Planorbarius corneus

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Planorbarius corneus
Posthornschnecke1.jpg
A live individual of Planorbarius corneus, carrying the shell with the umbilicus uppermost
Planorbarius corneus 001.JPG
A shell of Planorbarius corneus
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia
Superorder: Hygrophila
Family: Planorbidae
Genus: Planorbarius
Species:
P. corneus
Binomial name
Planorbarius corneus
(Linnaeus, 1758) [2]
Subspecies
  • Planorbarius corneus arabatzisReischütz, Reischütz & Fischer 2008
  • Planorbarius corneus grandis Dunker, 1850
  • Planorbarius corneus corneusLinnaeus, 1758
Synonyms

Planorbarius corneus, common name the great ramshorn, is a relatively large species of air-breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails, or planorbids, which all have sinistral or left-coiling shells. [3]

Contents

The shell of this species appears to be dextral in coiling, even though it is in fact sinistral or left-handed.

Distribution

Planorbarius corneus is distributed from western Europe, through central Europe and into the Caucasus, north into Siberia and south into the Middle East. In western Europe, it has been recorded in Belgium, France and the British Isles (including Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man, Guernsey and Jersey). It is not found in Spain, but it has been recorded on some Spanish and Portuguese Atlantic islands, including Madeira, the Azores, the Canary Islands. In the Nordic countries, it has been recorded in Denmark, Finland, Sweden and Norway. Its range extends through central Europe (including Austria, Germany, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Lichtenstein, Switzerland and the Czech Republic) into southern Europe (where it has been recorded in Greece and Italy) and eastern Europe and the Caucasus (including Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia and Ukraine). The species is also found in western Asia, having been recorded in Kazakhstan, Iran, western regions of Russia, Turkey, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. [1]

Additionally, as the species is sometimes sold in the aquarium trade, it is also found outside of its main range in small ponds where they have been released or placed. [1]

Description

All species within family Planorbidae have sinistral shells.

Planorbarius corneus is the largest European species of ramshorn snail (family Planorbidae), with a shell typically measuring 35 millimetres (1.4 in) across when fully-grown. [4]

The 10–17 by 22–40 millimetres (0.39–0.67 by 0.87–1.57 in) coiled shell has between 3 and 4.5 rounded whorls with deep sutures, the last whorl predominating. The upper side is weakly depressed and the lower side is deeply depressed (flattened on the underside but spire recessed on the upper side). There is no keel. The shell is light yellowish with a brown, reddish or greenish periostracum, radially and spirally weakly striated. The aperture is wide and almost circular. The animal is brown or reddish.[ citation needed ]

Habitat

This large planorbid is found in water which is still, or only moving slowly, where there is a good growth of many different kinds of pond weeds, and where there are high levels of calcium dissolved in the water. [5]

P. corneus under high temperatures has been studied by Kartavykh & Podkovkin (2002). [6]

Reproduction

Reproduction in spring and autumn at water temperatures above 15 °C, eggs (diameter 1.2-1.7 mm) are laid in mostly elongate capsules of 8–15 mm width, each strain containing 12-40 eggs, fixed to aquatic plants, embryos are reddish with transparent shells, juveniles hatch after 14–16 days, life span up to 3 years. Self-fertilization is possible, one single released animal can establish a stable population, but only 5% of the juveniles in self-fertilized eggs will hatch. [7]

Parasites

This species of snail functions as a host for several parasite species:

As aquarium pets

P. corneus are available from commercial breeders, and they are easy to keep, as they do not need a minimum aquarium size, do not need heating, and likewise, the tank usually does not need to be oxygenated – though it helps to supply the microorganisms that process snail manure and food leftovers. They are said to only feed on living plants when other food sources (like algae and plant detritus) have become rare. They need calcium-rich water, so depending on the water source, they need additional calcium from cuttlebones or ground egg shells. The snails can be fed with any fish food, and vegetables like spinach leaves, green lettuce leaves and zucchini slices. In case of leafy or vegetable food, leftovers should be quickly removed in order to keep ammonium and nitrate levels low. Depending on the locale, a water conditioner is needed to remove copper, chlorine and other harmful ions from the water.

Both the European-Asian P. corneus and the smaller, North-American Planorbella duryi are known as "Ramshorn snails" in the aquarium trade and can be kept the same way, yet the adult Planorbella ones are significantly smaller, and their shells are smooth, shining and not striated. [13]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ramshorn snail</span> Common name for several species of snail

The term ramshorn snail or ram's horn snail is used in two different ways. In the aquarium trade it is used to describe various kinds of freshwater snails whose shells are planispiral, meaning that the shell is a flat coil. Such shells resemble a coil of rope, or a ram's horn. In a more general natural history context, the term "ramshorn snails" is used more precisely to mean those aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Planorbidae that have planispiral coiled shells.

<i>Marisa cornuarietis</i> Species of gastropod

Marisa cornuarietis, common name the Colombian ramshorn apple snail, is a species of large freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusc in the family Ampullariidae, the apple snail family.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Planorbidae</span> Family of gastropods

Planorbidae, common name the ramshorn snails or ram's horn snails, is a family of air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod molluscs. Unlike most molluscs, the blood of ram's horn snails contains iron-based hemoglobin instead of copper-based hemocyanin. As a result, planorbids are able to breathe oxygen more efficiently than other molluscs. The presence of hemoglobin gives the body a reddish colour. This is especially apparent in albino animals.

<i>Planorbis</i> Genus of gastropods

Planorbis is a genus of air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails, or planorbids. All species in this genus have sinistral or left-coiling shells.

<i>Planorbella trivolvis</i> Species of gastropod

Planorbella trivolvis is a species of freshwater air-breathing snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails, or planorbids, which all have sinistral or left-coiling shells.

<i>Bithynia tentaculata</i> Species of gastropod

Bithynia tentaculata, common names the mud bithynia or common bithynia, or faucet snail is a relatively small species of freshwater snail with gills and an operculum, an aquatic prosobranch gastropod mollusk in the family Bithyniidae.

<i>Planorbella</i> Genus of gastropods

Planorbella is a genus of freshwater air-breathing snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails, or planorbids, which all have sinistral, or left-coiling, shells.

<i>Anisus spirorbis</i> Species of gastropod

Anisus spirorbis is a species of small freshwater air-breathing snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails.

Neoplanorbis smithi was a species of small freshwater snail, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ramshorn snails. This species was endemic to the United States; it is now extinct. The shells of this species appear to be dextral in coiling, but as is the case in all planorbids, the shell is actually sinistral. In life the shell was carried upside down with the aperture on the right, and this makes it appear to be dextral.

Neoplanorbis umbilicatus was a species of air-breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails.

<i>Radix auricularia</i> Species of gastropod

Radix auricularia, the big-ear radix, is a species of medium-sized freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Lymnaeidae.

<i>Planorbella duryi</i> Species of gastropod

Planorbella duryi, common name the Seminole rams-horn, is a species of air-breathing freshwater snail, a pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails. The species is endemic to Florida and is found frequently in home aquariums.

<i>Planorbarius</i> Genus of gastropods

Planorbarius is a genus of air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails, or planorbids, which all have sinistral or left-coiling shells.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Freshwater snail</span> Non-marine snail

Freshwater snails are gastropod mollusks that live in fresh water. There are many different families. They are found throughout the world in various habitats, ranging from ephemeral pools to the largest lakes, and from small seeps and springs to major rivers. The great majority of freshwater gastropods have a shell, with very few exceptions. Some groups of snails that live in freshwater respire using gills, whereas other groups need to reach the surface to breathe air. In addition, some are amphibious and have both gills and a lung. Most feed on algae, but many are detritivores and some are filter feeders.

<i>Biomphalaria tenagophila</i> Species of gastropod

Biomphalaria tenagophila is a species of air-breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails.

<i>Biomphalaria straminea</i> Species of gastropod

Biomphalaria straminea is a species of air-breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails.

<i>Indoplanorbis</i> Genus of gastropods

Indoplanorbis is a genus of air-breathing freshwater snail. Its only member species is Indoplanorbis exustus, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails. The species is widely distributed across the tropics. It serves as an important intermediate host for several trematode parasites. The invasive nature and ecological tolerance of Indoplanorbis exustus add to its importance in veterinary and medical science.

<i>Bulinus jousseaumei</i> Species of gastropod

Bulinus jousseaumei is a species of tropical freshwater snail, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ramshorn snails and their allies. Like other planorbids, the shell of the species is sinistral in coiling.

Prosthogonimus ovatus is a species of a trematodes, or fluke worms, in the family Prosthogonimidae.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Seddon, M.B.; Van Damme, D. (2011). "Planorbarius corneus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2011: e.T156083A4889234. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T156083A4889234.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. Linnaeus C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 10th edition. - Vermes. Testacea: 700–781. Holmiae. (Salvius).
  3. Marshall, B. (2014). Planorbarius corneus (Linnaeus, 1758). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=819958 on 2014-11-06
  4. György, Krisky (2013). Freshwater Invertebrates in Central Europe: A Field Guide. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN   9783709115473.
  5. Janus, Horst, 1965. ‘’The young specialist looks at land and freshwater molluscs’’, Burke, London
  6. (in Russian) Kartavykh T. N. & Podkovkin V. G. (2002) "[Influence of high temperature of environment upon cholinesterase activity in Gastropoda Planorbis corneus]". 152–157. PDF.
  7. "AnimalBase :: Planorbarius corneus species homepage".
  8. Prosthogonimus ovatus (Parasite Species Summary) Archived 2011-07-23 at the Wayback Machine
  9. "Apatemon gracilis (Parasite Species Summary)". Archived from the original on 2008-10-25. Retrieved 2007-07-14.
  10. "Hypoderaeum conoideum (Parasite Species Summary)". Archived from the original on 2008-10-25. Retrieved 2007-07-14.
  11. Syngamus trachea (Parasite Species Summary) Archived 2007-09-01 at the Wayback Machine
  12. Typhlocoelum sisowi (Parasite Species Summary)
  13. "Ramshorn Snails – Detailed Guide: Care, Diet and Breeding" . Retrieved 2022-06-27.

Further reading

Minchin, D. 2021. Records of the cryptogenic Great Ramshorn Snail (Planorbarius corneus (Linnaeus)) from the Shannon Navigation. Irish Naturalists' Journal37: Part 2 pp 81 - 84.