Pantherophis bairdi

Pantherophis bairdi
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) [1]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Squamata
Suborder:	Serpentes
Family:	Colubridae
Genus:	Pantherophis
Species:	P. bairdi
Binomial name
Pantherophis bairdi (Yarrow, 1880)
Synonyms [2]
Coluber bairdi Yarrow, 1880 Elaphe obsoleta bairdi — Dowling, 1952 Elaphe bairdi — Conant & Collins, 1991 Pantherophis bairdi — Utiger et al., 2002 Pituophis bairdi — Burbrink, 2007 Scotophis bairdi — Collins & Taggart, 2008 Pantherophis bairdi — Pyron & Burbrink, 2009

Pantherophis bairdi is a species of harmless snake in the family Colubridae. The species is native to the southwestern United States and adjacent northeastern Mexico. No subspecies are recognized as being valid. ^[3]

Geographic range and habitat

P. bairdi is found in the United States in the Big Bend region of western Texas, as well as in northern Mexico in the Mexican states of Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas. It is known to be elusive and hard to find in the wild. ^[2]

P. bairdi prefers semi-arid, rocky habitats. ^[1]

Etymology and common names

The specific name, bairdi, as well as several of the common names, are in honor of American zoologist Spencer Fullerton Baird. ^[4]

Common names include: Baird's rat snake, Baird's ratsnake, ^[3] Baird's pilot snake, ^[5] Baird's Coluber, and Great Bend rat snake. ^[5]

Description

Head

Adults of P. bairdi may reach 64 to 140 cm (25 to 55 in) in total length (including tail). The dorsal color pattern consists of an orange-yellow to bright yellow, or a darker salmon ground color, overlaid with four stripes that run from the neck to the tail. The belly is generally gray to yellow, darkening near the tail.^{[ citation needed ]}

Biology

The primary diet of P. bairdi consists of rodents, although it will also prey on birds.^{[ citation needed ]} Juveniles often eat lizards.^{[ citation needed ]}

Baird's rat snake is typically more pleasantly tempered than other rat snake species.^{[ citation needed ]}

P. bairdi is oviparous. ^[2] Adult females may lay a clutch of up to 10 eggs that take about 3 months to hatch.^{[ citation needed ]}

Taxonomy

P. bairdi has sometimes been considered a subspecies of P. obsoletus , to which it is closely related. P. bairdi was for a long time placed in the genus Elaphe, but phylogenetic analyses by Utiger et al. in 2002 resulted in its transfer to the genus Pantherophis. ^{[6] [7] [8]}

References

1. Hammerson, G.A.; Lavin, P.; Mendoza Quijano, F. (2007). "Pantherophis bairdi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2007: e.T63860A12722977. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T63860A12722977.en . Retrieved 12 November 2022.
2. Species Pantherophis bairdi at The Reptile Database www.reptile-database.org.
3. "Elaphe bairdi ". Integrated Taxonomic Information System . Retrieved 29 November 2008.
4. Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN   978-1-4214-0135-5. (Pantherophis bairdi, p. 14).
5. Wright AH, Wright AA (1957). Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada. Ithaca & London: Comstock Publishing Associates. (7th printing, 1985). 1,105 pp. (in 2 volumes). ISBN   0-8014-0463-0. (Elaphe bairdi, pp. 214–218 + Figure 67 + Map 24 on p. 235).
6. Utiger U, Helfenberger N, Schätti B, Schmidt C, Ruf M, Ziswiler V (2002). "Molecular Systematics and Phylogeny of Old and New World ratsnakes, Elaphe Auct., and related genera (Reptilia, Squamata, Colubridae)". Russian Journal of Herpetology9 (2): 105–124.
7. Burbrink FT, Lawson R (2007). "How and when did Old World ratsnakes disperse into the New World?". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution43: 173–189.
8. Pyron RA, Burbrink FT (2009). "Neogene diversification and taxonomic stability in the snake tribe Lampropeltini (Serpentes: Colubridae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution52: 524–529.

Further reading

• Behler JL, King FW (1979). The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles and Amphibians. New York: Knopf. 743 pp. ISBN   0-394-50824-6. (Elaphe obsoleta bairdi, p. 606 + Plate 509).
• Collins JT, Taggart TW (2008). "An alternative classification of the New World Rat Snakes (genus Pantherophis [Reptilia: Squamata: Colubridae])". Journal of Kansas Herpetology26: 16–18.
• Conant R (1975). A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Second Edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. xviii + 429 pp. + Plates 1–48. ISBN   0-395-19979-4 (hardcover), ISBN   0-395-19977-8 (paperback). (Elaphe obsoleta bairdi, p. 196 + Plate 28 + Map 149).
• Powell R, Conant R, Collins JT (2016). Peterson Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Fourth Edition. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. xiv + 494 pp. ISBN   978-0-544-12997-9. (Pantherophis bairdi, pp. 384–386, Figure 180 + Plate 36, Figure 161).
• Schmidt KP, Davis DD (1941). Field Book of Snakes of the United States and Canada. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 365 pp. (Elaphe bairdi, pp. 144–145, Figure 38).
• Smith HM, Brodie ED Jr (1982). Reptiles of North America: A Guide to Field Identification. New York: Golden Press. 240 pp. ISBN   0-307-13666-3. (Elaphe obsoleta bairdi, p. 184).
• Stejneger L, Barbour T (1917). A Check List of North American Amphibians and Reptiles. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 125 pp. (Elaphe bairdi, p. 82).
• Yarrow HC (1880). In: Cope ED (1880). "On the Zoological Position of Texas". Bulletin of the United States National Museum (17): 1–51. (Coluber bairdi, new species, p. 41).

External links

• Elaphe bairdi Archived 2007-12-19 at the Wayback Machine at Herps of Texas Archived 2012-07-17 at the Wayback Machine . Accessed 29 November 2008.
• Elaphe bairdi at Bowling Green State University Herp Lab. Accessed 29 November 2008.