Pholidophoridae

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Pholidophoridae
Temporal range: LadinianNorian
Pholidorhynchodon malzannii.JPG
Fossil of Pholidorhynchodon malzanni
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Pholidophoriformes
Family: Pholidophoridae
Woodward, 1890
Genera [1]

Pholidophoridae is an extinct family of primitive stem-teleost fish that lived during the Triassic period. Most of the genera are from the Late Triassic (Carnian and Norian ages) of Europe, but one ( Malingichthys ) is known from the Middle Triassic (Ladinian) of China. [1] The pholidophorids were historically united with several other stem-teleost lineages into the order Pholidophoriformes; however, Pholidophoriformes in its traditional sense is now thought to be paraphyletic with respect to crown group teleosts. [3]

Phylogeny

Below is a cladogram simplified after Bean (2021): [4]

Teleosteomorpha

Pachycormidae

Aspidorhynchidae

Teleostei

Archaeomaenidae

Pholidophoridae

Annaichthys

Pholidophoretes

Malingichthys

Pholidoctenus

Parapholidophorus

Pholidophorus

Lombardichthys

Pholidorhynchodon

Prohalecites

Eurycormus

Ankylophoridae

Ichthyokentema

Dorsetichthys

Leptolepis

Ascalaboidae

Varasichthyidae

Crown group Teleostei

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References

  1. 1 2 Arratia, G. (2017). "New Triassic teleosts (Actinopterygii, Teleosteomorpha) from northern Italy and their phylogenetic relationships among the most basal teleosts". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 37 (2): e1312690. Bibcode:2017JVPal..37E2690A. doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1312690. S2CID   89773927.
  2. Taverne, L. (2018). "The Mesozoic fish genus Pholidophorus (Teleostei, Pholidophoriformes), with an osteological study of the type-species Pholidophorus latiusculus. Comments on some problems concerning the "pholidophoriform" fishes" (PDF). Geo-Eco-Trop. 42 (1): 89–116.
  3. Arratia, G. (2013). "Morphology, taxonomy, and phylogeny of Triassic pholidophorid fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 33 (sup1): 1–138. Bibcode:2013JVPal..33S...1A. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.835642. S2CID   86605978.
  4. Bean, L. B. (2021). "Revision of the Mesozoic freshwater fish clade Archaeomaenidae". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 45 (2): 217–259. doi:10.1080/03115518.2021.1937700. S2CID   237518065.