Bharno block

Not to be confused with Bermo block.

Bharno
Community development block
Bharno Location in Jharkhand Show map of Jharkhand Bharno Bharno (India) Show map of India
Coordinates: 23°14′46″N84°53′11″E / 23.246224°N 84.886267°E / 23.246224; 84.886267
Country	India
State	Jharkhand
District	Gumla
Government
• Type	Federal democracy
Area
• Total	299.87 km2 (115.78 sq mi)
Population  (2011)
• Total	84,572
• Density	280/km2 (730/sq mi)
Languages
• Official	Hindi, Urdu
Time zone	UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN	835203
Telephone/STD code	06529
Vehicle registration	JH 07
Literacy	58.24%
Lok Sabha constituency	Lohardaga
Vidhan Sabha constituency	Sisai
Website	gumla.nic.in

Bharno block is a CD block that forms an administrative division in the Gumla subdivision of Gumla district, in the Indian state of Jharkhand.

History

Gumla became a subdivision of Ranchi district in 1902 and it became a separate district in 1983. Simdega district was carved out of Gumla district in 2011. Subsequently, Gumla district was divided into three subdivisions – Gumla Sadar subdivision (with Gumla, Ghaghra, Bharno, Bishunpur, Raidih and Sisia blocks), Basia subdivision (with Palkot, Basia and Kamdara blocks), and Chainpur subdivision (with Chainpur, Albert Ekka (Jari) and Dumri blocks). ^[1]

Maoist activities

The Maoist insurgency started spreading around the mid-1990s and poses a big challenge to peace and development of the district. It “is involved in abduction, extortion, extortion killings.” The banned organisation is active largely in the eastern part of the district mainly in Kamadara, Basia, Palkot, Gumla, Raidih, Sisai and Bharno police stations. In order to counter the activities of the insurgents, arms, ammunition and security equipment have been provided in every police station. It includes bullet-proof and landmine-proof vehicles. ^[2]

Geography

In the southern portion of Gumla district, there are flat topped hills called pat, with an elevation ranging from 2,500 feet to 3,000 feet. The pat region is spread across Bishunpur, Chainpur and Ghaghra CD blocks. The highest areas are Netarhat pat (3,356 ft), Lamiti pat (3,777 ft) and Galgat pat (3,823 ft). The rest of the district occupies a part of the Ranchi Plateau with an average elevation of 2,300 feet. ^{[3] [4]}

Three major rivers flowing through Gumla district are North Koel River, South Koel River and Sankh River. ^[5]

Bharno CD block is bounded by Bhandra CD block in Lohardaga district on the north, Bero and Lapung CD blocks in Ranchi district on the east, Kamdara and Basia blocks on the south, and Sisai CD block on the west. ^{[6] [7] [8]}

Bharno CD block has an area of 299.87 km². ^[9] Bharno police station serves Bherno CD block. ^[10] The headquarters of Bherno CD block is located at Bharno village. ^[11]

Demographics

Population

According to the 2011 Census of India, Bharno CD block had a total population of 84,572, all of which were rural. There were 42,355 (50%) males and 42,217 (50%) females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 14,845. Scheduled Castes numbered 1,297 (1.53%) and Scheduled Tribes numbered 62,451 (73.83%). ^[9]

Literacy

According to the 2011 census, the total number of literate persons in Bharno CD block was 40,612 (58.24% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 24,094 (69.38% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 16,518 (47.19% of the female population over 6 years). The gender disparity (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 22.19%. ^[9]

As of 2011 ^[update] census, literacy in Gumla district was 66.92%. Literacy in Jharkhand was 67.63% in 2011. ^[12] Literacy in India in 2011 was 74.04%. ^[13]

See also – List of Jharkhand districts ranked by literacy rate

Literacy in CD Blocks of Gumla district
Gumla Sadar subdivision
Gumla – 72.28%
Ghaghra – 57.56%
Bharno – 58.24%
Bishunpur – 57.95%
Raidih – 68.98%
Sisai – 63.06%
Basia subdivision
Palkot – 61.55
Kamdara – 68.51%
Basia – 67.66%
Chainpur subdivision
Chainpur –71.22%
Dumri – 69.83%
Albert Ekka (Jari) –71.43%
Source: 2011 Census: CD block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data

Language and religion

Religions in Bharno block (2011) [14]
Religion			Percent
Sarna			65.11%
Hinduism			21.30%
Islam			7.34%
Christianity			5.63%
Other or not stated			0.62%

According to the Population by Religious Communities 2011 data, in the Bharno subdistrict, ‘Other religious communities’ numbered 55,069 and formed 65.11% of the population, followed by (number of persons and percentage of population in brackets) Hindus 18,018/ 21.30%), Muslims (6,208/ 7.34%), Christians (4,760/ 5.63%), and persons who did not state their religion (506/ 0.60%) ). ^[15]

Scheduled Tribes numbered 706,754 and formed 68.94% of the total population of Gumla district. Within the scheduled tribes the more populous tribes were (percentage of ST population in 2011 in brackets): Oraon, Dhangars (62.63%), Munda, Patars (11.70%), Kharia, Dhelki Kharia, Dudh Kharia, Hill Kharia (9.07%), Lohras (5.77%) and Chik Baraik (2.57%). ^[16]

Languages in Bharno block (2011)

   Sadri (61.37%)

   Kurukh (27.83%)

   Hindi (5.20%)

   Urdu (2.52%)

   Mundari (2.27%)

  Other (0.81%)

According to the Population by Mother Tongue 2011 data, in the Bharno subdistrict, Hindi was the mother-tongue of 56,424 persons forming 66.72% of the population, followed by (number of persons and percentage of population in brackets) Kurukh (23,536/ 27.83%), Urdu (2,130/ 2.52%), Mundari (1,896/ 2.24%), Kharia (385/ 0.46%), and persons with other languages as mother-tongue (200/ 0.24%). Persons with Hindi as mother-tongue included 12,967 persons having Sadri/ Sadan, 38,934 persons having Nagpuri as mother-tongue. ^[17]

Note: An attempt has been made to include all language groups each with at least 300 persons as their mother-tongue and only those groups with less than 300 persons as their mother-tongue in the census data are normally included in the “other languages” category. Comparatively smaller language groups with 200+ persons as their mother-tongue are mentioned in the text. Many languages have sub-groups. Those who are interested can see the reference for more details.

Hindi is the official language in Jharkhand and Urdu has been declared as an additional official language. ^[18]

Economy

Overview

80% and over of the population of Gumla district were in the BPL category in 2004–2005. ^[19] In 2011–12, the proportion of BPL population in Gumla district came down to 36.75%. ^[20] According to a study in 2013 (modified in 2019), "the incidence of poverty in Jharkhand is estimated at 46%, but 60% of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes are still below poverty line." ^[21]

Livelihood

Livelihood
in Bharno CD block

  Cultivators (67.97%)

  Agricultural labourers (22.58%)

  Household industries (2.18%)

  Other Workers (7.26%)

In Bharno CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 25,310 and formed 67.97%, agricultural labourers numbered 8,409 and formed 22.58%, household industry workers numbered 813 and formed 2.18% and other workers numbered 2,703 and formed 7.26%. Total workers numbered 37,325 and formed 44.03% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 47,337 and formed 55.97% of the population. ^[22]

Infrastructure

There are 69 inhabited villages in Bharno CD block. In 2011, 54 villages had power supply. 1 village had tap water (treated/ untreated), 69 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 69 villages had hand pumps, and all villages have drinking water facility. 4 villages had post offices, 11 villages had sub post offices, 2 villages had telephones (land lines), 43 villages had mobile phone coverage. 69 villages had pucca (paved) village roads, 13 villages had bus service (public/ private), 11 villages had autos/ modified autos, 6 villages had taxi/ vans, 16 villages had tractors. 3 villages had bank branches, 31 villages had public distribution system, 26 villages had assembly polling stations. ^[23]

Agriculture

In Gumla district, only three CD blocks, namely Sisai, Bharno and Kamdara, have plain lands. Rest of the district is mostly undulating in nature. Forests cover around 27% of the total area. About 35% of the total geographical area of the district is under cultivation. Out of 3.296 lakh hectare cultivable lands, only 22,056 hectare of land is under assured irrigation coverage. “The main economy of the village depends upon agriculture, forest produce, cattle development, and other labour activities...” About 70% farmers belong to the small and marginal category and have small plots scattered all around. Percentages of landless farmers are negligible. ^[24]

Backward Regions Grant Fund

Gumla district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the Backward Regions Grant Fund. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 21 districts of Jharkhand. ^{[25] [26]}

Education

Bharno CD block had 21 villages with pre-primary schools, 66 villages with primary schools, 38 villages with middle schools, 13 villages with secondary schools, 10 villages with senior secondary schools, 2 villages had no educational facility. ^[27]
.*Senior secondary schools are also known as Inter colleges in Jharkhand

Healthcare

Bharno CD block had 5 villages with primary health centres, 15 villages with primary health subcentres, 5 villages with maternity and child welfare centres, 3 villages with allopathic hospitals, 2 villages with dispensaries, 1 village with veterinary hospital, 1 village with family welfare centre. ^[27]
.*Private medical practitioners, alternative medicine etc. not included

References

1. "Gumla". About district/ Administrative Set-up/ Subdivision. Gumla district authorities. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
2. "District Police Profile Gumla". Security Scenario. Jharkhand Police. Archived from the original on 5 October 2021. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
3. "District Census Handbook, Gumla, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). page 7: Natural Divisions. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
4. "Chota Nagpur plateau". Britannica. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
5. "District Gumla Backward Region Grant Fund, Annual Action Plan 2011-12" (PDF). page 6. District administration - Gumla. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
6. "Gumla CD block/ Tehsil map". Maps of India. Retrieved 6 October 2021.
7. "Lohardaga CD block/ Tehsil map". Maps of India. Retrieved 6 October 2021.
8. "Ranchi CD block/ Tehsil map". Maps of India. Retrieved 6 October 2021.
9. "District Census Handbook, Gumla, Series 21, Part XII B" (PDF). Pages 26-27: District primary census abstract, 2011 census. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
10. "District Police Profile - Gumla". Jharkhand Police. Archived from the original on 5 October 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
11. "District Census Handbook, Gumla, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Map of Gumla district on the fifth page. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
12. "Provisional Population Totals Paper 1 of 2011: Jharkhand". Provisional Population Totals, Literacy Rate in 2011 column. Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Government of India. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
13. "Ranking of states and union territories by literacy rate: 2011" (PDF). Page 110. Government of India. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
14. "Table C-01 Population By Religion: Jharkhand". census.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
15. "C1 Population by Religious Community 2011". 2011 Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
16. "District Census Handbook Lohardaga, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census" (PDF). page 31: Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
17. "C-16 Population by Mother Tongue". Census of India 2011. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
18. "Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013)" (PDF). Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India. p. 35. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 July 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
19. "Rural Poverty in Jharkhand, India" (PDF). Table I: Spatial Distribution of Poverty in Jharkhand. Munich Personal RePEc Archive. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
20. "Spatial poverty in Jharkhand". Mint. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
21. "Rural Poverty in Jharkhand, India: An Empirical Study based on Panel Data". MPRA. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
22. "District Census Handbook 2011 Gumla, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Tables 30 and 33, pages 51 and 54. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
23. "District Census Handbook, Gumla, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Pages 446-448, Appendix I: Village Directory. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
24. "District Gumla Backward Region Grant Fund, Annual Action Plan 2011-12" (PDF). pages 6, 9. District administration - Gumla. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
25. "Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines" (PDF). Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 October 2017. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
26. "Backward Regions Grant Fund". Press Release, 14 June 2012. Press Information Bureau, Government of India. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
27. "District Census Handbook Lohardaga, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Pages 446-448. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 10 October 2021.