Chanho block

Chanho
Community development block
Chanho Location in Jharkhand Show map of Jharkhand Chanho Chanho (India) Show map of India
Coordinates: 23°31′N84°57′E / 23.51°N 84.95°E / 23.51; 84.95 Coordinates: 23°31′N84°57′E / 23.51°N 84.95°E / 23.51; 84.95
Country	India
State	Jharkhand
District	Ranchi
Government
• Type	Federal democracy
Area
• Total	272.80 km2 (105.33 sq mi)
Population  (2011)
• Total	107,503
• Density	390/km2 (1,000/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN	835239
Telephone/ STD code	06351
Literacy	73.00%
Lok Sabha constituency	Lohardaga
Vidhan Sabha constituency	Mandar
Website	ranchi.nic.in

Chanho block is a community development block in the Ranchi Sadar subdivision of Ranchi district in the Indian state of Jharkhand.

Maoist activities, dissent

Jharkhand is one of the states affected by Maoist activities. As of 2012 ^[update] , Ranchi district was among the highly affected districts in the state. ^[1] "Areas of Tamar, Bundu, Sonahatu, Angarha, Sikidari Police Stations and Rahe O.P. have been widely affected by activities of CPI (Maoist) group till the end of year 2009. At the end of year 2010, The activities of CPI (Maoist) group has been minimized up to almost zero level." ^[2]

According to the Jharkhand Police spokesperson and Inspector General (IG) Saket Singh, as reported on 8 December 2020, "The activities of CPI-Maoist are now confined to small pockets in the state because of our efforts." Civilian fatalities, a key index of security in a region, declined from 20 in 2019, to 8 in 2020, the lowest in this category since 2000, when there were 13 such fatalities. The 28 total fatalities recorded in 2020 are also the lowest overall fatalities recorded in the state in a year since 2000, when they stood at 36. ^[3]

Ranchi being the capital city of the state has always been under minute scrutiny of all. ^[4] The arrest, from his home in Ranchi on 9 October 2020, by the NIA, of 83-years old Rev. Fr. Stan Swamy, S.J., Jesuit priest and activist, working with tribals for decades, and his subsequent death in custody, in a Mumbai hospital, on 5 July 2021, has been widely discussed. ^{[5] [6] [7] [8]}

Geography

Chanho is located at 23°31′N84°57′E / 23.51°N 84.95°E / 23.51; 84.95 '

Chanho CD block is located on the Ranchi plateau proper. It has an average elevation of 2,140 feet (650 m) above mean sea level and the land is undulating. ^[9]

Chanho CD block is bounded by the Khelari CD block on the north, Burmu CD block on the east, Mandar and Bero CD blocks on the south and Kuru and Kairo CD blocks in Lohardaga district and Chandwa CD block in Latehar district on the west. ^{[10] [11] [12]}

Chanho CD block has an area of 272.80 km². ^[13] Chanho police station serves Chano CD block. ^[14] The headquarters of Chano CD block is located at Chanho village. ^[15]

Demographics

Population

According to the 2011 Census of India, Chanho CD block had a total population of 107,503, all of which were rural. There were 54,283 (50%) males and 53,220 (50%) females. Population in the age range 0-6 years was 17,712. Scheduled Castes numbered 2,171 (2.02 %) and Scheduled Tribes numbered 57,608 (53.59%). ^[13]

The percentage of Scheduled Tribes in Ranchi district, in 2011, was 47.67% of the population (rural) in the blocks. ^[16] The percentage of Scheduled Tribes, numbering 1,042,016, in the total population of Ranchi district numbering 2,914,253 in 2011, was 35.76%. The Oraons forming 18.20% of the population and the Mundas forming 10.30% of the population, were the main tribes. Other tribes included (percentage of population in brackets) Lohra (2.46), Bedia (1.32) and Mahli (1.09). ^[17]

Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Chanho CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Balsokra (5,518), Patratu (5,941) and Choreya (4,994). ^[18]

Literacy

As of 2011 ^[update] census, the total number of literate persons in Chanho CD block was 47,911 (73.00% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 27,129 (81.72% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 20,782 (64.08% of the female population over 6 years). The gender disparity (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 17.64%. ^[13]

As of 2011 ^[update] census, literacy in Ranchi district was 77.13%. Literacy in Jharkhand was 67.63% in 2011. ^[19] Literacy in India in 2011 was 74.04%. ^[20]

See also – List of Jharkhand districts ranked by literacy rate

Literacy in CD Blocks of Ranchi district
Ranchi Sadar subdivision
Burmu – 64.54%
Khelari – 74.83%
Kanke – 73.75%
Ormanjhi – 67.53%
Silli – 73.73%
Angara – 64.92%
Namkum – 73.72%
Ratu – 73.00%
Nagri – 71.59%
Mandar – 67.63%
Chanho – 66.81%
Bero – 67.49%
Itki – 73.58%
Lapung – 60.29%
Bundu subdivision
Rahe – 69.19%
Bundu – 66.38%
Sonahatu – 66.04%
Tamar – 62.76%
Source: 2011 Census: CD block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data

Language and religion

According to the District Census Handbook, Ranchi, 2011 census, as of 2001, Nagpuria was the mother-tongue of 608,856 persons forming 20.89% of the population of Ranchi district, followed by Hindi 528,989 persons (18.15%), Mundari 432,541 persons (14.84%) and other languages (with no details) 1,343,867 persons (46.11%). ^[21]

According to the Population by Mother Tongue in the 2011 Census of India, 30.23% of the population in the Ranchi district spoke Sadri, 28.08% Hindi, 8.55% Urdu, 7.52% Kurukh, 7.24% Kurmali, 4.79% Santali, 4.70% Mundari, 2.51% Bengali, 2.17% Bhojpuri and 1.17% Magahi as their first language. ^[22]

Hindi is the official language in Jharkhand and Urdu has been declared as an additional official language. ^[23]

According to the District Census Handbook, Ranchi, 2011 census, Hindus numbered 1,612,239 and formed 55.32% of the population of Ranchi district, followed by Muslims 410,759 (14.09%), Christians 193,974 (6.66%), other religions 685,936 (23.54), religion not stated 11,345 (0.39%). ^[24]

Rural poverty

60-70% of the population of Ranchi district were in the BPL category in 2004–2005. ^[25] In 2011-12, the proportion of BPL population in Ranchi district came down to 27.82%. ^[26] According to a study in 2013 (modified in 2019), "the incidence of poverty in Jharkhand is estimated at 46%, but 60% of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes are still below poverty line." ^[27]

Economy

Livelihood

Livelihood
in Chanho CD block

  Cultivators (58.10%)

  Agricultural labourers (29.91%)

  Household industries (1.75%)

  Other Workers (10.24%)

In Chanho CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 27,385 and formed 58.10%, agricultural labourers numbered 14,097 and formed 29.91%, household industry workers numbered 827 and formed 1.75% and other workers numbered 4,829 and formed 10.24%. Total workers numbered 47,138 and formed 43.85% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 60,365 and formed 56.15% of the population. ^[28]

Infrastructure

There are 67 inhabited villages in Chanho CD block. In 2011, 15 villages had power supply. 1 village had tap water (treated/ untreated), 67 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 67 villages had hand pumps, and all villages have drinking water facility. 8 villages had post offices, 7 villages had sub post offices, 3 villages had telephones (land lines), 47 villages had mobile phone coverage. 59 villages had pucca (paved) village roads, 17 villages had bus service (public/ private), 14 villages had autos/ modified autos, 4 villages had taxi/vans, 2 villages had tractors. 3 villages had bank branches, 6 villages had agricultural credit societies, 7 villages had public distribution system, 58 villages had assembly polling stations. ^[29]

Agriculture

In Ranchi district, 23% of the total area is covered with forests. "With the gradual deforestation of the district, more and more land is being brought under cultivation." Terraced low lands are called don and the uplands are called tanr. The hill streams remain almost dry, except in the rainy season, and does not offer much scope for irrigation. ^[30]

In Chanho CD block, 35.44% of the total area was cultivable, in 2011. Out of this, 10.51% was irrigated land. ^[31]

Backward Regions Grant Fund

Ranchi district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the Backward Regions Grant Fund. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 21 districts of Jharkhand. ^{[32] [33]}

Transport

National Highway 39 (Ranchi-Daltonganj), an important roadway in Ranchi district, passes through Chanho block. ^{[34] [35]}

Education

Chanho CD block had 3 villages with pre-primary schools, 65 villages with primary schools, 33 villages with middle schools, 9 villages with secondary schools, 3 villages with senior secondary schools, 2 villages with no educational facilities. ^[36]
.*Senior secondary schools are also known as Inter colleges in Jharkhand

Healthcare

Chanho CD block had 4 villages with primary health centres, 20 villages with primary health subcentres, 3 villages with maternity and child welfare centres, 5 villages with allopathic hospitals, 8 villages with dispensaries, 5 villages with family welfare centres, 6 villages with medicine shops. ^[36]

Government hospital and private hospital also here present.

.*Private medical practitioners, alternative medicine etc. not included

References

1. "Jharkhand Assessment 2013". Satp. Retrieved 4 September 2021.
2. "District Police Profile Ranchi". Crime Trends – Specially Organised Crime Rural Area. Jharkhand Police. Retrieved 4 September 2021.
3. "Jharkhand: Dying Embers". India Blooms. Retrieved 4 September 2021.
4. "District Police Profile - Ranchi". SP’s message and vision. Jharkhand Police. Retrieved 4 September 2021.
5. "NIA court to pass order on Stan Swamy bail on March 22". The Hindu. 16 March 2021 – via www.thehindu.com.
6. Regi, Anjali (9 October 2020). "Fr. Stan Swamy arrested: Widespread protest". Catholic Focus. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
7. "Elgar Parishad Case: Activist Stan Swamy, 84, Passes Away Ahead of Hearing on Bail Plea". News18. 5 July 2021. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
8. "'Distressed, troubled': Ranchi Catholic Church issues statement on Stan Swamy's arrest, demands his release". The Indian Express, 9 October 2020. Retrieved 4 September 2021.
9. "District Census Handbook Ranchi, Series 21 Part XII A, Census of India 2011" (PDF). Page 9: Administrative Setup, Page 10: Physiography. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
10. "Ranchi CD block/ Tehsil map". Maps of India. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
11. "Lohardaga CD block/ Tehsil map". Maps of India. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
12. "Latehar CD blocks/ Tehsil map". Maps of India. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
13. "District Census Handbook, Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII B" (PDF). Page 28: District primary census abstract, 2011 census. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
14. "District Police Profile - Ranchi". Jharkhand Police. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
15. "District Census Handbook, Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Map of Ranchi district on the third page. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
16. "District Census Handbook, Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Page 56, Table 14: Number and percentage of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes (rural) population in CD Blocks, 2011. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
17. "District Census Handbook, Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Pages 39-40: Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes of Cenus 2011. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
18. "District Census Handbook, Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII B" (PDF). Page 250, 256. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
19. "Provisional Population Totals Paper 1 of 2011: Jharkhand". Sr. No. 5, Sheet 2. Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Government of India. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
20. "Ranking of states and union territories by literacy rate: 2011" (PDF). Page 110. Government of India. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
21. "District Census Handbook Ranchi, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census" (PDF). page 39: Mother tongue of earlier census. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
22. 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue
23. "Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013)" (PDF). Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India. p. 35. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 July 2016. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
24. "District Census Handbook Ranchi, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census" (PDF). page 39: Religion data of Ranchi district during census 2011. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
25. "Rural Poverty in Jharkhand, India" (PDF). Table I: Spatial Distribution of Poverty in Jharkhand. Munich Personal RePEc Archive. Retrieved 1 September 2021.
26. "Spatial poverty in Jharkhand". Mint. Retrieved 1 September 2021.
27. "Rural Poverty in Jharkhand, India: An Empirical Study based on Panel Data". MPRA. Retrieved 1 September 2021.
28. "District Census Handbook 2011 Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Tables 30 and 33, pages 67 and 71. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 1 September 2021.
29. "District Census Handbook, Ranchi, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Pages 595-598, Appendix I: Village Directory. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 2 September 2021.
30. "District Census Handbook, Ranchi, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Page 11:Forestry and Flora and Fauna, Page12: Soil and Cropping, Land and Land use pattern, tenancy and agriculture, Page 13: Irrigation. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 2 September 2021.
31. "District Census Handbook, Ranchi, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Page 84, Table 41: Distribution of villages according to land use. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 2 September 2021.
32. "Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines" (PDF). Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 October 2017. Retrieved 3 September 2021.
33. "Backward Regions Grant Fund". Press Release, 14 June 2012. Press Information Bureau, Government of India. Retrieved 3 September 2021.
34. "District Census Handbook Ranchi, Census of India 2011, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Page 15 Transport. Directorate of census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
35. Google maps
36. "District Census Handbook Ranchi, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Pages 595-596. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 3 September 2021.