Penninghame

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Penninghame
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Penninghame
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Penninghame in Wigtownshire, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, is a civil parish area, 8 miles (N. W.) from Wigtown. The area is approx 16 miles in length, and from 5 to 6 miles' width, bounded on the north and east by the River Cree, and on the west by the Bladnoch; comprising nearly 38,000 acres, of which 12,000 were arable, 600 woodland and plantations, 1600 meadow, and the remainder hill pasture, moorland, moss, etc. [1]

Contents

The civil parish area of Penninghame is bounded on the south by the civil parish area of Wigtown and on the west by Kirkcowan on the north by the civil parish area of Colmonell and on the east by the civil parish area of Minnigaff. [2]

There are numerous nature trails nearby, managed on behalf of the state by Forest Enterprise. [3]

Etymology

Penninghame (spelled Peningham in 1287 in Bagimonds Roll) has been argued to be one of the earliest Anglo-Saxon place-names in south-west Scotland. [4] Hough has proposed that it is derived either from Old English *pening-hām 'farm on which a penny geld was payable' or *pen-ingahām, the second element of which means 'homestead of the followers of...' or 'homestead of the settlers at...'. [4] She argues against a derivation from -ingahām based on the geographical isolation of Penninghame from the other -ingahām names in southern Scotland (Coldingham, Tynninghame and Whittingeham); the lack of medial ⟨a⟩ in the early spellings of the name; and the obscure first element 'Pen'. [4]

James proposes that the first element is Brittonic penn 'head; top, summit, end' incorporated into an Old English ing + ham name. It would mean 'landholding named (after) *Penn'. He suggests that *Penn refers to the end of the ridge on Bar Hill. James notes that Hough's etymology of a name "implying monetary assessment of a landholding" in the 8th century would be exceptional. [5]

The Village of Penninghame

A view of the Clachan of Penninghame. Old Public House, Clachan of Penninghame, Dumfries & Galloway.jpg
A view of the Clachan of Penninghame.

The Clachan (Village) of Penninghame was a township which existed before Newton Stewart was built and is therefore of some antiquity as the first few houses in Newton-Stewart were built in 1677 by William Stewart. Newton Stewart was a planned village and eventually it superseded the "Clachan". [6] Between 1875 and 1885 the clachan and district were served by a halt named Mains of Penninghame Platform on the line to Whithorn from Newton Stewart with market day trains only.

Town of Newton Stewart

The Dumfries and Galloway Council Administration Office for the Machars area of Wigtownshire is in the town of Newton Stewart (Gd: Baile Ùr nan Stiùbhartach) which lies on the southern edge of the Galloway Forest Park in the Civil Parish area of Penninghame.

The Primary School

There has been a school in the Penninghame area for over 100 years. Also, Merton Hall has been considerably extended and altered over the years, previously being occupied as a school.

Penninghame Church

Gravestones within the Kirk of Penninghame cemetery. Clachan of Penninghame and the old cemetery, Dumfries & Galloway.jpg
Gravestones within the Kirk of Penninghame cemetery.

The church of Penninghame belonged of old to the bishops of Galloway, who were the proprietors of Penninghame and had their chief residence at Clary, formerly called Clachary, less than a mile from the church. [6]

The recorded history of Penninghame Parish begins with the Medieval Bishops of Galloway. The burial ground was used to 1777 when the church was closed and the new Penninghame Church was built in Newton-Stewart. [7]

Penninghame Old Kirk and Manse in ruins at the Clachan of Penninghame are shown on Ainslie's 1782 map. [8] The building showing in the back of the photo of the Clachan of Penninghame graveyard is said to be an old Inn. In 1877, a guide reports that the ruins of the Church were barely visible.

In the new churchyard a tombstone commemorates the Rev. Robert Rowan, minister of the parish, a friend and correspondent of the historian Robert Wodrow. Having studied at Glasgow College, he obtained licence to preach in July, 1695, and in the following year was ordained minister of Penningham (ten years after the persecution of Margaret Wilson). Taking deep concern in the affairs of the Church, he communicated to Wodrow minute accounts of the persecutions inflicted on his parishioners and others during the latter Stuart persecutions. He died on 9 August 1714, in his fifty-fifth year, and the eighteenth of his ministry. [8]

Barony of Merton or Myrtoun alias Frethrid

In 1477 James III granted a charter of Merton Hall to John Kennedy of Blairquahan. [9] [10] [11]

On 1 March 1504-5 The terras et baroniam de Myretoun, cum turre, fortalicio (etc.) vic. (sheriffidom of) Wigtoun are in Registrum magni sigilli regum Scotorum AD1424-1513 (RMS) Vol. II, deed no.2829 p. 601. Also in the same volume were deeds re the Barony of Myretoun sometimes shown as "Baronium de Frethird or Frethrid, vic. (sheriffdom of) Wigtown", pp. 236–237 no. 1162; pp. 272–3 nos. 1336 & 1337 (10 Dec 1477); and no.1654. [12] Scottish feudal barony, Scottish feudal lordship

On 27 Feb 1506 the Register of the Great Seal of Scotland records a charter p. 624 no.2943, Gawino Kennedy de Blarequhan had terres et Baronium de Frethird.

On 20 June 1508, p. 693 no.3245, Joh Kennedy de Blairquhan re Capella S. Ninian in baronia sua de Myrtoun alias Frethrid vic. Wigtoun. This St Ninian's chapel is just to the south of Glenhapple, Penningham, near Cruise of Cree and Penningham House. [13] [14]

10 January 1541 Barony of Martyn-Kennedy alias Frethrid, vic.(sheriffdom of) Wigtoun Gilbert Kennedy and his wife Margaret Cunninghame had these lands, recorded in R.M.S. Vol. III, p. 592 deed 2576. [15]

Viscount Boyd of Merton, of Merton-in-Penninghame in the County of Wigtown, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1960 for the Conservative politician and former Secretary of State for the Colonies, Alan Lennox-Boyd, 1st Viscount Boyd of Merton. As of 2010 the title is held by his eldest son, the second Viscount, who succeeded in 1983.

A bronze axe, now in the Stranraer Museum, was found in boggy ground at Merton Hall, about 2 miles west of Newton Stewart. Merton Hall is a category B Listed Building.

History

1 June 1557 - (lands of) Clarie / Clary and Over Bar [16] had previously been leased for 19 years by Bishop Andrew Durie to Walter Stewart of Barcly, as recorded in the book "Wigtownshire Charters" (Scottish Records Society) p. 248 no.347. Also in this book, Penninghame was the usual residence of the Bishops of Galloway, Bishop Alexander Gordon of Clary died here in 1576. The 10 merkland of Grange of Penninghame, 5 merkland of Clarie, 5 merkland of Over Bar, 5 merkland of Barchelauchlyne (Barcly ?, AD1189 there was a Walter de Berchelay, chamberlain ), 5 merkland of Barquharrane, all lying in the Merse of Cree, were granted by bishop Alexander Gordon to Alexander Stewart of Garlies and Katherine Stewart spouses, and the 5 merkland of Carnestik and Polchullie (Polwillie ?) were feued to Mr. John Stewart and Egidia Gordon spouses.

Castle Stewart is north of Newton Stewart, Penninghame, Machars, Wigtownshire, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. Scots Peerage, Vol. IV records that Sir Alexander Stewart of Garlies and his 3rd wife, Catherine Stewart (dau of Water Stewart of Barclye / Barcly, see above) had a son, Anthony Stewart who was parson of Penningham and ancestor of Colonel William Stewart who purchased lands of Castle Stewart - formerly styled Kilcreuchie. [17] [18]

Colonel William Stewart bought the lands previously known as Calcruchie and built Castle Stewart. See ref. for plan of the Castle in "The Castellated and Domestic Architecture of Scotland". by David MacGibbon and Thomas Ross, pub. 1892. pp. 246–248. [19]

AllSaintsEpiscopalChurch, Challoch, built as private chapel for Edward James Stopford-Blair of Penninghame House and consecrated 1872. Designed architects W G Habershon & Pite.

Monument of National Importance, Penninghame

Skaith Mote – the site of a small timber castle of medieval date. [20] [21]

Archaeology

The National Gallery of Scotland – Museum of Antiquities of Scotland, has - Bronze implements, (Sir Herbert Eustace Maxwell, 1885) lists (item 48) 8 × 21-inch and (item 49) 2 × 21-inch bronze axes from Penninghame. [22]

There were between 1200 and 1500 ancient English coins found in a field in the Parish of Penningham, showing the heads of King Edward, King Alexander, etc. [23] Some minted in Bristol may have been about AD1280. [24]

Some places in north Penninghame which are of interest to archaeologists, [19] artists, and walkers on the Southern Upland Way are:

Notable residents

See also

Related Research Articles

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Dumfries and Galloway is one of the 32 unitary council areas of Scotland, located in the western part of the Southern Uplands. It is bordered by East Ayrshire, South Ayrshire, and South Lanarkshire to the north; Scottish Borders to the north-east; the English county of Cumbria, the Solway Firth, and the Irish Sea to the south, and the North Channel to the west. The administrative centre and largest settlement is the town of Dumfries. The second largest town is Stranraer, located 76 miles (122 km) to the west of Dumfries on the North Channel coast.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mains of Penninghame Platform railway station</span> Former railway station in Scotland

Mains of Penninghame Platform railway station (NX410617) was a halt on the Wigtownshire Railway branch line, from Newton Stewart to Whithorn, of the Portpatrick and Wigtownshire Joint Railway. It served a rural area of farms, including the large Mains of Penninghame and the nearby Clachan and old Kirk of Penninghame in the Parish of Penninghame, old Wigtownshire.

References

  1. ↑ Parish of Penninghame Map
  2. ↑ A Topographical Dictionary of Scotland (1846). http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=43470
  3. ↑ "Forestry Commission – Galloway Forest Park". Archived from the original on 17 March 2014. Retrieved 13 October 2012.
  4. 1 2 3 Hough, Carole (2001). "The place-name Penninghame (Wigtonshire)". Notes and Queries. 48 (2): 99–102. doi:10.1093/nq/48.2.99.
  5. ↑ James, Alan G. (2019). The Brittonic Language in the Old North: v (PDF). Vol. 2 Guide to the Elements. SPNS. p. 234. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 October 2019.
  6. 1 2 Chalmers, George (1810). Caledonia; or, An account, historical and topographic, of North Britain; from the most ancient to the present times. Columbia University Libraries. London, Cadell.
  7. ↑ Scott, Hew; Macdonald, D. F. (Donald Farquhar). Fasti ecclesiæ scoticanæ; the succession of ministers in the Church of Scotland from the reformation. Edinburgh : Oliver and Boyd.
  8. 1 2 View: A map of the county of Wigton. - Counties of Scotland, 1580-1928 - National Library of Scotland
  9. ↑ http://img.findaproperty.com/bgaagr-barratgray/lettings/m17101747.pdf [ bare URL PDF ]
  10. ↑ Ratification of the burgh in barony of the town of Myretoun [ permanent dead link ]
  11. ↑ Mackenzie, William; Symson, Andrew (1841). The history of Galloway, from the earliest period to the present time . University of California Libraries. Kirkcudbright : J. Nicholson.
  12. ↑ Scotland; Great Britain. General Register Office (Scotland) (1882). Registrum magni sigilli regum Scotorum : The register of the Great seal of Scotland, A.D. 1306-1668. University of California Libraries. Edinburgh : General register house.
  13. ↑ Scotland; Great Britain. General Register Office (Scotland) (1882). Registrum magni sigilli regum Scotorum : The register of the Great seal of Scotland, A.D. 1306-1668. University of California Libraries. Edinburgh : General register house.
  14. ↑ Caledonia; or, An account, historical and topographic, of North Britain; from the most ancient to the present times
  15. ↑ Registrum magni sigilli regum Scotorum : The register of the Great seal of Scotland, A.D. 1306-1668
  16. ↑ Mains Of Penninghame | ScotlandsPlaces
  17. ↑ Paul, James Balfour (1904–1914). The Scots peerage : founded on Wood's ed. of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland; containing an historical and genealogical account of the nobility of that kingdom. Robarts - University of Toronto. Edinburgh : D. Douglas.
  18. ↑ Records of Parliament.1696/9/195.William II:Manuscript. Ratification in favour of William Stewart of Castlestewart http://www.rps.ac.uk/
  19. 1 2 The castellated and domestic architecture of Scotland from the twelfth to the eighteenth century
  20. ↑ Historic Scotland - Looking after our heritage - Historic & listed buildings
  21. 1 2 Site Record for Skaith Mote Details Details
  22. ↑ Read the ebook Catalogue of the National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland by National Gallery of Scotland (page 12 of 31)
  23. ↑ Cave, Edward (1835). The Gentleman's Magazine: Or, Monthly Intelligencer: Volume the first [-fifth], for the year 1731 [-1735] ... Printed and sold at St John's Gate [by Edward Cave]; by F. Jefferies in Ludgate-Street.
  24. ↑ Early Edwardian Halfpennies
  25. ↑ Scottish History Society, vol. LI (51) : Wigtownshire Charters. ed. by R.C. Reid, LLD. Parish of Penninghame.
  26. ↑ Canmore Mapping
  27. 1 2 Site Record for Loch Ochiltree Details Details
  28. ↑ "3. New Luce to Bargrennan". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 13 October 2012.
  29. ↑ Site Record for Loch Maberry Castle Details Details
  30. ↑ http://www.whithorn.info/pdf/macharsguide.pdf Archived 5 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine - United Kingdom
  31. ↑ M'Kerlie, Peter Handyside (1870). History of the Lands and Their Owners in Galloway. Vol. 1. Edinburgh: William Paterson. p. 309. Retrieved 22 June 2014.
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