Pakistan National Shipping Corporation (company)

Last updated
Pakistan National Shipping Corporation
Shipping industry
Industry Shipping and Vessel Industry
Genre Megacorporation
PredecessorNational Shipping Corporation (NSC)
Muhammadi Steamship Company Limited
East & West Steamship Company
Founded1971
Headquarters
Karachi
,
Pakistan
Key people
 Rizwan Ahmed [1]
(Chairman, CEO )
Products Cargo Ships, Tankers, Container ships, and Bulk carriers
Rs. 2.47 Billion [2]
(Profit after tax as of June 2017)
Owner Government Share 77.13%
PNSC Employees Empowerment Trust (12%)
Financial institutions (3.80%)
Individuals (7.07%)
Parent Pakistan National Shipping Corporation Ordinance of 1979
PNSC Building on the right PRC Towers and PNSC Building Karachi.jpg
PNSC Building on the right

The Pakistan National Shipping Corporation, abbreviated PNSC, is the national flag carrier and a state-owned megacorporation under the administrative control of the Secretary to the Government of Pakistan for Maritime Affairs. The Corporation's head office is located in Karachi. A regional office based in Lahore caters for upcountry shipping requirements. The Corporation also has an extensive overseas network of agents looking after its worldwide shipping business. The Pakistan Merchant Navy is the fleet of state-owned merchant vessels flying the flag of Pakistan National Shipping Corporation and the Civil Ensign of Pakistan.

Maritime Secretary of Pakistan

The Maritime Secretary of Pakistan, also referred to as Ports and Shipping Secretary, is the Federal Secretary for the Ministry of Maritime Affairs. The position holder is a BPS-22 grade officer, usually belonging to the Pakistan Administrative Service. The Maritime Secretary heads the Ministry which is the central administrative authority on Pakistan’s ports and shipping industry, making it a coveted slot in the Government of Pakistan. Key organisations such as the Pakistan National Shipping Corporation (PNSC), Karachi Port Trust (KPT), Port Qasim Authority (PQA) and Gwadar Port Authority (GPA) come under the purview of Maritime Secretary. The current Maritime Secretary is Rizwan Ahmed.

Karachi Megacity in Sindh, Pakistan

Karachi (Urdu: کراچی‎; ALA-LC: Karācī, IPA: [kəˈraːtʃi]; is the capital of the Pakistani province of Sindh. It is the most populous city in Pakistan, and fifth-most-populous city proper in the world. Ranked as a beta-global city, the city is Pakistan's premier industrial and financial centre. It is the cultural, economic, philanthropic, educational, and political hub of the country, and Pakistan's most cosmopolitan city. Situated on the Arabian Sea, Karachi serves as a transport hub, and is home to Pakistan's two largest seaports, the Port of Karachi and Port Bin Qasim, as well as Pakistan's busiest airport, Jinnah International Airport.

Lahore Metropolitan area in Punjab, Pakistan

Lahore is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab. Lahore is the country's second-most populous city and is one of Pakistan's wealthiest cities, with an estimated GDP of $58.14 billion (PPP) as of 2015. Lahore is the largest city, and historic cultural centre of the Punjab region, and one of Pakistan's most socially liberal, progressive, and cosmopolitan cities.

Contents

The Chairman of PNSC is appointed by the federal government, and is usually a three star naval officer (or of equivalent rank from other services). The PNSC Chairman as of July 2018 is Rizwan Ahmed. Former PNSC chairmen include Admiral Yastur-ul-Haq Malik, Admiral Saeed Mohammad Khan and Admiral Mansurul Haq. [3] [4]

Government of Pakistan National government

The Government of Pakistan is a federal government established by the Constitution of Pakistan as a constituted governing authority of the four provinces of a parliamentary democratic republic, constitutionally called the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.

Rizwan Ahmed (bureaucrat) Pakistani civil servant

Rizwan Ahmed is a Pakistani civil servant who serves in BPS-22 grade as the Maritime Secretary of Pakistan, in office since April 2019. Rizwan did his two-year Master in Public Administration from Harvard University and has remained a Teaching Fellow at the Harvard Kennedy School for Financial Management. He first rose to prominence in 2017 when a record amount of up to PKR 8 billion was saved and recovered during his tenure as Chairman of the Trading Corporation of Pakistan.

Admiral Yastur-ul-Haq Malik, NI(M), SBt, is a retired four-star rank admiral who served as the Chief of Naval Staff (CNS) of Pakistan Navy from 10 November 1988 until retiring from his military service on 8 November 1991. Admiral belonged to a family of Top Generals and bureaucrats. Notable members of the family include his brothers Vice Admiral Ikram ul Haq Malik (R), Brigadier Manzoor Ul Haq Malik (R), and General Zahoor Ul Haq Malik (late).

History

The Pakistan Merchant Navy was formed after independence in 1947, when Pakistan inherited a fleet of four privately owned cargo ships. The Ministry of Maritime Affairs, Mercantile Marine Department and Government Shipping Office established by the Government of Pakistan were authorized to flag the ships and also ensured that the vessels was sea worthy.

Ministry of Maritime Affairs (Pakistan)

The Ministry of Maritime Affairs which was formerly known as the Ministry of Ports and Shipping is a Federal Ministry of the Government of Pakistan. The current Minister for Maritime Affairs is Ali Haider Zaidi and the current Federal Secretary for Maritime Affairs is Rizwan Ahmed.

Government Shipping Office

The Government Shipping Office is an agency in the Government of Pakistan that registers and manages sailors in the Pakistan Merchant Navy. The Government Shipping Office was first established in 1923 under the Merchant Shipping Act. It was a subordinate office of the then-Ministry of Communications, now reorganised as the Ministry of Ports and Shipping, under the administrative control of Ports and Shipping Wing, Karachi.

In 1963, the National Shipping Ordinance was promulgated and National Shipping Corporation (NSC) was established which procured its first used ship, M.V. Rupsa in 1965. The national fleet comprised some 53 vessels which were owned by 10 private shipping companies. The national fleet grew to 71 vessels before the separation of East Pakistan and its emergence as Bangladesh in 1971, when the number declined to 57 vessels after the separation.

On 1 January 1974, President of Pakistan Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto nationalized National Shipping Corporation (NSC) and Pakistan Shipping Corporation (PSC) and other private shipping companies. Nine private shipping companies with a total of 26 ships were nationalized. The national fleet strength increased to 51 vessels including 26 ships under the management of nine nationalized companies and 25 ships with the state-owned NSC. In 1977, 14 ships were inducted in the Pakistan Shipping Corporation (PSC) during the Fifth Five-Year Plan. Two years later, NSC and PSC were merged to form the Pakistan National Shipping Corporation (PNSC) which still remains the sole state-owned shipping corporation.

Later other nationalized companies were also merged into a single company as the Pakistan National Shipping Corporation, incorporated under the provisions of the Pakistan National Shipping Corporation Ordinance of 1979 and the Companies Ordinance of 1984, respectively. The total fleet strength increased to 60 ships with the induction of 14 vessels in the late 1970s and early 1980s. PNSC enjoyed a complete monopoly till the early 1990s when the shipping sector was deregulated by the Nawaz Sharif government.

Nawaz Sharif Pakistani businessman and politician

Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif is a Pakistani businessman and politician who served as the prime minister of Pakistan for three non-consecutive terms. Sharif is the longest-serving prime minister of Pakistan.

Pakistan National Shipping Corporation subsidiary companies

Former company titles

Muhammadi Steamship Company Limited was incorporated on 12 May 1947. [5] In 1949, it became the first Pakistani shipping line to be publicly listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange. [6]

Incorporation (business) forming of a new corporation

Incorporation is the formation of a new corporation. The corporation may be a business, a nonprofit organization, sports club, or a government of a new city or town.

The Karachi Stock Exchange was a stock exchange located in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Since 1947, it has been located at the Stock Exchange Building on I. I. Chundrigar Road. It has now been consolidated in the Pakistan Stock Exchange, along with the Lahore Stock Exchange and Islamabad Stock Exchange. The KSE was Pakistan's largest and oldest stock exchange. According to Bloomberg, the Pakistani benchmark stock market index is the third-best performer in the world since 2009. In June 2015, Khaleej Times reported that since 2009, Pakistani equities delivered 26% a year for US dollar investors, making Karachi the top-performing stock exchange in the world.

Muhammadi House on McLeod Road (now I. I. Chundrigar Road) was the headquarters of the company. [7]

The company was nationalized by the Government of Pakistan under then President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. It was later merged with other Pakistani nationalized shipping companies to create the Pakistan National Shipping Corporation.

East & West Steamship Company was one of the oldest locally owned shipping line in Pakistan until it was nationalised in 1974. Its ship, SS Fatima was the first ship ever registered at the newly established Port of Registry at Karachi in August 1948. [8] It was owned by the Cowasjee family. The company was restructured as the 'East and West Steamship Co. Ltd.' in 1961

The National Shipping Corporation (NSC) was established under the National Shipping Corporation Ordinance, 1963, with a view to provide efficient shipping services. The Corporation was managed by a Board of nine directors, out of which five including the Chairman, the Managing Director and the Financial Director were appointed by the Central Government and remaining four were elected by the share holders from each Province. The authorized capital of the Corporation was Rs. 250 million and the subscribed capital was to be Rs. 50 million. The share of Central Government in the capital was 25% and the balance of 75% was raised from the public in East and West Pakistan on the basis of parity.

In 1974 the Federal Government decided to take over the management and control of entire shipping in Pakistan, including NSC through promulgation of the Pakistan Maritime Shipping (Regulation and control) Ordinance, 1974 which later on became an Act. In September, 1976 the Federal Government established the Pakistan Shipping Corporation (PSC) under the Pakistan Shipping Corporation Act, 1976, to take charge of ten shipping companies and operate as a parallel corporation with the National Shipping Corporation (NSC).

Fleet

Muhammadi Steamship Company Limited

ShipBuiltTonnageBuilderIn ServiceFateNotes
Al Murtaza Ali19427235 GRT West Coast Shipbuilders, Vancouver as 'Fort Norman'1948 - 1954Sold in 1954 to United Oriental Steamship Company, Karachi and renamed ANWARBAKSH
Husaini later Al Husaini19437157 GRT North Vancouver Ship Repairers Ltd., North Vancouver as 'Fort Clatsop'1948 - 1968Broken up at Karachi in November 1968Renamed in 1949
Ahmadi later Al Ahmadi19205186 GRT Todd Dry Dock & Construction Company, Tacoma as 'Pallas'1948 - 1954Broken up at Karachi in 1954Renamed in 1949
Al Hasan19437165 GRT North Vancouver Ship Repairers Ltd., North Vancouver as 'Fort St. Antoine'1949 - 1964Broken up at Karachi in February 1964
Colima later Al Chisti19171306 GRT Sodra Varfvets Nya A/B, Stockholm as 'Svealand'1949 - 1954Broken up at Karachi in 1954Renamed in 1950
Al-Sayyada19447165 GRT Victoria Machinery Depot Company, Victoria B.C. as 'Hastings Park'1952 - 1967Broken up at Karachi in November 1967First ship to dry dock at Karachi Shipyard. [6] [9]
Al Ahmadi19405361 GRT Lithgows Ltd., Port Glasgow as 'Risaldar'1958 - 1966Broken up at Karachi in June 1966
Al-Abbas 19676087 GRT Karachi Shipyard1967 - 1971Sunk on 16 August 1971 in Operation Jackpot by the Mukti Bahini commandoes at Chittagong First merchant ship built at Karachi Shipyard. [6] [9]

East & West Shipping Company

ShipBuiltIn service for CompanyTypeTonnageReferenceFateNotes
SS Fatima 19421948 - 1956 Steel; cargo ship 671 GRT [10] Scrapped in March 1962Built as H.M.I.S. 'Shillong' (naval trawler) by Burn & Co. Ltd., Calcutta, converted in 1948
SS Figura19431948 - post 1959 Steel; cargo ship 482 GRT Built as H.M.I.S. 'Cuttack' (naval trawler) by Burn & Co. Ltd., Calcutta, converted in 1949
SS Firishta19421948 - post 1959 Steel; cargo ship 467 GRT Built as H.M.I.S. 'Poona' (naval trawler) by Hooghly Dkg. & Engineering Co. Ltd., Calcutta, converted in 1948
SS Fritha19421948 - post 1959 Steel; cargo ship 467 GRT Built as H.M.I.S. 'Agra' (naval trawler) by Hooghly Dkg. & Engineering Co. Ltd., Calcutta, converted in 1948
SS Forma19411948 - post 1959 Steel; tug 471 GRT Built as H.M.I.S. 'Travancore' (naval trawler) by Garden Reach Workshop Ltd., Calcutta, converted in 1952
SS Fravarta19421948 - post 1959 Steel; tug 445 GRT Built as H.M.I.S. 'Karachi' (naval trawler) by Alcock, Ashdwon & Co. Ltd., Bombay, converted in 1949
SS Firoza19131947 - 1966 Steel; cargo ship 4279 GRT Broken up at Karachi in October 1966Built as 'Falls City' by Ropner & Co. Ltd., Stockton-on-Tees
SS Firdausa19231949 - 1963 Steel; cargo ship 7938 GRT Broken up at Karachi in April 1963Built as 'London Importer' by Furness S.B. Company, Haverton Hill
SS Futura19191951 - 1960 Steel; cargo ship 6869 GRT Broken up at Karachi in October 1960Built as 'Crosskeys' by Skinner & Eddy, Seattle
SS Fausta19221951 - 1963 Steel; cargo ship 5055 GRT Broken up at Karachi in October 1963Built as 'Schwarzald' by Deutsche Werft, Tollerort
SS Fatakarda later Minocher Cowasjee19201950 - 1957 Steel; cargo ship 6,640 GRT [11] [12] Foundered in 1957 Reported 24/01/1957 in distress in position 24°18′00″N66°00′00″E / 24.30000°N 66.00000°E / 24.30000; 66.00000 , on passage Dairen for Cape Town and AntwerpBuilt as 'Parisiana' by Irvine's Shipbuilding & Drydocks & Co., West Hartlepool. Renamed from 'Fatakarda' to 'Minocher Cowasjee' in 1955.
SS Fakirjee Cowasjee19251952 - 1967 Steel; cargo ship 5328 GRT Broken up at Karachi in June 1967Built as 'Manchester Commerce' by Furness S.B. Company, Haverton Hill
SS Feronia19401958 - 1970 Steel; cargo ship 5095 GRT Broken up at Karachi in September 1970Built as 'Orient City' by Furness S.B. Company, Haverton Hill
MV Rustom19531961 - 1974Steel; passenger & cargo liner 9547 GRT Broken up at Gadani Beach in November 1980Built as 'Santa Teresa' by Howaldtswerke, Hamburg
MV Ohrmazd19681968 - 1974Steel; passenger & cargo liner 11,046 GRT [13] Broken up at Gadani Beach, arrived 6 July 1994Built by Burntisland Shipbuilding Company, Fife, Scotland

Pakistan National Shipping Corporation

ShipBuiltIn service for the companyTypeTonnageReferenceFateNotes
MT Shalamar20062015–PresentAframax Oil Tanker55894 GRT [14] Currently in useBuilt by Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Japan
MV Islamabad 19831983–2013Multi-Purpose General Cargo12395 GRT [15] Scrapped in 2013Built at Karachi Shipyard, Pakistan.
MT Quetta20032008–PresentAframax Oil Tanker58118 GRT [16] [17] Currently in useBuilt by Imabari Shipbuilding Co. Ltd, Japan.
MT Lahore20032010–PresentAframax Oil Tanker58157 GRT [18] [19] Currently in useBuilt by Imabari Shipbuilding Co. Ltd, Japan
MT Karachi20032010–PresentAframax Oil Tanker58127 GRT [20] Currently in useBuilt by Imabari Shipbuilding Co. Ltd, Japan
MV Kaghan19862006–PresentBulk Carrier36098 GRT [21] [22] Currently in useBuilt by Namura Ship Building Co., Japan
MV Chitral20032010–PresentHandymax Bulk Carrier26395 GRT [23] [24] Currently in useBuilt by Oshima Shipbuilding Co. Ltd, Japan
MV Malakand20042010–PresentPanamax Bulk Carrier40040 GRT [25] [26] Currently in useBuilt by Sasebo Heavy Industry Co. Ltd, Sasebo, Japan
MV Hyderabad20042011–PresentSupramax Bulk Carrier29364 GRT [27] [28] Currently in useBuilt in Oshima Shipyard, Nagasaki, Japan
MV Sibi20092011–PresentHandysize Bulk Carrier17018 GRT [29] [30] Currently in useBuilt by Imabari Shipbuilding Co. Ltd, Marugame, Japan
MV Multan20022012–PresentSupramax Bulk Carrier27986 GRT [31] [32] Currently in useBuilt by Mitsui Engineering & Ship Building Co. Ltd. TAMANO Works, Japan
MV Bolan19801980-2010Multipurpose General Cargo12395 GRT [33] Scrapped in 2010Built by Kawasaki Kobe Japan
MV Khairpur19811981-2011Multipurpose General Cargo13402 GRT [33] [34] Scrapped in 2011Built by Gdańsk Shipyard

Gdańsk, Poland

MV Sargodha19801980-2012Multipurpose General Cargo12395 GRT [33] Scrapped in 2012Built by Oshima Shipbuilding Saikai, Japan
MV Makran19791979-2009Multipurpose General Cargo16199 GRT [33] [35] Scrapped in 2009Built by Nakskov Skibsvaerft Nakskov, Denmark
MV Chitral19801980-2009Multipurpose General Cargo12395 GRT [33] [36] Scrapped in 2009Built by Kawasaki Heavy Industries Kobe, Japan. Not to be confused with MV Chitral Bulk Carrier
MV Hyderabad19801980-2009Multipurpose General Cargo12395 GRT [33] [37] [38] Sold to M/S Blue Seas Marine Mitsui Tamano Engineering & Shipbuilding Tamano, Japan. Not to be confused with MV Hyderabad Bulk Carrier
MV Malakand19801980-2009Multipurpose General Cargo18224 GRT [33] [39] Sold to M/S Blue Seas MarineIhi Marine United Tokyo, Japan. Not to be confused with MV Malakand Bulk Carrier
MV Sibi19811986-2009Multipurpose General Cargo13402 GRT [33] [40] Sold to M/S Blue Seas MarineBuilt in Gdańsk Shipyard Poland
MV Kaghan19811981-2004Multipurpose General Cargo10246 GRT [33] Sold to Cheer Glory Traders China Built in Bremen. Not to be confused with MV Kaghan Bulk Carrier.
MV Multan19801980-2012Multipurpose General Cargo12395 GRT [33] Scrapped in 2012Built in Japan.
MV Murree 19811981-1989Multipurpose General Cargo11940 GRT [41] Sank at 49°57′30″N3°14′5″W / 49.95833°N 3.23472°W / 49.95833; -3.23472 , near by cities Plymouth, Bournemouth, Cardiff in strong typhoon, 1989. All crew rescued by Royal Air force Built by A&P Group, Sunderland, United Kingdom.
MT Johar19852003-2009Oil Tanker49688 GRT [33] Sold to Cheer Glory Traders, China Built by Navantia Carenas Ferrol, Spain
MT Lalazar19842005-2009Oil Tanker49688 GRT [33] Scrapped in 2009Built by Fincanteri Monfalcone Trieste, Italy.
MT Sawat19852003-2010Oil Tanker49601 GRT [33] Scrapped in 2010Built by Fincanteri Monfalcone Trieste, Italy.
MT Shalamar19812003-2007Oil Tanker54474 GRT [33] Scrapped in 2007Built in Sanoyas Mizushima Works & Shipyard Kurashiki, Japan

Merchant Navy Rank Insignia of Deck Officers and Engineer Officers

See also

Related Research Articles

Pakistan Navy naval warfare branch of Pakistan Armed Forces

The Pakistan Navy is the naval warfare uniform service branch of the Pakistan Armed Forces. It came into its modern existence from the Royal Indian Navy that ceased to exist following the partition of British India through a parliamentary act that established the independence of Pakistan from the United Kingdom on 14 August 1947.

Mansurul Haq Pakistani admiral

Mansurul Haq was a former four-star rank admiral in the Pakistan Navy who was forcibly retired from his commission in 1997 on the allegations leveled against him in the corruption and kickbacks resulting during the technology transfer of submarines from France.

Vice-Admiral Ahmad Tasnim, HI(M), SJ&Bar, SBt, is a retired three-star rank admiral in the Pakistan Navy who is notable for his command of the Hangor, a submarine, that sank the INS Khukri on 8 December 1971 during the third war with India, off the Diu, Gujarat in India.

Merchant navy fleet of merchant vessels that are registered in a specific country; so named by King George V of Britain due to British merchant ships service during WW1

A merchant navy or merchant marine or mercantile marine is the fleet of merchant vessels that are registered in a specific country. On merchant vessels, seafarers of various ranks and sometimes members of maritime trade unions are required by the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW) to carry Merchant Mariner's Documents.

The Karachi Shipyard & Engineering Works Limited (KS&EW), is a major defence contractor and military corporation situated in West Wharf in Karachi, Pakistan. It is the oldest and the only shipyard in Pakistan, catering for shipbuilding, ship repair and general heavy engineering. It has built numerous cargo ships, oil tankers, tugboats and support vessels, landing crafts, naval vessels and submarines for Pakistani Navy.

Bahria Town Pakistani real-estate development company

Bahria Town (Private) Limited. is a Rawalpindi-based privately owned real-estate development company which owns, develops and manages properties across Pakistan.

Admiral Saeed Mohammad Khan, NI(M), SBt, is a retired four-star rank admiral and retired diplomat who served as the Chief of Naval Staff (CNS) of the Pakistan Navy from 9 November 1991 until retiring from his military service on 9 November 1994. After his retirement, he briefly served as the Pakistan Ambassador to the Netherlands, having being appointed by Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto in the 1990s.

Muhammadi Steamship Company Limited was one of the oldest locally owned shipping companies in Pakistan until it was nationalised in the early 1970s.

SS Al-Abbas was the first major ship to be built at the Karachi Shipyard in 1967.

SS Fatima was the first ship ever registered in Karachi, Pakistan in 1948. It was cargo vessel belonging to East & West Steamship Company.

East & West Steamship Company was one of the oldest locally owned shipping line in Pakistan until it was nationalised in 1974. Its ship, SS Fatima was the first ship ever registered at the newly established Port of Registry at Karachi in August 1948. It was owned by the Cowasjee family. The company was restructured as the 'East and West Steamship Co. (1961) Ltd.' from 1961

Rear-Admiral Leslie Norman MungavinSPk, SK, SBt (1923–1995) was a two-star rank admiral in the Pakistan Navy, and a defence diplomat. He is noted for releasing his diplomatic assignment at the High Commission of Pakistan in London to command the combat assignments during the war on the Western front with India in 1971.

Malik Riaz businessperson

Malik Riaz Hussain is a Pakistani business tycoon who is the founder of Bahria Town, the largest privately held real estate development company in Asia. Riaz is notoriously famous for his buying power, and gives gifts of luxurious cars and mansions to journalists, generals, and politicians.

Vice-Admiral Ahmad Zamir, HI(M), SJ was a three-star rank admiral in the Pakistan Navy. Prior to his death in 1985, he was serving as the Managing Director of Karachi Shipyard and Engineering from 1983 until 1985.

Vice-Admiral Abaidullah Khan (Urdu: عبيد اللہ خان; best known as A. U. Khan, HI, SBt, SJ, was a three-star rank admiral in the Pakistan Navy, and later a bureaucrat who played a crucial role in procuring and technology transfer of the air-independent propulsion-based Agosta 90Bravo class submarine from France in 1994–97.

Rear-Admiral Abdul Waheed Bhombal, SI(m), best known as A.W. Bhombal was a two-star rank admiral in the Pakistan Navy and the chairman of the Pakistan National Shipping Corporation from 1980 until retiring from his military service in 1986.

References

  1. ↑ "Pakistan National Shipping Corporation > About Us > About Us > Chairmen History". pnsc.com.pk.
  2. ↑ "Pakistan National Shipping Corp's Financial Results Improve Despite Pressure". propakistani.pk. Archived from the original on 2017-12-28.
  3. ↑ "PNSC to be given priority in oil and LNG transportation". The Express Tribune. June 29, 2019.
  4. ↑ "Pakistan adds two more oil tankers to PNSC fleet". Arab News. April 25, 2019.
  5. ↑ Malik, Iftikhar Ahmed, "History of Pakistan Merchant Navy 1947- 2009" Karachi 2010 (privately published) pg 5
  6. 1 2 3 Malik, Iftikhar Ahmed, History of Pakistan Merchant Navy 1947- 2009 Karachi 2010 (privately published) pg 6
  7. ↑ Malik, Iftikhar Ahmed, History of Pakistan Merchant Navy 1947- 2009 Karachi 2010 (privately published) pg 7
  8. ↑ Malik, Iftikhar Ahmed, History of Pakistan Merchant Navy 1947- 2009 Karachi 2010 (privately published) pg 12
  9. 1 2 Malik, Iftikhar Ahmed, "History of Pakistan Merchant Navy 1947- 2009" Karachi 2010 (privately published) pg 8
  10. ↑ || Broken up in March 1962 Malik, Iftikhar Ahmed, History of Pakistan Merchant Navy 1947- 2009 Karachi 2010 (privately published) pg 15
  11. ↑ Allen, Tony (2010-04-11). "SS Minocher Cowasjee (+1957)". The Wreck Site. The Wreck Site. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
  12. ↑ Malik, Iftikhar Ahmed, History of Pakistan Merchant Navy 1947- 2009 Karachi 2010 (privately published) pg 14
  13. ↑ "Burntisland Shipyard - the Ohrmazd". Burntisland.net. Archived from the original on 2016-03-16. Retrieved 2016-06-21.
  14. ↑ "Pakistan National Shipping Corporation > Our Fleet > Tankers > Shalamar". Pnsc.com.pk. Archived from the original on 2016-06-11. Retrieved 2016-06-21.
  15. ↑ [ dead link ]
  16. ↑ "Pakistan National Shipping Corporation > Our Fleet > Tankers > Quetta". Pnsc.com.pk. Archived from the original on 2016-06-05. Retrieved 2016-06-21.
  17. ↑ "No Longer Here". OneSource.com. Retrieved 2016-06-21.
  18. ↑ "Pakistan National Shipping Corporation > Our Fleet > Tankers > Lahore". Pnsc.com.pk. Archived from the original on 2016-06-09. Retrieved 2016-06-21.
  19. ↑ "Marine Information Services (MIS) - PNSC - Acquisition of M.T. "LAHORE"". Mis.gr. 2010-02-25. Archived from the original on 2016-09-19. Retrieved 2016-06-21.
  20. ↑ "Pakistan National Shipping Corporation > Our Fleet > Tankers > Karachi". Pnsc.com.pk. Archived from the original on 2016-06-11. Retrieved 2016-06-21.
  21. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on March 7, 2013. Retrieved March 1, 2013.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  22. ↑ "PNSC - Pakistan National Shipping Corporation". Pakinvestorsguide. Archived from the original on 2016-08-12. Retrieved 2016-06-21.
  23. ↑ "Pakistan National Shipping Corporation > Our Fleet > Bulk Carriers > Chitral". Pnsc.com.pk. Archived from the original on 2016-06-01. Retrieved 2016-06-21.
  24. ↑ "SUFFA PROJECT: PNSC First Handymax Bulk Carrier " MV CHITRAL "". Alsuffa.blogspot.com. 2011-01-23. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2016-06-21.
  25. ↑ "Pakistan National Shipping Corporation > Our Fleet > Bulk Carriers > Malakand". Pnsc.com.pk. Archived from the original on 2016-06-11. Retrieved 2016-06-21.
  26. ↑ "Daily Times". Daily Times. Archived from the original on January 27, 2010.
  27. ↑ "Pakistan National Shipping Corporation > Our Fleet > Bulk Carriers > Hyderabad". Pnsc.com.pk. Archived from the original on 2016-06-01. Retrieved 2016-06-21.
  28. ↑ Apr 22, 2011 08:26pm (2011-04-22). "PNSC acquires Supramax bulk carrier - Newspaper". Dawn.com. Retrieved 2016-06-21.
  29. ↑ "Pakistan National Shipping Corporation > Our Fleet > Bulk Carriers > Sibi". Pnsc.com.pk. Archived from the original on 2016-06-11. Retrieved 2016-06-21.
  30. ↑ May 18, 2011 08:12pm (2011-05-18). "PNSC buys bulk carrier - Newspaper". Dawn.Com. Retrieved 2016-06-21.
  31. ↑ "Pakistan National Shipping Corporation > Our Fleet > Bulk Carriers > Sibi". Pnsc.com.pk. Archived from the original on 2016-07-02. Retrieved 2016-06-21.
  32. ↑ "Pakistan National Shipping Corporation > News and Events > Sibi". Pnsc.com.pk. 2012-09-26. Archived from the original on 2013-07-27. Retrieved 2016-06-21.
  33. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 "Archived copy". Archived from the original on March 16, 2010. Retrieved March 1, 2013.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  34. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on February 10, 2015. Retrieved March 1, 2013.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  35. ↑ "Makran - IMO 7602235 - Callsign AQOJ - ShipSpotting.com - Ship Photos and Ship Tracker". ShipSpotting.com. 2006-11-20. Archived from the original on 2016-08-09. Retrieved 2016-06-21.
  36. ↑ "CHITRAL - IMO 7822110 - Callsign AQON - ShipSpotting.com - Ship Photos and Ship Tracker". ShipSpotting.com. 1990-07-22. Archived from the original on 2016-08-09. Retrieved 2016-06-21.
  37. ↑ "HYDERABAD - IMO 7822081 - Callsign AQOO - ShipSpotting.com - Ship Photos and Ship Tracker". ShipSpotting.com. 2008-07-07. Archived from the original on 2016-08-09. Retrieved 2016-06-21.
  38. ↑ "Latest News Breaking Pakistan, World, Live Videos". Geo.tv. Archived from the original on 2009-12-26. Retrieved 2016-06-21.
  39. ↑ "Malakand - IMO 7822005 - Callsign AQOL - ShipSpotting.com - Ship Photos and Ship Tracker". ShipSpotting.com. 2008-08-31. Archived from the original on 2016-08-09. Retrieved 2016-06-21.
  40. ↑ "Pakistan National Shipping Corporation". Pnsc.com.pk. Archived from the original on 2016-08-09. Retrieved 2016-06-21.
  41. ↑ "MV Murree (Wreck)". Wikimapia.org. 1989-10-28. Archived from the original on 2016-06-30. Retrieved 2016-06-21.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.