| Pisaura | |
|---|---|
 | |
| P. mirabilis | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Pisauridae |
| Genus: | Pisaura Simon, 1886 [1] |
| Species | |
See text. | |
| Diversity | |
| 13 species | |
Pisaura is a genus of Eurasian spiders in the family Pisauridae. [1]
Pisaura (at least the European species) vary in colouration from yellow and bright brown to mostly red-brown and grey or black. A distinct, bright stripe runs down the middle of the prosoma. The opisthosoma is long, slender and tapering posteriorly. On the dorsal surface of the opisthosoma is a wide, jagged stripe with dark margins. The posterior cheliceral furrow margin has two or three teeth. [2]
Spiders of this genus are hunters on the ground or on vegetation. [3]
The genus name Pisaura was first published by Eugène Simon in 1886. [1] [4] In 1757, Carl Alexander Clerck had described a species of spider under the name Araneus mirabilis; later authors placed the species either in Dolomedes or more usually in Ocyale . Simon stated that the type species of Ocyale was entirely different from "Ocyale mirabilis", so placed the species in a new genus as Pisaura mirabilis . [4] [5] In the same publication, Simon also described Pisaura valida, [4] later placed in Afropisaura as Afropisaura valida . [6]
As of June 2017 [update] , the World Spider Catalog accepted the following species: [1]
Nursery web spiders (Pisauridae) is a family of araneomorph spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1890. They resemble wolf spiders (Lycosidae) except for several key differences. Wolf spiders have two very prominent eyes in addition to the other six, while a nursery web spider's eyes are all about the same size. Additionally, female nursery web spiders carry their egg sacs with their jaws and pedipalps instead of attaching them to their spinnerets as wolf spiders do. When the eggs are about to hatch, a female spider builds a nursery "tent", places her egg sac inside, and stands guard outside, hence the family's common name. Like the wolf spiders, however, the nursery web spiders are roaming hunters that don't use webs for catching prey.
The raft spider, scientific name Dolomedes fimbriatus, is a large semi-aquatic spider of the family Pisauridae found throughout north-western and central Europe. It is one of only two species of the genus Dolomedes found in Europe, the other being the slightly larger Dolomedesplantarius which is endangered in the UK.
Salticus is a genus of the family Salticidae. Salticus is the type genus for the family Salticidae.
Trechaleidae (tre-kah-LEE-ih-dee) is a family of araneomorph spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1890, and includes about 140 described species in 16 genera. They all live in Central and South America except for Shinobius orientalis, which is endemic to Japan. Other names for the family are longlegged water spiders and fishing spiders.
The nursery web spider Pisaura mirabilis is a spider species of the family Pisauridae.
The book Svenska Spindlar or Aranei Svecici is one of the major works of the Swedish arachnologist and entomologist Carl Alexander Clerck and was first published in Stockholm in the year 1757. It was the first comprehensive book on the spiders of Sweden and one of the first regional monographs of a group of animals worldwide. The full title of the work is Svenska Spindlar uti sina hufvud-slägter indelte samt under några och sextio särskildte arter beskrefne och med illuminerade figurer uplyste – Aranei Svecici, descriptionibus et figuris æneis illustrati, ad genera subalterna redacti, speciebus ultra LX determinati, and included 162 pages of text and six colour plates. It was published in Swedish, with a Latin translation printed in a slightly smaller font below the Swedish text.
Linyphia is a genus of dwarf spiders that was first described by Pierre André Latreille in 1804. The name is Greek, and means "thread-weaver" or "linen maker".
Rhitymna is a genus of huntsman spiders described in 1897 by Eugène Simon. Members of this genus can be distinguished by a number of characteristics, but it is most often confused with Olios species, many of which also have the Y-shaped pattern on the dorsal opisthosoma.
Afropisaura is a genus of African nursery web spiders that was first described by P. Blandin in 1976. As of June 2019 it contains only three species, found only in Africa: A. ducis, A. rothiformis, and A. valida.
Dendrolycosa is a genus of nursery web spiders that was first described by Carl Ludwig Doleschall in 1859.
Euprosthenops is a genus of nursery web spiders that was first described by Reginald Innes Pocock in 1897.
Nilus is a genus of nursery web spiders that was first described by Octavius Pickard-Cambridge in 1876.
Paracladycnis is a monotypic genus of Malagasy nursery web spiders containing the single species, Paracladycnis vis. It was first described by P. Blandin in 1979, and is only found on Madagascar.
Sphedanus is a genus of Asian nursery web spiders that was first described by Tamerlan Thorell in 1877. As of June 2019 it contains only three species, found only in Asia: S. banna, S. quadrimaculatus, and S. undatus.
Vuattouxia is a monotypic genus of Ivorian nursery web spiders containing the single species, Vuattouxia kouassikonani. It was first described by P. Blandin in 1979, and is only found in the Ivory Coast.
Walrencea is a monotypic genus of South African nursery web spiders containing the single species, Walrencea globosa. It was first described by P. Blandin in 1979, and is only found in South Africa.
Seycellesa is a genus of spiders in the family Theridiidae. It consists of only its type species: Seycellesa braueri, which is endangered and endemic to the Seychelles.
Chthonos is a genus of South American ray spiders that was created by Jonathan A. Coddington in 1986 because the previous name was preoccupied. Originally placed with the Orb-weaver_spiders under the name Tecmessa, it was transferred to the ray spiders in 1986.
Cispius is a genus of African nursery web spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1898.
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)