyte Count (RBC): Reference Range, Interpretation, Collection and Panels". Medscape. 7 January 2017. Retrieved 26 November 2018.
  12. ↑ "Insulin: Reference Range, Interpretation, Collection and Panels". Medscape. WebMD. 22 April 2018. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
  13. ↑ "CDC - Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH): Osmium tetroxide (as Os) - NIOSH Publications and Products". www.cdc.gov. CDC. 2 November 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2018.
  14. ↑ Bandura, Andrei V.; Lvov, Serguei N. (2006). "The Ionization Constant of Water over Wide Ranges of Temperature and Density" (PDF). Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data. 35 (1): 15–30. Bibcode:2006JPCRD..35...15B. doi:10.1063/1.1928231.
  15. ↑ Goldstein, Mark (December 2008). "Carbon Monoxide Poisoning". Journal of Emergency Nursing. 34 (6): 538–542. doi:10.1016/j.jen.2007.11.014. PMID   19022078.
  16. ↑ Marieb EN, Hoehn K (2010). Human anatomy & physiology. San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings. ISBN   978-0-8053-9591-4.
  17. 1 2 "Type 2 diabetes - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic". www.mayoclinic.org.
  18. ↑ "nature physics portal - looking back - Neutrinos and neutrino mass from a supernova". www.nature.com. Nature Publishing Group 2006. Retrieved 26 November 2018.
  19. ↑ Vm = 8.3145 × 273.15 / 101.325 = 22.414  dm 3/mol
  20. ↑ 0.469 mol/kg at an average density of 1.025 kg/L
  21. ↑ The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). "IUPAC - standard concentration (S05909)". goldbook.iupac.org. Retrieved 2022-11-13.
  22. ↑ PubChem. "Acetic Acid". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2022-11-13.
  23. ↑ Dewar, James (1899). "Sur la solidification de l'hydrogène". Annales de Chimie et de Physique. 18: 145–150.
  24. ↑ Franks, Felix, ed. (1974). The Physics and Physical Chemistry of Water (2 ed.). New York: Plenum Press. p. 376. ISBN   9781468483345.
  25. ↑ Arblaster, J. W. (1995). "Osmium, the Densest Metal Known". Platinum Metals Review. 39 (4): 164. Archived from the original on 2011-09-27. Retrieved 2018-11-30.
  26. ↑ "Helio- and Asteroseismology". solar-center.stanford.edu. Stanford SOLAR Center. Retrieved 26 November 2018.
  27. ↑ Fields, C. E.; Farmer, R.; Petermann, I.; Iliadis, C.; Timmes, F. X. (20 May 2016). "Properties of Carbon-Oxygen White Dwarfs From Monte Carlo Stellar Models". The Astrophysical Journal. 823 (1): 46. arXiv: 1603.06666 . Bibcode:2016ApJ...823...46F. doi: 10.3847/0004-637X/823/1/46 . S2CID   118706003.
  28. ↑ "The Atomic Nucleus". www.cyberphysics.co.uk. Retrieved 26 November 2018.
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