Pentagon Memorial

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National 9/11 Pentagon Memorial
US Navy 080904-N-5319A-008 The Pentagon Memorial honoring the 184 people killed at the Pentagon and on American Airlines flight 77.jpg
A photo of the monument, shortly before it opened
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Location Arlington County, Virginia, United States of America
Coordinates 38°52′14.052″N77°3′33.264″W / 38.87057000°N 77.05924000°W / 38.87057000; -77.05924000
EstablishedSeptember 11, 2008
Governing bodyPentagon Memorial Fund
Website https://pentagonmemorial.org/

The Pentagon Memorial, formally the National 9/11 Pentagon Memorial, located just southwest of the Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia, across the Potomac River from Washington, D.C., is a permanent outdoor memorial to the 184 people who died as victims in the building and on American Airlines Flight 77 during the September 11 attacks. [1]

Contents

Designed by Julie Beckman and Keith Kaseman of the architectural firm of Kaseman Beckman Advanced Strategies [2] with engineers Buro Happold, [3] the memorial opened on September 11, 2008, seven years after the attack.

Early memorials

Preparing to lower the flag at the Pentagon on October 11, 2001 Pentagon flag october11.jpg
Preparing to lower the flag at the Pentagon on October 11, 2001

In the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks, an impromptu memorial was set up on a hill at the Navy Annex, overlooking the Pentagon. People came to pay respects and place tributes. [4] One month after the attacks, 25,000 people attended a memorial service at the Pentagon for employees and family members; speakers included President George W. Bush and Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld. [5] Bush remarked, "The wound to this building will not be forgotten, but it will be repaired. Brick by brick, we will quickly rebuild the Pentagon." [6] The American flag that hung on the Pentagon, near the damaged section, was lowered during the service. [7]

Victims of Terrorist Attack on the Pentagon Memorial

On September 12, 2002, the day after the first anniversary of the attacks, Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld and General Richard Myers, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, dedicated the Victims of Terrorist Attack on the Pentagon Memorial at Arlington National Cemetery. [8] A pentagonal [9] granite marker 4.5 feet (1.4 m) high, [10] the memorial honors the five people for whom no identifiable remains were found. [10] A portion of the remains of 25 other victims are buried at the site. [11] Around the top is inscribed "Victims of Terrorist Attack on the Pentagon September 11, 2001". Aluminum plaques, painted black, are inscribed with the names of the 184 victims. [10] [12]

America's Heroes Memorial

America's Heroes Memorial opened in September 2002 Indoor pentagon memorial.jpg
America's Heroes Memorial opened in September 2002

Opened in September 2002 after Pentagon repairs were completed, the America's Heroes Memorial and chapel are located where American Airlines Flight 77 crashed into the building.

The memorial includes a book of photographs and biographies of the victims. It also includes five large black acrylic panels: one displays the Purple Heart medal awarded to military members killed in the attacks, another shows the medal given to civilians, two back wall panels are etched with the victims' names, and a center panel shows tribute statements. The small chapel, located in an adjacent room, has stained glass windows with patriotic-themed designs.

Design and construction

Defense.gov News Photo 030303-D-2987S-028.jpg
Keith Kaseman and Julie Beckman present the design at a Pentagon press conference March 3, 2003
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"Light Benches", the winning design of the Pentagon Memorial announced at a Pentagon press conference on March 3, 2003

The Pentagon Memorial was constructed from a design by Julie Beckman and Keith Kaseman of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, with design support from Buro Happold and [Delta Fountains], that was chosen following a design competition. The design competition included a group of 11 judges, including Terence Riley, the chief curator of architecture and design at the Museum of Modern Art, and two former secretaries of defense, Melvin Laird and Harold Brown. They viewed 1,126 memorial proposals from around the world. Of the six international finalists selected, all were designers: Jean Koeppel and Tom Kowalski, Mason Wickham and Edwin Zawadzki, Jacky Bowring, Shane Williamson, Michael Meredith, and Julie Beckman and Keith Kaseman.

The design by Beckman and Kaseman consisted of 184 illuminated benches, arranged according to the victims' ages, starting with Dana Falkenberg, age 3, to John Yamnicky Sr., age 71, in a landscaped 1.93-acre (7,800 m2) plot. Each bench is engraved with the name of a victim. The benches representing the victims that were inside the Pentagon are arranged so those reading the names will face the Pentagon's south facade, where the plane hit; benches dedicated to victims aboard the plane are arranged so that those reading the engraved name will be facing skyward along the path the plane traveled. A shallow lighted pool of flowing water is positioned under each memorial bench. [13] If more than one member of a family died during the attack, family names are listed in the reflecting pool under the bench, in addition to the separate benches that have been created for each individual.

A wall along the edge of the Memorial begins at a height of 3 inches (7.6 cm) and rises to a height of 71 inches (180 cm), the ages of the youngest and oldest victim of the attack, [14] and about 85 crepe myrtle trees are planted on the memorial grounds. [15]

Funding of $13.8 million had been raised for construction of the memorial by May 2007. [16] Donations include $250,000 from American Forests towards planting trees at the memorial, [17] and $1 million from the government of Taiwan. [18]

Construction began on June 15, 2006. [19] By November 2006, site excavation, re-routing of existing utility lines had been completed, and water lines laid for the fountain pools. [20] By May 2007, the foundation of the perimeter wall was built and concrete pilings poured for each bench. [16]

Dedication ceremony

The first inscribed memorial unit unveiled at the dedication ceremony on September 11, 2008 Pentagon Memorial dedication 2008 1st bench.jpg
The first inscribed memorial unit unveiled at the dedication ceremony on September 11, 2008

The Memorial was dedicated and opened to the public on September 11, 2008. [21] President George W. Bush called the memorial "an everlasting tribute to the 184 souls who perished." Over 20,000 people attended the dedication ceremony, including past Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Michael Mullen, and Secretary of Defense Robert M. Gates. [22] It was opened to the public at 7 p.m. in a separate ceremony with a music performance by the Navy Band and the Sea Chanters Chorus. SFC Peter George Lentz unveiled the first bench.

Operations

The memorial viewed from the northeast corner Pentagon Memorial-Panorama.jpg
The memorial viewed from the northeast corner

The Memorial is open seven days a week, year-round. It is also the only place on the Pentagon grounds where photography by the public is permitted. [23]

As of August 2011, the memorial had received an annual average of 225,000 to 250,000 visitors. [24]

Anniversary events

To commemorate the anniversary each year, an American flag is hung on the section of the Pentagon hit by Flight 77. At night, this section of the building is lit up in blue lights. For the fifth anniversary, a "Tribute of Lights" display included 184 beams of light from the center courtyard shining into the sky.

Anniversary events also include the America Supports You National Freedom Walk, which has been held on Sundays. The walk starts at the Lincoln Memorial and ends at the Pentagon. [25] The Arlington Police/Fire/Sheriff 5K Race is held on Saturdays, around the anniversary, with the course going through part of Crystal City and through the Pentagon grounds.

Memorial services are held on the anniversary of 9/11 at the Pentagon, with one service in an auditorium at the Pentagon for employees. A smaller service is held at the memorial site for family and friends of victims killed at the Pentagon on 9/11.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">American Airlines Flight 77</span> Domestic passenger flight hijacked as part of September 11 attacks; crashed into the Pentagon

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Donald Rumsfeld</span> American politician and diplomat (1932-2021)

Donald Henry Rumsfeld was an American politician, government official and businessman who served as Secretary of Defense from 1975 to 1977 under president Gerald Ford, and again from 2001 to 2006 under President George W. Bush. He was both the youngest and the oldest secretary of defense. Additionally, Rumsfeld was a four-term U.S. Congressman from Illinois (1963–1969), director of the Office of Economic Opportunity (1969–1970), counselor to the president (1969–1973), the U.S. Representative to NATO (1973–1974), and the White House Chief of Staff (1974–1975). Between his terms as secretary of defense, he served as the CEO and chairman of several companies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Memorials and services for the September 11 attacks</span> List of September 11 attack memorials and services

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<i>Tribute in Light</i> Annual tribute to 9/11 victims

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arlington National Cemetery</span> Military cemetery in Arlington, Virginia, US

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">National September 11 Memorial & Museum</span> Memorial and museum in New York City

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Virginia State Route 110</span> State highway in Arlington County, Virginia, United States

Virginia State Route 110 (SR 110) is a primary state highway in Arlington, Virginia. Known as the Richmond Highway, the state highway runs 2.41 miles (3.88 km) from U.S. Route 1 (US 1) and Interstate 395 (I-395) in Crystal City north to I-66 in the Rosslyn neighborhood. SR 110 is a four- to six-lane freeway that parallels the Potomac River, providing a connection between several of Arlington's urban villages and major landmarks, including the Pentagon, which is the headquarters of the United States Department of Defense, and the grounds of Arlington National Cemetery. The highway also provides access to SR 27, an east–west freeway between the Pentagon and the cemetery, and the George Washington Parkway that parallels the Potomac River. SR 110 is a part of the National Highway System for its entire length.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Virginia State Route 27</span> State highway in Arlington County, Virginia, United States

State Route 27 (SR 27) is a freeway in Arlington County, Virginia, in the United States, known as Washington Boulevard. It was built during World War II to connect the Pentagon with U.S. Route 50 (US 50) and northern Arlington to the west and Washington, D.C., to the east. Its 2.54-mile (4.09 km) route parallels the southern boundaries of Arlington National Cemetery. At its southernmost point, Route 27 passes through a complex interchange with Interstate 395. called the "Mixing Bowl," although local motorists more recently use that term also to refer to the Springfield Interchange on the Capital Beltway in Springfield. It is an important commuter route as well as providing access to a number of military installations, the cemetery and national memorials. Because Route 27 is the closest road to the site of the September 11 attack on the Pentagon, the route has been designated the "9/11 Heroes Memorial Highway."

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pentagon Renovation Program</span> Renovation project for The Pentagon, US (1990s–2011)

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kaseman Beckman Advanced Strategies</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">The Pentagon</span> Headquarters of the US Department of Defense in Arlington, Virginia

The Pentagon is the headquarters building of the United States Department of Defense, in Arlington County, Virginia, across the Potomac River from Washington, D.C. It was constructed on an accelerated schedule during World War II. As a symbol of the U.S. military, the phrase The Pentagon is often used as a metonym for the Department of Defense and its leadership.

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The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the September 11 attacks and their consequences:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Victims of Terrorist Attack on the Pentagon Memorial</span> Memorial at Arlington National Cemetery, U.S.

The Victims of Terrorist Attack on the Pentagon Memorial is a memorial over a group burial site at Arlington National Cemetery in the United States. It commemorates the victims of the attack on the Pentagon, which was struck by a Boeing 757 commercial airliner hijacked by five al-Qaeda terrorists on September 11, 2001, killing 184 people. The memorial specifically honors the five individuals for whom no identifiable remains were found. However, a portion of the remains of 25 other victims are buried at the site. The names of the 115 Pentagon employees and 10 contractors in the building, as well as the 53 passengers and six crew members aboard American Airlines Flight 77 are inscribed on the memorial.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Julie Beckman</span> American architect

Julie Beckman is an American architect who designed the National 9/11 Pentagon Memorial with her husband Keith Kaseman. The $22 million memorial, which includes 184 benches with names of victims of the September 11 attacks in 2001 inscribed and illuminated by reflecting pools, opened on September 11, 2008.

References

  1. ↑ "Pentagon Memorial Project Schedule". Pentagon Renovation Program. Archived from the original on March 13, 2003. Retrieved October 12, 2006.
  2. ↑ Miroff, Nick (September 11, 2008). "Creating a Place Like No Other". The Washington Post . Retrieved July 26, 2011.
  3. ↑ "Pentagon Memorial". Archived from the original on September 10, 2010. Retrieved September 12, 2010.
  4. ↑ "Mourners memorial rises near Pentagon". The Washington Times. September 19, 2001.
  5. ↑ "Bush says that from 'sorrow has come great resolve'". The Washington Times. October 12, 2001.
  6. ↑ Garamone, Jim (October 11, 2001). "Memorial Service Honors Pentagon Victims". American Forces Press Service.
  7. ↑ Garamone, Jim (October 11, 2001). "Flag at Pentagon Attack Site Lowered, Preserved". American Forces Press Service.
  8. ↑ Garamone, Jim. "Remains of Pentagon Attack Victims Buried at Arlington." American Forces Press Service. September 12, 2002. Archived December 31, 2015, at the Wayback Machine Accessed September 7, 2011.
  9. ↑ Pusey, Allen. "Final Service Honors Victims of Pentagon Attack." Dallas Morning News. September 13, 2002.
  10. 1 2 3 Cass, Connie. "Cremated Remains of Pentagon Victims Are Laid to Rest at National Cemetery". Associated Press . September 13, 2002.
  11. ↑ "Arlington Funeral Honors Unidentified Victims." CNN.com. September 12, 2002. Archived October 10, 2012, at the Wayback Machine Accessed 2011-09-07.
  12. ↑ Garamone, Jim. "Remains of Pentagon Attack Victims Buried at Arlington". American Forces Press Service. Retrieved September 13, 2007.
  13. ↑ Larry Shaughnessy (May 23, 2008). "Nearly complete Pentagon memorial tells story of 9/11". CNN.com. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
  14. ↑ Mike Mount (September 11, 2008). "Pentagon 9/11 memorial honors victims in symbols, concrete". CNN.com. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
  15. ↑ Dwyer, Timothy (June 6, 2006). "Groundbreaking For 9/11 Memorial at Pentagon". The Washington Post.
  16. 1 2 Dwyer, Timothy (May 26, 2007). "Pentagon Memorial Progress Is Step Forward for Families". The Washington Post.
  17. ↑ Killian, Erin (September 7, 2007). "Forestry group donates $250,000 to Pentagon memorial". Washington Business Journal.
  18. ↑ "Joseph Wu visits Pentagon Memorial construction site". Taipei Times. September 9, 2007.
  19. ↑ "Ground Broken for Pentagon 9-11 Memorial". Pentagon Memorial Fund. June 15, 2006. Archived from the original on October 16, 2008. Retrieved October 12, 2006.
  20. ↑ "Construction Update". Pentagon Memorial Fund. November 13, 2006. Archived from the original on September 16, 2009. Retrieved November 15, 2006.
  21. ↑ Wilgoren, Debbie; Nick Miroff; Robin Shulman (September 11, 2008). "Pentagon Memorial Dedicated on 7th Anniversary of Attacks". The Washington Post . WashingtonPost.com. Retrieved September 11, 2008.
  22. ↑ "Visitor Services: Pentagon Tours and Memorial: Pentagon Memorial". United States Department of Defense Washington Headquarters Services. Archived from the original on April 18, 2014. Retrieved April 18, 2014. For hours of operation, click on "Hours of Operation"; for photography information, click on "Conduct on the Pentagon Reservation". Both are under the "Pentagon Memorial" tab.
  23. ↑ Barakat, Matthew, (Associated Press), "Pentagon Memorial offers contemplative spot", Military Times , August 10, 2011.
  24. ↑ "About the DC Walk". U.S. Department of Defense. Archived from the original on September 11, 2007. Retrieved September 13, 2007.
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