Phyllonorycter oxyacanthae

Last updated

Phyllonorycter oxyacanthae
Phyllonorycter.oxyacanthae.-.lindsey.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Gracillariidae
Genus: Phyllonorycter
Species:
P. oxyacanthae
Binomial name
Phyllonorycter oxyacanthae
(Frey, 1856)
Synonyms
  • Lithocolletis oxyacanthaeFrey, 1856
  • Phyllonorycter pomonella(Zeller, 1846)

Phyllonorycter oxyacanthae is a moth of the family Gracillariidae found in all of Europe except the Balkan Peninsula. It was described by the German-born Swiss entomologist, Heinrich Frey in 1856. The larvae are known as leaf miners, living inside the leaves of their food plants.

Contents

Description

The wingspan is 6–8 mm. The posterior tarsi with dark fuscous spots. Forewings are golden-brown to dark brown; a white median streak from base to near middle, dark margined above; dorsum narrowly white towards base; four costal and three dorsal white wedge-shaped spots, anteriorly blackish-margined, first costal small, first dorsal long, sometimes interrupted; a blackish apical spot. Hindwings are dark grey. [1] [2]

Similar species

Phyllonorycter sorbi and Phyllonorycter mespilella are close relatives and require genitalia examination to tell apart, alternatively collect the pupa from the food plants. [3]

Ovum

Eggs are laid on the underside of a leaf. [4]

Larvae

Larvae can be found in two generations; July and September to October and are greenish-yellow with a pale brown head. The mine is on the underside of a leaf, usually near an edge or lobe. There are many creases in the epidermis, which strongly contracts, causing the leaf-edge or lobe to fold over. The epidermis remains green, unlike the mines of Parornix anglicella which is smaller and the epidermis is brown. [3] Larvae have been found feeding on Crataegomespilus arnieresi , fireberry hawthorn ( Crataegus chrysocarpa ), hawthorn ( Crataegus monogyna ), small-flowered black hawthorn ( Crataegus pentagyna ), Crataegus rhipidophylla river hawthorn ( Crataegus rivularis ), quince ( Cydonia oblonga ), medlar ( Mespilus germanica ), scarlet firethorn ( Pyracantha coccinea ), common pear ( Pyrus communis ), rowan ( Sorbus aucuparia ) and Sorbus torminalis . [5]

Pupa

Pupae are found in July and from October to May. The winter generation is in a flimsy golden-brown cocoon, while the summer generation is almost without a cocoon and the frass is behind a silken pad at the end of the lobe. [4]

The moth is bivoltine, i.e. two generations in May and August. [6]

Parasitoids

Three parasitoids are known,

Taxonomy

Frey originally called the moth Lithocolletis oxyacantha, from a specimen found in Zurich, Switzerland in 1856. The genus Lithocolletis was raised by Jacob Hübner in 1825 and refers to mosaic work, that is, ″the attractive variegated pattern of the forewings″. The moth was later moved to the genus Phyllonorycter which is Greek for leaf and a digger, referring to a leaf-mine or leaf-miner. The specific name is named after one of the food-plants midland hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha) now known as Crataegus laevigata . [10]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gracillariidae</span> Family of moths

Gracillariidae is an important family of insects in the order Lepidoptera and the principal family of leaf miners that includes several economic, horticultural or recently invasive pest species such as the horse-chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella.

<i>Parornix anglicella</i> Species of moth

Parornix anglicella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae found in Asia and Europe. It was described in 1850, by the English entomologist Henry Tibbats Stainton, from a specimen from Lewisham, Kent.

Stigmella oxyacanthella is a moth of the family Nepticulidae, found in Europe and North America. The larvae are leaf miners feeding inside the leaves of trees and shrubs, such as hawthorn, apple and pear.

<i>Stigmella hybnerella</i> Species of moth

Stigmella hybnerella also known as the greenish thorn pigmy is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It is found in all of Europe, in North Africa, the Near East, and the eastern part of the Palearctic realm. The larvae mine the leaves of trees and shrubs such as hawthorns and rowans.

<i>Stigmella crataegella</i> Species of moth

Stigmella crataegella is a moth of the family Nepticulidae found in Europe. It was described by the Austrian entomologist Josef Wilhelm Klimesch in 1936. The larvae mine the leaves of hawthorns.

<i>Stigmella perpygmaeella</i> Species of moth

Stigmella perpygmaeella is a moth of the family Nepticulidae, found in most of Europe, east to Russia. The larvae mine the leaves of hawthorns.

<i>Phyllonorycter corylifoliella</i> Species of moth

Phyllonorycter corylifoliella, the hawthorn red midget moth, is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is found in all of Europe.

<i>Phyllonorycter mespilella</i> Species of moth

Phyllonorycter mespilella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is found from Germany to the Iberian Peninsula, Sardinia, Italy and the Carpathian Mountains and from Ireland to southern Russia. It also occurs over much of western North America, from California north to British Columbia, and east to Utah and New Mexico.

<i>Phyllonorycter sorbi</i> Species of moth

Phyllonorycter sorbi is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from all of Europe, except the Balkan Peninsula.

Phyllonorycter jozanae is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Hokkaidō island in Japan and from the Russian Far East.

<i>Phyllonorycter albanotella</i> Species of moth

Phyllonorycter albanotella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Ontario and Québec in Canada and Illinois, Kentucky, Ohio, Texas, Maine, Vermont and Connecticut in the United States.

<i>Phyllonorycter caryaealbella</i> Species of moth

Phyllonorycter caryaealbella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Georgia, Kentucky, Wisconsin and Florida in the United States.

<i>Phyllonorycter celtisella</i> Species of moth

Phyllonorycter celtisella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Ontario in Canada and Connecticut, Illinois, Kentucky, Ohio, Oklahoma, and Texas in the United States.

<i>Phyllonorycter lucetiella</i> Species of moth

Phyllonorycter lucetiella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Québec in Canada and Illinois, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Florida, Georgia, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, New York, Vermont, Connecticut and Massachusetts in the United States.

<i>Phyllonorycter symphoricarpaeella</i> Species of moth

Phyllonorycter symphoricarpaeella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Kentucky, Ohio, Texas, California and Maine in the United States.

<i>Phyllonorycter tritaenianella</i> Species of moth

Phyllonorycter tritaenianella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Québec in Canada and Illinois, Kentucky, Maine, Michigan, New York, Connecticut and Massachusetts in the United States.

<i>Phyllonorycter tiliacella</i> Species of moth

Phyllonorycter tiliacella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Canada and the United States.

Phyllonorycter malella, the apple tentiform leafminer, is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia (Altai), Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.

<i>Bucculatrix bechsteinella</i> Species of moth in genus Bucculatrix

Bucculatrix bechsteinella is a moth of the family Bucculatricidae. It was described by Johann Matthäus Bechstein and Georg Ludwig Scharfenberg in 1805. It is found in most of Europe, except Greece and Bulgaria.

<i>Celypha woodiana</i> Species of moth

Celypha woodiana also known as the mistletoe marble is a moth of the family Tortricidae found in Europe. In Great Britain the moth is a priority species in the United Kingdom Biodiversity Action Plan. The species was described by Charles Golding Barrett who named it in honour of John Henry Wood.

References

  1. ↑ Meyrick, E., 1895 A Handbook of British Lepidoptera MacMillan, London pdf PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain . Keys and description
  2. ↑ Kuznetsov V.I., 1990 Gracillariidae ; in G.S. Medvedev (ed.): Keys to the insects of the europaean part of the USSR, Vol.IV: Lepidoptera, part 2 (english translation), Oxonian Press Pvt.Ltd., New Dehli, 1987
  3. 1 2 Smart, Ben (2017). Micro-moth Field Tips. Rishton: Lancashire & Cheshire Fauna Society. p. 207. ISBN   978-1-9997312-0-5.
  4. 1 2 Emmet, A M; Watkinson, I A; Wilson, M R (1985). Gracillaridae. In Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland. Volume 2. Colchester: Harley Books. p. 314–5. ISBN   0-946589-19-4.
  5. ↑ Ellis, W N. "Phyllonorycter oxyacanthae (Frey, 1856) common thorn midget". Plant Parasites of Europe. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
  6. ↑ Kimber, Ian. "15.043 BF323 Phyllonorycter oxyacanthae". UKmoths. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
  7. ↑ Ellis, W N. "Achrysocharoides atys". Plant Parasites of Europe. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
  8. ↑ Ellis, W N. "Sympiesis gordius". Plant Parasites of Europe. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
  9. ↑ Ellis, W N. "Sympiesis sericeicornis". Plant Parasites of Europe. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
  10. ↑ Emmet, A Maitland (1991). The Scientific Names of the British Lepidoptera. Their history and meaning. Colchester: Harley Books. p. 64. ISBN   0-946589-35-6.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.