| Parornix anglicella | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Gracillariidae |
| Genus: | Parornix |
| Species: | P. anglicella |
| Binomial name | |
| Parornix anglicella (Stainton, 1850) | |
| Synonyms | |
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Parornix anglicella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae found in Asia and Europe. It was described in 1850, by the English entomologist Henry Tibbats Stainton, from a specimen from Lewisham, Kent.
The wingspan is 9–11 mm. The head is ochreous-whitish mixed with fuscous. Palpi white, apex of second joint and median band of terminal dark fuscous. Forewings are dark fuscous, irrorated with whitish; numerous costal strigulae, a spot in middle of disc and another posteriorly, and suffused dorsal strigidae interrupted by two blackish spots white; a black apical dot; cilia with three entire dark fuscous lines. Hindwings are grey. The larva is pale greenish-grey; dorsal line darker; spots pale; head pale greenish-brown; segment 2 with four black spots. [1] Adults are on the wing in two generations in April and May and again in August. [2]
Eggs are laid on the underside of the leaves of hawthorns ( Crataegus species), but have also been recorded on medlar ( Mespilus germanica ), rowan ( Sorbus aucuparia ), wild service tree ( Sorbus torminalis ) and strawberries ( Fragaria species). [3]
Feeding starts in a gallery in the epidermis, which leads to a leaf margin and develops into a blotch in the second instar. In the next phase the larva eats through to the upper epidermis, puckers the leaf and the epidermis turns brown and the frass is at one end of the mine. It is distinguished from a Phyllonorycter oxyacanthae mine, by the smaller size and the lower epidermis stays green. After leaving the mine two or more cones are made by folding the leaves downwards in the manner of a Caloptilia rather than other Parornix. Occupied mines can be found from July to September. [3] [4]
The pupa is pale-yellow-brown in a whitish cocoon, sometimes spun under a narrowly folded edge of a leaf, or in leaf-litter or an old bird's nest. Pupation takes place in July-August and September to late-April.
It is widespread in: Europe including Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Britain, Bulgaria, Croatia, Corsica, Czech Republic, Danish mainland, Estonia, Finland, French mainland, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italian mainland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Norwegian mainland, Poland, Portuguese mainland, Romania, central and northern Russia, Sardinia, Serbia, Sicily, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Netherlands, Ukraine. Outside Europe it is recorded from the Near East and Nearctic realm.
The genus Paronix comes from para, meaning alongside and ornix named after the genus Ornix Treitschke, 1833, which refers to ornis, a bird. The genus Ornix originally included a wide range of feathery-winged microlepidoptera in the Coleophoridae and the Gracillariidae. Ornix was an early synonym of the genus Coleophora as a number of moths were name after birds. The feathery-winged moths were later restricted to Paronix. The specific name anglicella refers to Anglicus i.e. English; the type locality is from England. [5]
Dyseriocrania subpurpurella is a diurnal moth from the family Eriocraniidae, found in most of Europe. The moth was first named by the English entomologist, Adrian Hardy Haworth in 1828.
Prays fraxinella, also known as the ash bud moth, is a moth of the family Plutellidae found in Europe. The larvae are leaf miners, feeding on the leaves and buds of ash trees.
Eriocrania sangii, the large birch purple, is a moth of the family Eriocraniidae found in Europe and described by John Henry Wood in 1891. The moth can be found flying in sunshine around birch trees and the larvae feed on birch leaves.
Eriocrania sparrmannella also known as the mottled purple is a moth of the family Eriocraniidae, found in Europe and Japan. It was first described by the French entomologist, Louis Augustin Guillaume Bosc in 1791. The specific name honours the Swedish naturalist Anders Erikson Sparrman. The larvae mine the leaves of birch.
Eriocrania unimaculella is a moth of the family Eriocraniidae found in Europe. It was first described by the Swedish naturalist Johan Wilhelm Zetterstedt in 1839. The larvae feed inside the leaves of birch, making a mine.
Stigmella microtheriella is a moth of the family Nepticulidae, found in Asia, Europe and New Zealand. The larvae mine the leaves of hazel and hornbeams. It was described by the English entomologist, Henry Tibbats Stainton in 1854 from a type specimen found in England.
Stigmella plagicolella is a moth of the family Nepticulidae described by Henry Tibbats Stainton in 1854. It is found in all of Europe and the Near East.
Stigmella aurella is a moth of the family Nepticulidae found in Africa, Asia and Europe. It was first described by the Danish zoologist, Johan Christian Fabricius in 1775. The larvae are leaf miners.
Stigmella sorbi is a moth of the family Nepticulidae, described by Henry Tibbats Stainton in 1861. It is found in most of Europe, east to the eastern part of the Palearctic realm.
Stigmella salicis is a moth of the family Nepticulidae which is found in Europe. It was first described by the English entomologist, Henry Stainton in 1854. The type locality is from England.
Schreckensteinia festaliella, the blackberry skeletonizer, is a moth of the family Schreckensteiniidae first described by Jacob Hübner in 1819. It is found in the Palearctic including Europe and has been introduced to North America
Ectoedemia intimella is a moth of the family Nepticulidae which is found in Europe. It flies in June and July and the larva mine the leaves of willows from July to November.
Enteucha acetosae, the pygmy sorrel moth, is a moth of the family Nepticulidae found in Europe. It is one of the smallest moths in the world with some having a wingspan of only 3mm. The larvae mine the leaves of docks, leaving bright red tissue around the mines.
Parornix is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae. The genus was raised by the German entomologist Arnold Spuler in 1910.
Parornix devoniella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from all of Europe.
Parornix loganella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is found from Fennoscandia and northern Russia to the British Isles, Denmark and the Baltic States.
Parornix scoticella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from all of Europe.
Parornix torquillella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae found in Europe. The larvae mine the leaves of Prunus species, such as blackthorn. It was described by the German entomologist Philipp Christoph Zeller in 1850, from specimens found in Florence, Leghorn and Pisa.
Coleophora siccifolia is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in most of Europe.
Coptotriche marginea is a moth of the family Tischeriidae, found in most of Europe. It was named by the English botanist, carcinologist and entomologist, Adrian Hardy Haworth in 1828, from a specimen found in England. The larvae mine the leaves of brambles (Rubus) species.
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