Peshrar block

Peshrar
Community development block
Peshrar Location in Jharkhand Show map of Jharkhand Peshrar Peshrar (India) Show map of India
Coordinates: 23°37′59″N84°34′12″E / 23.6330°N 84.5699°E / 23.6330; 84.5699
Country	India
State	Jharkhand
District	Lohardaga
Government
• Type	Federal democracy
Area
• Total	384.38 km2 (148.41 sq mi)
Population  (2011)
• Total	31,057
• Density	81/km2 (210/sq mi)
Languages
• Official	Hindi, Urdu
Time zone	UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN	835302
Telephone/STD code	06526
Vehicle registration	JH 08
Literacy	54.25%
Lok Sabha constituency	Lohardaga
Vidhan Sabha constituency	Lohardaga
Website	lohardaga.nic.in

Peshrar block is a CD block that forms an administrative division in the Lohardaga subdivision of Lohardaga district, in the Indian state of Jharkhand.

History

Lohardaga was made a subdivision of Ranchi district in 1972. Ranchi district was split into three districts namely Ranchi, Gumla and Lohardaga, in 1983. ^[1]

Maoist activities

Lohardaga has been identified as an “A” grade highly Maoist infested district. Kuru, Bhandra, Kairo, Kisko, Jowang and Senha police stations are totally affected and Lohardaga police station is partially affected. The Maoist outfits are mainly interested in extorting the bauxite mining and transport industry. The police force has been trained to take on the Maoist outfits and has been extending support at important points. Lohardaga has lost one Superintendent of Police, Ajay Kumar Singh, IPS in the anti-insurgency operations. ^[2]

Geography

Peshrar is located at 23°37′59″N84°34′12″E / 23.6330°N 84.5699°E / 23.6330; 84.5699 .

Lohardaga district consists of two broad physiographic divisions – the hilly tract and the plateau region. The hilly tract extends over the western and north-western parts of the district. The high hill tops of this region are known as pat. The plateau region is a part of the Gumla Plateau, which lies in the southern portion of Chota Nagpur Plateau. Lohardaga and Bhandra CD blocks are entirely in the plateau region. Other administrative areas, such as Kisko, Senha and Kuru CD blocks are partly in the plateau region and partly in the hilly tract. ^[3]

Peshrar CD block is bounded by the Latehar CD block in Latehar district on the north, Kisko and Senha CD blocks on the east, Ghaghra CD block in Gumla district on the south and Bishunpur CD block in Gumla district and Garu CD block in Latehar district on the west. ^{[4] [5] [6]}

Peshrar CD block has an area of 384.38 km². ^[7] Pesrar police station serves Peshrar CD block. ^[8] The headquarters of Peshrar CD block is located at Peshrar village. ^[9]

Demographics

Population

According to the 2011 Census of India, Peshrar CD block had a total population of 31,057, all of which were rural. There were 15,764 (51%) males and 15,293 (49%) females. Population in the age range 0-6 years was 6,191. Scheduled Castes numbered 1,173 (3.78%) and Scheduled Tribes numbered 25,641 (82.56%). ^[7]

Literacy

According to the 2011 census, the total number of literate persons in Peshrar CD block was 13,490 (54.25% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 8,448 (66.66% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 5,042 (38.22% of the female population over 6 years). The gender disparity (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 28.44%. ^[7]

As of 2011 ^[update] census, literacy in Lohardaga district was 78.62%. Literacy in Jharkhand was 67.63% in 2011. ^[10] Literacy in India in 2011 was 74.04%. ^[11]

See also – List of Jharkhand districts ranked by literacy rate

Literacy in CD Blocks of Lohardaga district
Lohardaga subdivision
Kisko – 64.54%
Peshrar – 54.25%
Kuru – 67.36%
Kairo – 64.36%
Lohardaga – 67.73%
Senha – 66.06%
Bhandra block – 63.27%
Source: 2011 Census: CD block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data

Language and religion

According to the District Census Handbook, Lohardaga, 2011 census, “the distribution of different mother tongues (languages mentioned under 8th Schedule of Constitution of India) as returned during the 2001 Census for Lohardaga district was” Kurukh (42.15%), Hindi (39.66%), Urdu (16.46%) and other languages 1.73%. ^[12]

According to the Population by Mother Tongue in the 2011 Census of India, 38.96% of the population in the Lohardaga district spoke Kurukh, 33.17% Sadri, 13.87% Urdu, 12.5% Hindi and other languages 1.50% as their first language. ^[13]

Hindi is the official language in Jharkhand and Urdu has been declared as an additional official language. ^[14]

According to the District Census Handbook, Lohardanga, 2011 census, ‘Other Religions and Persuasions’ formed 47.2% of the population, followed by Hindus (28.6%), Muslims (20.1%), Christians (4.0%). ^[15]

The Oraon people dominate in Lohardaga district. In the 2001 census they numbered 164,379 and formed 80.95% of the Scheduled Tribes population, who in turn constituted 55.70% of the population in the district. The Lohras formed 4.79% of the ST population. ^[16]

Rural poverty

70-80% of the population of Lohardaga district were in the BPL category in 2004–2005. ^[17] In 2011-12, the proportion of BPL population in Lohardaga district came down to 38.0%. ^[18] According to a study in 2013 (modified in 2019), "the incidence of poverty in Jharkhand is estimated at 46%, but 60% of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes are still below poverty line." ^[19]

Economy

Livelihood

Livelihood
in Peshrar CD block

  Cultivators (54.64%)

  Agricultural labourers (34.54%)

  Household industries (4.49%)

  Other Workers (6.33%)

In Peshrar CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 8,741 and formed 54.64%, agricultural labourers numbered 5,525 and formed 34.54%, household industry workers numbered 719 and formed 4.49% and other workers numbered 1,012 and formed 6.33%. Total workers numbered 15,997 and formed 51.51% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 15,060 and formed 48.49% of the population. ^[20]

Infrastructure

There are 73 inhabited villages in Peshrar CD block. In 2011, 20 villages had power supply. 3 villages had tap water (treated/ untreated), 73 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 62 villages had hand pumps, and all villages have drinking water facility. 5 villages had post offices, 4 villages had sub post offices, 4 villages had mobile phone coverage. 73 villages had pucca (paved) village roads, 1 village had auto/ modified auto, 8 villages had taxi/vans, 7 villages had tractors. 1 village had a bank branch, 15 villages had public distribution system, 21 villages had assembly polling stations. ^[21]

Agriculture

Large areas of the district were earlier covered with forests. With gradual deforestation, more land is being brought under cultivation. At present around 32-35% of the total area is covered with forests. Rice is grown in the terraced lowlands called don. In the uplands called tanr, a coarse form of rice, millets, pulses and oil seeds are grown. Agriculture is mostly monsoon-dependent. “The wells, springs and ahars are the only traditional sources of irrigation. The average land holding per household is 1.65 Ha. The per capita agriculture land is around 0.28 Ha. Net irrigated area is 13.4% of net sown area”. ^[22]

Bauxite

Bauxite is the raw material from which aluminium is produced. Lohardaga district has large reserves of world class bauxite across Pakhar, Hisari, Rudhali Pat, Khamar Pat and the mining area also extends to neighbouring districts. The district has approval of mining of approximately 11 lakh tones of bauxite mineral in a year. Hindalco Industries Ltd has 7 mining leases out of 9 active mines in Lohardaga district which supplies bauxite to Hindalco’s aluminium plants at Muri and Renukoot. ^{[23] [24]} A ropeway connecting Bagru mines and Lohardaga has been a popular tourist attraction. ^[25]

Backward Regions Grant Fund

Lohardaga district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the Backward Regions Grant Fund. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 21 districts of Jharkhand. ^{[26] [27]}

Education

Peshrar CD block had 15 villages with pre-primary schools, 68 villages with primary schools, 22 villages with middle schools, 2 villages with secondary schools, 3 villages with no educational facilities. ^[28]
.*Senior secondary schools are also known as Inter colleges in Jharkhand

Healthcare

Peshrar CD block had 2 villages with primary health centres, 5 villages with primary health subcentres, 3 villages with maternity and child welfare centres, 1 village with allopathic hospital. ^[28]
.*Private medical practitioners, alternative medicine etc. not included

References

1. "Lohardaga, About District, History". District administration. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
2. "District Police Profile Lohardaga". Security Scenario. Jharkhand Police. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
3. "District Census Handbook, Lohardaga, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Page 9: Physical features. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
4. "Lohardaga CD block/ Tehsil map". Maps of India. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
5. "Latehar CD block/ Tehsil map". Maps of India. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
6. "Gumla CD block/ Tehsil map". Maps of India. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
7. "District Census Handbook, Lohardaga, Series 21, Part XII B" (PDF). Page 27: District primary census abstract, 2011 census. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
8. "District Police Profile - Lohardaga". Jharkhand Police. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
9. "District Census Handbook, Lohardaga, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Map of Lohardaga district on the fifth page. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
10. "Provisional Population Totals Paper 1 of 2011: Jharkhand". Provisional Population Totals, Literacy Rate in 2011 column. Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Government of India. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
11. "Ranking of states and union territories by literacy rate: 2011" (PDF). Page 110. Government of India. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
12. "District Census Handbook Lohardaga, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census" (PDF). page 21: Note on Mother Tongue. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
13. "2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue". Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
14. "Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013)" (PDF). Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India. p. 35. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 July 2016. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
15. "District Census Handbook Lohardaga, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census" (PDF). page 21: Note on Religion. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
16. "District Census Handbook Lohardaga, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census" (PDF). page 22: Note on important SCs and STs in the district of Lohardaga during 2001 Census. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
17. "Rural Poverty in Jharkhand, India" (PDF). Table I: Spatial Distribution of Poverty in Jharkhand. Munich Personal RePEc Archive. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
18. "Spatial poverty in Jharkhand". Mint. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
19. "Rural Poverty in Jharkhand, India: An Empirical Study based on Panel Data". MPRA. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
20. "District Census Handbook 2011 Lohardaga, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Tables 30 and 33, pages 40 and 44. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
21. "District Census Handbook, Lohardaga, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Pages 201-202, Appendix I: Village Directory. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
22. "District Census Handbook Lohardaga, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Page 10. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
23. "Lohardaga, Mines and Minerals". District administration. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
24. "District Census Handbook Lohardaga, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Page 10. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
25. "District Census Handbook Lohardaga, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Title feature on the seventh page. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
26. "Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines" (PDF). Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 October 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
27. "Backward Regions Grant Fund". Press Release, 14 June 2012. Press Information Bureau, Government of India. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
28. "District Census Handbook Lohardaga, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Pages 201-202. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 4 October 2021.