Poonch River | |
---|---|
![]() Poonch River | |
Location | |
Countries | India, Pakistan |
Provinces | Jammu and Kashmir, Azad Kashmir |
Physical characteristics | |
Source | |
• location | Poonch district, Jammu and Kashmir, India |
• coordinates | 33°38′42″N74°26′07″E / 33.64511°N 74.43532°E |
Mouth | |
• location | Mangla Reservoir, Kotli District, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan |
• coordinates | 33°17′23″N73°44′29″E / 33.2896°N 73.7414°E |
The Poonch River (also known as Punch River, Punch Tohi, Tohi of Punch [1] [a] ) is a tributary of the Jhelum River that flows through Jammu and Kashmir in India, and Jammu and Kashmir in Pakistan.
According to Georg Bühler, [2] the ancient form of the word Tohi is Taushi mentioned in the Rājataraṅgiṇī and the Nīlamata Purāṇa. In the latter work, Āpagā (Aik Nala of Sialkot), Tauśī and Candrabhāgā are named together. Probably, the word is connected with the Sanskrit tuṣāra, 'cold', i.e. 'snow'.
The river originates in the south-facing foothills of Pir Panjal range, in the areas of Neel-Kanth Gali and Jamian Gali. It is called 'Siran' (Suran) in this area. It flows south and then west until it reaches the town of Poonch, after which it bends southwest, finally draining into the Mangla Reservoir near Chomukh. The towns of Poonch, Sehra, Tatta Pani, Kotli and Mirpur are situated on the banks of this river. [3]
Frederic Drew wrote of the Poonch river in 1875:
it drains a large area of mountain country, collecting a number of streams that rise in the lofty Panjäl Range; indeed it combines all those which spring from that part of the Range north or north-west of the branching off of the Ratan ridge. It drains also a considerable area occupied by the mountains of intermediate height, and no small space of the lower, outer, hills. [4]
The prominent tributaries of the river are:
The Betaar Nala, which originates in the Azad Kashmir's Haveli District and flows southwest to join the Poonch river near the Poonch town, is sometimes called the 'Punch River'. (The upstream part of Poonch river is then called the Suran river.)
The Mughal Road from Shopian circles around the origin of the Poonch River and runs along its banks.
The Parnai hydropower project, under construction near Bafliaz in India's Poonch district, is expected to generate 37.5 Mega Watt power and also irrigate vast tracts of agricultural land in the district. The project was set for completion in 2017–18 but is delayed. [5] [6] [7]
The 100 MW Gulpur Hydropower Project is located on this river in Azad Jammu and Kashmir.
The Jhelum River is a river in the northern Indian subcontinent. It originates at Verinag and flows through the Indian-administered territory of Jammu and Kashmir, into Pakistan-administered Azad Kashmir, then the Pakistani province of Punjab. It is the westernmost of the five rivers of the Punjab region, and flows through the Kashmir Valley. It is a tributary of the Chenab River and has a total length of about 725 kilometres (450 mi).
Bagh District is a district of Pakistan-administered Azad Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region. It is one of the ten districts of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Previously part of Poonch District, Bagh was established as a separate district in 1988.
The Kashmir Valley, also known as the Vale of Kashmir, is an intermontane valley in northern Jammu and Kashmir, a region in Indian-administered Kashmir. The valley is surrounded by ranges of the Himalayas, bounded on the southwest by the Pir Panjal Range and on the northeast by the Greater Himalayan range. It is approximately 135 km (84 mi) long and 32 km (20 mi) wide, and drained by the Jhelum River. It forms the bulk of the Kashmir Division of Jammu and Kashmir.
Rawalakot is the capital of Poonch district in Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. It is located in the Pir Panjal Range.
The Pir Panjal Range is a range of mountains in the Lower Himalayan region located in the Western Himalayas of northern Indian subcontinent. It runs southeast to northwest between the Beas and Neelam/Kishanganga rivers, in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh and Indian-administered union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, with its northwestern end extending into territory administered by Pakistan. The Himalayas show a gradual elevation towards the Dhauladhar and Pir Panjal ranges. Pir Panjal is the largest and westernmost range of the Lesser Himalayas. Near the bank of the Sutlej River, it dissociates itself from the main Himalayan range and forms a divide between the Beas and Ravi rivers on one side and the Chenab on the other. Further west, the Pir Panjal range forms the southwestern boundary of the Kashmir Valley, separating it from the hills of Jammu region, forming a divide between the Jhelum and Chenab rivers.
Rajouri is a district in the Jammu division of Indian Jammu and Kashmir in the Kashmir region. The Line of Control, between the Indian- and Pakistan's occupied Jammu and Kashmir, lies to its west, Poonch to its north, the Reasi district to the east and the Jammu district to its south. Rajouri is famous for its "Kalari". Representing an ancient principality, Rajouri was a joint district, along with Reasi, at the time of the princely state's accession to India in 1947. The two tehsils were separated and Rajouri was merged with the Poonch district. Rajouri again became a separate district along with Reasi in 1968 till 2006 when both were separated again. The Rajouri district comprises 13 tehsils (boroughs). The land is mostly fertile and mountainous. Maize, wheat and rice are the main crops of the area and the main source of the irrigation is the river Tawi that originates from the mountains of Pir Panjal.
Rajouri or Rajauri is a city in the Rajouri district in the Jammu division of the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. It is located about 155 kilometres (96 mi) from Srinagar and 150 km (93 mi) from Jammu city on the Poonch Highway.
Shopian, known as Shupyan in Kashmiri, is an administrative division of the Shopian district. It is located in southern part of Kashmir Valley, of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Shopian is called the ''Apple town of Kashmir'' as majority of the population engages in apple growing practices. It also provides employment to more than 60% of the population. It is 2nd richest district in Kashmir region after Srinagar.
Poonch, is a town and the administrative headquarters of the Poonch district, of the Indian-administered union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, which is part of the larger disputed territory of Kashmir. It is located near the Line of Control – the de facto border in the disputed region. Poonch shares a de facto border with the Poonch district of the Pakistan-administered, self-governing territory of Azad Kashmir.
Topa is a village in Mendhar Tehsil, Poonch district in the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, the Battle of Topa was fought here by 5 Gorkha Rifles.
The Battle of Shopian took place on 3 July 1819 between an expeditionary force from the Sikh Empire and Jabbar Khan, the governor of the Kashmir Valley province of the Durrani Empire. It was the decisive battle during the Sikh expedition into Kashmir in 1819.
Tatrinote is a village located between Poonch District, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan and Poonch district, Jammu and Kashmir, India on the Line of Control. The word "Tatrinote" is derived from two words, "tatri" and "note". The original territory of Tatrinote was reportedly purchased by a landlord using a single 1/100th Georgian lari (GEL) note, also known as Tetri. These words together became what the location is known by. There are two neighbourhoods within Tatrinote. The neighbourhood "Tatri" is located at no-man land on Line of Control (LOC) while "Note" is on the Pakistani side of Kashmir.
Surankote is a town in the Surankote Tehsil of the Poonch district of the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. It occupies the Surankote valley, located between the Pir Panjal and ranges within the Himalayas. It receives snowfall in winters. It is famous for the existence of lakes on the Pir Panjal range which are not still connected with the outside world. Although some people visit these lakes by foot for recreation and refreshment.
Abbaspur, commonly known as Bandi or Bandi Abbaspur is a Tehsil located near the line of control which divides Pakistan administered Kashmir and Indian administered Kashmir. It used to be called Gaopalpur before its name was changed. The tehsil is made up of different areas, everything north of Bandi Abbaspur. The mountain facing toward the city in front of it and up to Mehmood Gali is called Tangyran. The mountain side facing toward the Poonch River or Rangard between Abbaspur and Potha is called Choyi. It is the sub-divisional headquarters of Poonch district, Rawalakot, Poonch, Azad Kashmir.
Chowki Choura, Akhnoor, is a Sub-Division in Jammu district in Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Tosa Maidan is a tourist destination and a hill station in the Khag area of the Budgam district in the Kashmir Valley of the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. The name also marks the historic Tosa Maidan route into the Kashmir Valley from the Poonch Valley. In fact, the original name of Tosa Maidan appears to have been "Tosa Marg". Mahmud of Ghazni and the Sikh monarch Ranjit Singh attempted to invade the Kashmir Valley via this route following the Battle of Shopian
Dori Dager is a village located in the Jammu district in the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Located 75 km (47 mi) from Jammu, Dori Dager is located on the Himalayas. It is also part of proposed Jammu–Poonch line. It is famous for historic Dori Dager Mela. The Mela is a bi-annual feature organised on the eve of Jesth Purnima in summer and Katrik Purnima in winter. Thousands of devotees on these occasions visit the shrine to seek the blessings of Baba Mai Mal Ji.
Bhambla is a village panchayat in the Reasi district in the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is also part of proposed Jammu–Poonch line. Kaleeth is located at 33.03°N 74.59°E and is about 36 km from Akhnoor. It is a hilly region which falls under chambh sector. It lies close to the Pakistan border.
Poonch Haveli Assembly constituency is one of the 90 constituencies in the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir, a northern Union Territory of India. Poonch Haveli is also part of Anantnag-Rajouri Lok Sabha constituency.
Shri Krishan Chander Government Degree College, Poonch, established in 1955, is a co-educational general degree college in Poonch, Jammu and Kashmir, India. This college serves the people of the Poonch and its adjoining areas. This college is one of the oldest degree colleges in Jammu and Kashmir and offers courses in arts, science and commerce. It is affiliated to University of Jammu.