His second film, A Sinner in Mecca, premiered at the 2015 Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival[30] and is a New York Times Critics' Pick[31] amongst other press attention. Over the years, worldwide press have profiled Parvez Sharma and reviewed his work.[32][33][34][35][36][37] For example, The New York Times collectively in two excerpts and two reviews, says "There is no doubting the courage and conviction of the New York documentarian Parvez Sharma…We emerge from (Sharma's) films more enlightened, but arranging to meet (this filmmaker) is a little like setting up an appointment with an extremely polite spy. Nothing in his difficult processes -- including the threats to himself -- have destroyed Mr. Sharma's faith in the ability of Islam to tolerate diversity."[38][39] The newspaper also showcased his short films online.[40][41] In 2004 the New York Times had said, "threats to the director have become routine."[42][43] This was almost four years before A Jihad for Love was released.[44][42] The New York Times said "After A Jihad for Love, Mr. Sharma was labeled a Kafir, and in the intervening years, he has gotten more death threats than he cares to recall."[45]
Parvez Sharma worked as television journalist in India and the United Kingdom, including for India's 24-hour news television network NDTV. A journalist, Sharma has worked in radio,[47] print, and broadcast. Sharma worked as a producer at Democracy Now! in New York in 2003.[48][49] He has taught as an adjunct professor at American University, developing and teaching that university's first curriculum on Bollywood and other Indian cinemas.
His piece "Emerging from the Shadows" for The Statesman in India was the country's first major newspaper article to discuss the life of Indian lesbians.[50]
He was involved in the organization of the first organized LGBT effort in the state of West Bengal and has spoken internationally on LGBT issues, human rights violations across the world and the crisis in 21st century Islam.
Career
On 18 November 2017, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and the Sanctuary for Independent Media said, "For the past decade he has made fearless, multiple award winning films about faith, identity, religious extremism and social justice.[51]The Washington Post said about the second film, "In the film, Sharma condemns the Saudi government's strict interpretation of Islam, which he says promotes the dangerous ideology that produces groups such as the militant Islamic State."[52] Reviewing A Jihad for Love the newspaper had said, "Sharma is right to keep his focus tight. He is interested in the faithful and their conflicts, not the broader cultural issues surrounding sex and Islamic society."[53]The Los Angeles Times said Sharma "crossed several dangerous lines in his work and the government in Singapore banned A Jihad for Love and that the Muslim Judicial Council in South Africa has declared him an apostate."[54][55][56] Fridae Asia reported, "A Jihad for Love - which Singapore censors say is too controversial to be shown at the country's international film festival last year - was broadcast to potentially more than a billion in India and other countries by India's NDTV."[57]A Jihad for Love was banned from the Singapore International Film Festival in 2008 by the Media Development Authority, which oversees the censorship board, "in view of the sensitive nature of the subject that features Muslim homosexuals in various countries and their struggle to reconcile religion and their lifestyle." About 14 percent of Singapore's 4.4 million population is Muslim.[57]Singapore banned A Sinner in Mecca,[58] as did Egypt, Iran, Pakistan and Bangladesh. Yet semi-open screenings were held in Cairo, Kuala Lumpur and Karachi.[59] In just its opening week during a limited release of 33 cities, A Jihad for Love, for example, ran for four weeks at New York's IFC theaters.[60] The film grossed $22,287, out of which, $10,519 was just in New York.[61][62][63] The Domestic Total Gross for the film is $105,659.[64]A Jihad for Love was theatrically released in 33 cities,[65][66] while A Sinner in Mecca was only released in four cities, for a week each.[67][68] Its box office numbers were low, except in New York where it had a higher box office return of $11,220.[69][70]
In 2009 Sharma reported about the aborted Green Movement in Iran using firsthand accounts and interviews with friends in Tehran and often giving readers of The Huffington Post and The Daily Beast a look into the workings of the uprising.[78]
In early 2011 Sharma blogged about the revolution in Egypt, providing a local perspective on the events.[79] He spoke about the nature and extent of social media influence in the Middle East to press across the world, including interviews with newspapers in China, including the South China Morning Post and interviews on various US networks including CNBC, MSNBC and FOX News.
Sharma continues to be a commentator on Islamic, racial and political issues. In 2009 Sharma wrote the foreword for the anthology Islam and Homosexuality[80] (Praeger, 2009). He was interviewed and his work was profiled in journalist Robin Wrights book 'Rock the Casbah: Rage and Rebellion in the Middle East'.[81] His work on the Arab Spring was profiled in author Cole Strykers book 'Hacking the Future: Privacy, Identity and Anonymity on the Web'.[82][83] In 2007 he wrote a chapter for the book Gay Travels in the Muslim World.[84]
The US-based OUT Magazine named Sharma one of the OUT 100 twice for 2008 and 2015- "one of the 100 gay men and women who have helped shape our culture during the year". In 2016 Sharma won the Monette Horowitz award given to individuals and organizations for their significant contributions toward eradicating homophobia.[85]
In 2009, Sharma was named as one of "50 Visionaries changing your world" in a list headed by the Dalai Lama.[91][92][93][1][94] On 29 May 2013 Sharma was honored as an "LGBT hero" by first-lady Michelle Obama at a DNC fundraiser in New York.[95][96][97]
Sharma is best known for directing the films A Jihad for Love and A Sinner in Mecca. A Jihad for Love is a documentary that seeks to refute the belief that LGBT Muslims do not exist.[108] This film was preceded by a short film called In the Name of Allah.[109]
Sharma, director and cinematographer of the film, came up with the idea after listening to the stories of gay Muslims when he attended American University. He decided to give a voice "to a community that really needed to be heard, and that until now hadn't been. It was about going where the silence was strongest."[50]
The film premiered in 2007 at the Toronto International Film Festival and in 2008 at the Berlinale.[107][106] It went on to premier at more than a hundred film festivals globally and was released in theaters in the US and Canada in 2008 by First Run Features and Mongrel Media.[110] It was produced by Sandi Simcha DuBowski in association with Channel 4 Television (UK), ZDF (Germany), Arte (France), MTV-Logo (US), The Sundance Documentary Fund and SBS. While the film reveals homophobia and persecution in the Muslim world, Sharma has stated that the purpose of the film is not to vilify Islam. In an early interview he said, "The Islam that this film is seeking to reclaim is rich, it is pulsating, it's welcoming, condemning sometimes, it's loving, it's erotic, it's sensual, it's poetic and it's musical."[111]
A Jihad for Love had a theatrical release across 33 cities in the continental United States[65][66] and a theatrical release by Mongrel Media in Canada limited to Toronto and Vancouver.
By 2011, Sharma had conducted live events and screenings of A Jihad for Love in many Muslim nations and capitals ranging from Beirut, Lebanon and Istanbul, Turkey, to Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. In Indonesia, the film did an 8-city tour to acclaim and also protests. A multi city tour in Mexican theaters organized by Ambulante used the film as a tool for advocacy in deeply religious communities in that country.[112][113] The film also thrived underground, with private screenings of smuggled DVDs. In July 2009 Sharma conducted workshops on Islam and homosexuality with German parliamentarians in Berlin and was invited to screen and workshop A Jihad for Love by the European Union.[114] Sharma was first profiled by The New York Times in 2004 which said "Given the hostility toward homosexuality in some Islamic factions, Mr. Sharma has gone to great lengths to reassure many of his interview subjects that they will remain anonymous."[115]
The film also had its fair share of criticism. On 5 September 2008 Seattle Times said, "For all the research, courage and passion that went into it, the movie is sometimes curiously one-note."
With his second film, A Sinner in Mecca, The New York Times ran a second feature profile feature on Sharma, saying "The documentary, largely recorded on an iPhone strapped to Mr. Sharma's neck with rubber bands, shows the pilgrimage in unflinching detail. The result is a religious reality film, but also a piercing indictment of Saudi Arabia"[45] The film premiered in Toronto at the 2015 HotDocs Canadian Film Festival and opened in theaters in the US on 4 September 2015.[70] The film won Best Documentary at Outfest Los Angeles in July 2015.[116][117]A Sinner in Mecca received press and audience attention but also lead to online abuse, death threats and hate mail.[118][119][120]
Even though both his films were banned in Singapore[121] and parts of the Middle East and led to theological condemnation in many countries, Sharma is a leading spokesperson on defending Islam yet being able to speak for urgent reform, as a Muslim. He has conducted more than 200 live events[122][123][124][125] across the world, talking about Islam and, in part, its relation to topics ranging from ISIS to homosexuality.
Controversies
As early as 2 November 2004, a New York Times interview explained, "threats to the director have become routine. "About every two weeks I get an e-mail that berates me, condemns me to hell and, if they are nice, asks me to still seek forgiveness while there is still time."[126] He was provided a personal security detail at the TIFF 2007 premiere of A Jihad for Love in 2007 and A Sinner in Mecca 2015 premiere at Hotdocs in Toronto.[127] The death threats and hate mail continued over the years. In 2015, The Toronto Star said " Security is being added for the world premiere 29 April of A Sinner in Mecca ".[128] On September 4, 2014, the day the film was released theatrically in the US, the New York Times said "After "Jihad," Mr. Sharma was labeled an infidel, and in the intervening years, he has gotten more death threats than he cares to recall."[126]
The death threats and hate mail were widely discussed in the mainstream media. The Guardian said, "Parvez Sharma's film A Sinner in Mecca, in which he tries to reconcile his sexuality and his religion, resulted in hate mail and threats."[129] The Washington Post said that it was an "enormous amount of hate mail and death threats".[130]VICE said the threats were a "barrage" adding that, "Sharma is no stranger to controversial filmmaking".[131]
Singapore was amongst the first nations to ban the two films from being screened or being streamed online on services like Netflix.[132] Chairperson of the board of Film Censors Amy Chua as saying that the film was "disallowed in view of the sensitive nature of the subject".[133]A Sinner in Mecca was "was given a "Not Allowed for all Ratings" classification."[134][135]
GCN wrote, "Sharma is no stranger to death threats; 'A Jihad for Love', his documentary about the lives of gay and lesbian Muslims, generated much controversy upon its release in 2007. Days after the film's April premier, Sharma says Iranian government propaganda websites accused him of promoting a "disgusting act of homosexuality," adding that the film was an 'insult to Islam.'"[136] Pink News reported Sharma saying, "The very Muslims I'm seeking acceptance from are attacking me because I'm a gay man and because I made this film. As a Muslim, you are taught from a very young age that you do not mess with Mecca, and I'm doing exactly that."[137]OUT said, "Parvez Sharma ... grew up gay in a conservative city in India, but he seems impervious to vitriol, which helps, considering that his latest documentary, A Sinner in Mecca – a story of his personal journey on the hajj – has resulted in death threats since it began screening.[138][139]
A Sinner in Mecca, A Gay Muslim's Hajj of Defiance (Book) and Islam Trilogy
The Guardian newspaper says, "Written by a man with a deep knowledge of Islamic historic; with courage and fierce emotion." It adds, "Parvez Sharma is a proud gay Muslim whose first film, A Jihad For Love, was the first ever made about Islam and homosexuality. It made him the subject of death threats throughout the Arab world."[145]
In the book Sharma sharply veers away from the subject of the film of the same name and instead focuses on WahhabiIslam, Daesh, Saudi Arabia, the Indian sub-continent and more.[146]
Sharma has called the book as the final product of his "Islam Trilogy"[147] in various interviews. In one titled "A Jihad for Love and Equality: A Chat with trailblazer, Parvez Sharma"[148] he explains this as,"The Islam Trilogy is my contribution to history which actually began three months after September 11, 2001, when I started filming, A Jihad for Love, the world's first film on Islam and homosexuality. In 2011, just months after I reported the Arab Spring extensively and bin Laden's death I decided to go on Hajj. This would be my Hajj of defiance—and if found out I faced certain beheading. But as a filmmaker I knew this would be the greatest journey of my life and there was no way I would not film it. It was historic, you are not permitted to film in Mecca according to Wahhabi theology (even though short YouTube videos proliferate) but I did. Many shut their doors on me. Many foundations who had embraced Jihad were too afraid of this. In any case a three-year struggle ensued and we had another world first— A Sinner in Mecca, a film in Mecca and Medina shot entirely on an iPhone. Then I began writing the book that would say everything the film was not able to. That became A Sinner in Mecca: A Gay Muslim's Hajj of Defiance. Thus the trilogy which represents almost two decades of hard earned work ends as I had always planned it."
Sharma has been a featured speaker at more than 40 college campuses in the U.S., which include Stanford,[151] Berkeley, Yale, Columbia, NYU, Harvard (1 April 2016 and 17 October 2016),[152] Syracuse, Northwestern and the University of Chicago. He toured several US Southern States in 2009 and called it his "Bible Belt Tour" speaking directly to issues around LGBT rights (or the lack thereof) within conservative Christian communities.[153]
In 2009 Sharma was invited as a keynote speaker to the United Nations at the Geneva Summit for Human Rights and Democracy[154] during Durban Review Conference.[155][156] The same year he also addressed one of the world's largest gatherings of LGBT activists at the Gay Games in Copenhagen.[157] He was invited by the Foreign Services Institute of the US Department of State as a keynote speaker in Washington, D.C., on 21 June 2012. The event was called "The Rights of LGBT Persons in the Middle East and South and Central Asia." On 20 December 2012, he conducted a day-long workshop with officials from the USCIS in the Department of Homeland Security.
International Muslim Dialogue Project
The film producer Sandi DuBowski and director/ Producer Parvez Sharma launched the International Muslim Dialogue Project in 2008.[158][159]
Part of the aim for the project was to organize screenings of the film in Muslim Capitals. Sharma called it the "Underground Network Model" of film distribution. He invented this model sending unmarked DVDs of the film with friends and colleagues to Muslim capitals across the world with full permission to sell pirated copies.[160]
In a feature titled "How Parvez Sharma made a Jihad for Love" the U.S. based New York magazine said on 18 May 2008 "As such, Sharma says his ideal audience is faithful Muslims—and not just 'gay white men or activists.' To reach them, he's 'smuggled tapes into Iran and Pakistan,' leafleted mosques, blanketed MySpace, and 'hosted a screening at a home in Astoria for fifteen key progressive Muslim leaders.' There's more to do: 'Over the last six years, some of the most amazing conversations I've had about this film have been with taxi drivers, but I'm stumped about how to reach them again.'"[165]
In 2015 he launched a global Muslim empowerment endeavor called Project 786.[166] The project's website says "Project 786 is a worldwide Outreach, Dialogue and Measurable Change Project aimed at significantly impacting and changing contemporary discourse about Islam, today the worlds fastest growing and most contested religion."[167]
The Five Pillars of Islam are fundamental practices in Islam, considered to be obligatory acts of worship for all Muslims. They are summarized in the hadith of Gabriel. The Sunni and Shia agree on the basic details of the performance and practice of these acts, but the Shia do not refer to them by the same name. They are: Muslim creed, prayer, charity to the poor, fasting in the month of Ramadan, and the pilgrimage to Mecca for those who are able.
Within the Muslim world, sentiment towards LGBTQ people varies and has varied between societies and individual Muslims, but is contemporarily negative. While colloquial and in many cases de facto official acceptance of at least some homosexual behavior was commonplace in pre-modern periods, later developments, starting from the 19th-century, have created a generally hostile environment for LGBTQ people. Most Muslim-majority countries have opposed moves to advance LGBTQ rights and recognition at the United Nations (UN), including within the UN General Assembly and the UN Human Rights Council.
Mecca is the capital of Mecca Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia and the holiest city according to Islam. It is 70 km (43 mi) inland from Jeddah on the Red Sea, in a narrow valley 277 m (909 ft) above sea level. Its metropolitan population in 2022 was 2.4million, making it the third-most populated city in Saudi Arabia after Riyadh and Jeddah. Around 44.5% of the population are Saudi citizens and around 55.5% are Muslim foreigners from other countries. Pilgrims more than triple the population number every year during the Ḥajj pilgrimage, observed in the twelfth Hijri month of Dhūl-Ḥijjah. With over 10.8 million international visitors in 2023, Mecca was one of the ten most visited cities in the world.
Roy Michael Huffington Jr. is an American politician, LGBT activist, and film producer. He was a member of the Republican Party, and a congressman for one term, 1993–1995, from California. Huffington was married to Arianna Huffington, the Greek-born co-founder of HuffPost, from 1986 to 1997.
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Michael B. Wolfe is an American poet, author, and the President and Co-Executive Producer of Unity Productions Foundation. A secular American born in Cincinnati, Ohio to a Christian mother and a Jewish father, Wolfe converted to Islam at 40 and has been a frequent lecturer on Islamic issues at universities across the United States including Harvard, Georgetown, Stanford, SUNY Buffalo, and Princeton. He holds a degree in Classics from Wesleyan University.
The Cairo 52 were fifty-two men arrested on May 11, 2001 aboard a floating gay nightclub called the Queen Boat, which was moored on the Nile in Cairo, Egypt.
In Twelver Shia Islam, the Ancillaries of the Faith are a set of practices that Shia Muslims have to carry out.
Chick tracts are short evangelical gospel tracts in a comic book format, originally created by American cartoonist Jack Chick in the 1960s. His company Chick Publications has continued to print Chick's work, as well as tracts in a similar style by other writers.
Gay Muslims (2006) is a Channel 4 documentary about a man named Joe Zakar, produced and directed by Cara Lavan, about the experiences of five Muslim people who identify as lesbian and gay and how they challenge the heterosexual-worldview within Islam, and attempt to integrate Islam with homosexuality. It is usually a stark choice between suppressing homosexual desires and leading an undercover double life, or coming out and losing the respect and support of their families and communities.
The Ismā'īlī Shi'a have more pillars than those of the Sunni. The Shahadah is not considered a pillar and is instead seen as the foundation upon which they are built.
Sandi Simcha DuBowski is an American director and producer, best known for his work on the intersection of LGBT people and their religion, DuBowski directed the 2001 documentary Trembling Before G-d and is the producer of Parvez Sharma's documentary A Jihad for Love (2007).
A Jihad for Love is a 2008 documentary film written and directed by Parvez Sharma and was the world's first film on Islam and homosexuality. It took a total of six years to make and premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival in September 2007. It premiered at the Berlin Film Festival in 2008 as the opening documentary film for the Panorama section.
Arsham Parsi is an Iranian LGBT human rights activist living in exile in Canada. He is the founder and head of the International Railroad for Queer Refugees.
Cornerstone Community Church is an independent, Charismatic church based in Singapore. It is committed to global missions and has affiliate congregations in Kenya, Uganda, Myanmar, Pakistan, Indonesia, Australia and the Philippines. Established in 1990, the church is led by founder and senior pastor Rev. Yang Tuck Yoong.
Hajj is an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, the holiest city for Muslims. Hajj is a mandatory religious duty for capable Muslims that must be carried out at least once in their lifetime by all adult Muslims who are physically and financially capable of undertaking the journey, and of supporting their family during their absence from home.
The use of politically and religiously-motivated violence in Islam dates back to its early history. Islam has its origins in the behavior, sayings, and rulings of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, his companions, and the first caliphs in the 7th, 8th, and 9th centuries CE. Mainstream Islamic law stipulates detailed regulations for the use of violence, including corporal and capital punishment, as well as regulations on how, when, and whom to wage war against.
A Sinner in Mecca is a 2015 documentary film from director Parvez Sharma. The film chronicles Sharma's Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia as an openly gay Muslim. The film premiered at the 2015 Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival to critical acclaim as well as negative controversies. The film opened in theaters in the US on September 4, 2015, and is a New York Times Critics' Pick.
A Sinner in Mecca: A Gay Muslim's Hajj of Defiance is the first book by Parvez Sharma, released on August 15, 2017, by publisher BenBella Books. The book focuses on Wahhabism, Daesh, Saudi Arabia, and the position of Islam in the Indian sub-continent. Sharma calls the book the final product of his "Islam Trilogy". The author recorded an audiobook version of this book for Tantor Media on December 14, 2017. In 2018, Parvez Sharma's book, A Sinner In Mecca: A Gay Muslim's Hajj of Defiance was nominated for a Lambda Literary Award in the category of Gay Memoir/Biography and received Honorable Mention in the LGBT Nonfiction category for the 2017 Foreword INDIES.
Muhsin Hendricks is a South African imam and Islamic scholar. He has been involved in various LGBT Muslim advocacy groups and has been an advocate for greater acceptance of LGBT people within Islam. He has been described as the world's first openly gay imam, having come out in 1996.
1 2 3 Sharma, Parvez (21 May 2008), A Jihad for Love, Muhsin Hendricks, A. K. Hoosen, Mazen, archived from the original on 14 October 2018, retrieved 3 March 2018
↑ Sharma, Parvez (21 April 2009), A Jihad for Love, FIRST RUN FEATURES, archived from the original on 12 March 2012, retrieved 3 March 2018
↑ Khosa, Rajan (23 April 1998), Dance of the Wind, Ami Arora, Roshan Bano, Kitu Gidwani, archived from the original on 13 October 2018, retrieved 5 March 2018
↑ Sève, Jim de (2 May 2004), Tying the Knot, Bob Barr, Mary Bonauto, Brian Brown, archived from the original on 16 February 2017, retrieved 5 March 2018
↑ Russell, Dave (2 October 2007), Episode dated 2 October 2007, Joan Jett, Parvez Sharma, archived from the original on 10 February 2017, retrieved 5 March 2018
1 2 Sharma, Parvez (21 May 2008), A Jihad for Love, Muhsin Hendricks, A. K. Hoosen, Mazen, archived from the original on 14 October 2018, retrieved 5 March 2018
↑ Sharma, Parvez (4 October 2015), A Sinner in Mecca, archived from the original on 9 May 2019, retrieved 5 March 2018
↑ "Parvez Sharma". the Guardian. Archived from the original on 11 August 2016. Retrieved 21 December 2015.
↑ "Establishing Justice"(PDF). Establishing Justice. Stanford University. 9 January 2011. Archived(PDF) from the original on 22 June 2015. Retrieved 21 December 2015.
↑ Cohen, Ariel; Esposito, John L.; Fuller, Graham E.; Jan, Abid Ullah; Khan, M. A. Muqtedar (8 August 2005). American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 22:3. International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT).
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