Port of Split | |
---|---|
Location | |
Country | Croatia |
Location | Split |
Coordinates | 43°30′18″N16°26′32″E / 43.505079°N 16.442156°E |
UN/LOCODE | HRSPU [1] |
Details | |
Operated by | Split Port Authority Luka d.d. Split Trajektna Luka Split d.d. |
Director of the Port Authority | Joško Berket Bakota |
Luka d.d. Split chairman | Dragan Žanetić |
Trajektna Luka Split d.d. chairman | Toni Medvidović |
Statistics | |
Vessel arrivals | 23,468 (2019) [2] |
Annual cargo tonnage | 2,040,547 tonnes (2020) [2] |
Annual container volume | 6,822 TEUs (2019) [2] |
Passenger traffic | 5,8 million (2024) [2] [3] [4] |
Website www.portsplit.hr |
The Port of Split (Croatian : Luka Split) is a port in the central Dalmatian city of Split, Croatia. The port was originally a trading post originally established by Greek settlers from the island of Vis and subsequently taken over by the Romans. The port thrived through the Middle Ages, but it suffered a decline in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when the Port of Rijeka took over as the primary trading and shipping outlet of the region. The decline was also attributed to the decline of the Ottoman Empire, a traditional market for the Port of Split, and the growing domination of Austrian Empire.
As of 2017, the port ranks as the largest passenger port in Croatia, the largest passenger port in the Adriatic, [5] and the 11th largest port in the Mediterranean, [6] with annual passenger volume of approximately 5 million. By 2010, the Port of Split recorded 18,000 ship arrivals each year. The port is managed by the Port of Split Authority (PSA). In the late 2000s, the PSA and the port operators, Trajektna Luka Split d.d. and Luka d.d. Split, started to implement an investment plan aimed at increasing both passenger and cargo traffic volume, scheduled to be completed by 2015, which would allow the port to handle up to 7 million passengers per year.
The Port of Split is the largest passenger port in Croatia and the third largest passenger seaport in the Mediterranean. [7] The port is administered by the Port of Split Authority, and the primary concessionaires Trajektna Luka Split and Luka d.d. Split, as well as 11 secondary concessionaires awarded concessions to use the port facilities or provide services in the port. The primary concessionaires are operating the City Port Split and Vranjic-Solin basin area, respectively, with the secondary concessionaires active in Vranjic-Solin area of the port and the terminals based in Kaštela. The latter are Dalmacijacement, PROplin, Brodomerkur, Trast, Tehnospoj, Dujmovača, Žitni Terminal, INA, Profectus, Eko Kaštelanski Zaljev and OMV companies. [8] Passenger and vehicle transit is handled by Jadrolinija, Krilo Shipping Company, Krilo - Kapetan Luka and Split Express; however in 2009 Jadrolinija share of the passenger traffic volume reached 85%. In 2009, total passenger traffic volume reached 3,995,846 passengers, representing a 3.3% drop compared to the previous year. [9] The port serves eight island ferry lines, and nine additional passenger shipping lines connecting nearby islands. There are such transport links to the islands of Brač and Hvar —carrying up to 2,000 and 1,000 vehicles per day during tourist seasons—as well as to islands of Vis, Lastovo, Korčula, Šolta, Drvenik Veliki, Drvenik Mali providing regular transport links for a large area. [10] In 2009, the ferry lines carried annual average daily traffic of 1,698 vehicles. During the summer peak season, the volume increases to a total of 3,812 vehicles on average. [11]
In 2008, the Port of Split recorded a total of 16,527 ship arrivals, and handled 2.7 million tonnes of cargo. [12] In 2008, Luka d.d. Split, the primary cargo concessionaire company of the Port of Split, recorded substantial growth of transshipment volume. In the first nine months of the year, the company handled 276,000 tonnes of cargo, representing a growth rate of 20% achieved by that company. The cargo volume projected for the entire year was estimated at 345,000 tonnes, including 6,170 TEUs. The growth was permitted by investments made in late 2007, and the increased volume of operation brought about profit of approximately 2.4 million kuna (325,000 euro) in the first nine months of 2008. [13] Overall port operations continue to grow, as 18,000 arrivals were recorded by 2010. [7] Director of the Split Port Authority is Joško Berket Bakota. [14]
The Port of Split is located on the Adriatic Sea coast in a bay protected by the Split peninsula and a string of islands. Its facilities include terminals and other structures in Split, Solin and Kaštela, all located on approximately 15 kilometers (9.3 miles) of coast. The port is connected by the International E-road network routes E65 and E71 carried by the Croatian A1 motorway and the D1 state road. [15] [16] The port is also connected with Zagreb by an un-electrified single-track railway, which runs through Knin and Karlovac. [17] [18]
The port comprises several terminals:
As of 13 August 2016, there are currently no scheduled services as the only airline here, European Coastal Airlines, has suspended operations.
The first trading post at the site of the Port of Split was Aspalathos, established by Greek settlers from the island of Vis in the 4th century BC. Position of the trading post was selected because of its location in a natural harbor and its proximity to numerous Adriatic Sea islands and extensive hinterland populated by Illyrians, most notably in Salona. The area subsequently became a part of the Roman Empire, [27] and after its Decline of the Roman Empire, the coast was brought under rule of the Byzantine Empire, until the area was absorbed into the Kingdom of Croatia in the beginning of the 10th century. [28] In 1102, Croatia and Kingdom of Hungary were joined in a personal union. [29] By the 12th century, Split had developed trading routes with its hinterland and maritime trade throughout the Adriatic Sea and the Mediterranean. [17] The Republic of Venice of gained full control of Dalmatia and the city of Split by 1428. [30] In the 16th century, Split was the central maritime trade outlet of the Balkans, where goods were transported from the Ottoman Empire, India and Persia to the Venetian Republic and vice versa. After the fall of Venice, Split was briefly ruled by the Habsburg monarchy and Austrian Empire between 1797 and 1806, and the First French Empire until 1813 when Austrian rule was restored. [31] In that period, trade routes shifted to other Adriatic ports, especially the Port of Rijeka, causing a downturn in the city's economy. [17]
In the second half of the 19th century, the economy of the city of Split and its surrounding area started to recover and Split soon became hub of the central Dalmatia, connecting the hinterland and the neighboring islands. This spurred development of the city port and its transport connections, including construction of a new breakwater and the Split–Knin railway. In 1925, the railway was linked to the Rijeka–Zagreb railway via Gospić, allowing development of a modern port. Since 1957, [32] cargo terminals of the Port of Split were relocated from the city centre to industrial zones in Solin and Kaštela areas, while passenger traffic still uses the centrally positioned harbor. [17]
As of 2011, the Port of Split facilities are intended to be modernized to specialize in domestic and international passenger traffic. Consequently, St. Nicholas pier is planned to be extended and summer seasonal berths are scheduled to be added by 2015. The Resnik-Divulje passenger terminal is planned to be expanded within the framework of the second construction stage entailing two additional berths by the end of 2014. The expansions of the two passenger terminals are aimed at achieving passenger transport capacity of 7 million passengers per year. Two new berths capable of accommodating 300-metre (980 ft) long cruise ships are also planned, and is expected to cost 100 million kuna (13.3 million euro) to construct. [33] [34] The container terminal in Vranjic-Solin basin is also expected to be modernized and its infrastructure is planned to be upgraded. Other segments of the port are scheduled to undergo comparably minor repairs as well. [35]
Transport in Croatia relies on several main modes, including transport by car, train, ship and plane. Road transport incorporates a comprehensive network of state, county and local routes augmented by a network of highways for long-distance travelling. Water transport can be divided into sea, based on the ports of Rijeka, Ploče, Split and Zadar, and river transport, based on Sava, Danube and, to a lesser extent, Drava. Croatia has 9 international airports and several airlines, of which the most notable are Croatia Airlines and Trade Air. Rail network is fairly developed but regarding inter-city transport, bus tends to be far more common than the rail.
The location at the junction of the Mediterranean, the Alps, the Dinarides and the Pannonian Plain and the area being traversed by major rivers have been the reasons for the intersection of the main transport routes in Slovenia. Their course was established already in Antiquity. A particular geographic advantage in recent times has been the location of the intersection of the Pan-European transport corridors V and X in the country. This gives it a special position in the European social, economic and cultural integration and restructuring.
Solin is a town and a suburb of Split, in Split-Dalmatia county, Croatia. It is situated right northeast of Split, on the Adriatic Sea and the river Jadro.
The Port of Philadelphia is located on the Delaware River in Philadelphia in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania.
Jadrolinija is a Croatian sea shipping company. It is a state-owned company and its main mission is connecting Croatian islands to the mainland by operating regular passenger and cargo transport services. The company mainly operates car ferries on domestic routes along the Croatian coast, as well as international routes across the Adriatic Sea to Italy.
Zagreb Franjo Tuđman Airport or Zagreb Airport is an international airport serving Zagreb, Croatia. It is the largest and busiest airport in Croatia. In 2023 it handled 3.72 million passengers and some 10,859 tons of cargo.
Osijek Airport, commonly referred to as Klisa is the international airport of Osijek, Croatia. It is located 20 km east southeast of Osijek and is situated near the D2 state road, southwest of the village of Klisa.
Saint Jerome Airport, also known as Split Airport, is the international airport serving the city of Split, Croatia. It is located 19 km (12 mi) from Split, on the west side of Kaštela Bay, in the town of Kaštela, and extending into the adjacent town of Trogir. It is named after Saint Jerome, the patron saint of Split-Dalmatia County.
International Container Terminal Services, Inc. (ICTSI) is a global port management company headquartered in Manila, Philippines. Established on December 24, 1987, ICTSI is the Philippines' largest multinational and transnational company, having established operations in both developed and emerging market economies in Asia Pacific, the Americas, and Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The company is ranked the eighth largest container terminal operator, according to TEU equity volume.
The Port of Caen is the harbour and port authority of the Norman city of Caen, France.
Jadranski naftovod (JANAF) is a crude oil transportation company in Croatia. It operates the JANAF oil transport system, a part of the Adria oil pipeline.
The Split Metro is a suburban railway network in Split, Croatia. The railway was opened on refurbished existing M604 tracks on December 10, 2006. It consists of one line serving seven stations, running from Split centre to Kaštel Stari. The second line between Split centre and Split-Kopilica opened in June 2019, and was discontinued in November 2019. As of 2019, it is planned that new stations will be added along the tracks and the existing stops renovated. The line runs through two tunnels within the city centre of Split; within the longer of the two tunnels a metro-like station (Split-H.B.Z.) will be opened in 2021 to serve the city centre. The line is 17.8 kilometres (11.1 mi) long while an average train ride lasts for 25 minutes. A link with Split Airport and further extension to Trogir is considered, with possible electrification in the long-term.
The Bay of Bakar is located on the Croatian Adriatic coast, within the Gulf of Kvarner. There are two towns centered on bay of Bakar: Bakar and Kraljevica. While Bakar and Kraljevica are port towns, in outback of bay of Bakar there are the industry zones and free zones of Kukuljanovo. The bay itself contains Bulk Cargo Terminal of the Port of Rijeka, handling coal, iron ore and bulk cargo. Its annual capacity is 4 million tonnes and it accommodates Capesize ships. The port facilities are planned to be expanded through construction of a car terminal in the bay.
The Port of Tokyo is one of the largest Japanese seaports and one of the largest seaports in the Pacific Ocean basin having an annual traffic capacity of around 100 million tonnes of cargo and 4,500,000 twenty-foot equivalent units. It is located near Tokyo Haneda airport.
Port of Koper is a public limited company, which provides port and logistics services in the only Slovenian port, in Koper. It is situated in the northern part of the Adriatic Sea, mainly connecting markets of Central and Southeast Europe with the Mediterranean Sea and Far East. Unlike other European ports, which are managed by port authorities, the activities of Port of Koper comprise the management of the free zone area, the management of the port area and the role of terminal operator. It is currently the main port that serves the route between the Adriatic sea and Central Europe.
The Port of Ploče is a seaport in Ploče, Croatia, near the mouth of the Neretva river on the Adriatic Sea coast. It was formally opened in 1945 after a railway was built as a supply route to connect the site with industrial facilities in the Sarajevo and Mostar areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was then part of Yugoslavia. As of 2010, it ranked as the second largest cargo port in Croatia—after the Port of Rijeka—with a cargo throughput of 4.5 million tonnes, consisting mostly of general cargo and bulk cargo, including 20,420 TEU Containers. In 2008, the Port of Ploče recorded 2,555 ship arrivals. It is managed by the Port of Ploče Authority.
The Battle of the Dalmatian Channels was a three-day confrontation between three tactical groups of Yugoslav Navy ships and coastal artillery, and a detachment of naval commandos of the Croatian Navy fought on 14–16 November 1991 during the Croatian War of Independence. On 14 November, the commandos torpedoed the Mirna-class patrol boat PČ-176 Mukos close to the island of Brač in the Split Channel of the Adriatic Sea, prompting a Yugoslav naval bombardment of Brač and Šolta Island the same day. The drifting Mukos was salvaged by Croatian civilian boats and beached at Nečujam bay.
The Port of Rijeka is a seaport in Rijeka, Croatia, located on the shore of the Kvarner Gulf in the Adriatic Sea. The first records of the port date to 1281. It was the main port of the Kingdom of Hungary in the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, of Yugoslavia between World War II and 1991, and of Croatia after its independence. Today, it is the largest port in Croatia with a cargo throughput of 13.6 million tonnes (2020), mostly oil, general cargo and bulk cargo, and 344,091 Twenty-foot equivalent units (TEUs).
Jadranska vrata is a Croatian port operating company which operates port facilities at the largest Croatian Port of Rijeka. Jadranska vrata d.d. company was founded as a Luka Rijeka d.d. subsidiary, and tasked with operating the container cargo terminal located in the Brajdica district of Rijeka. As of August 2011, the International Container Terminal Services Inc. (ICTSI) acquired 51% share in the company becoming a strategic partner, and the company is since also prominent under its English name—Adriatic Gate Container Terminal. Jadranska vrata d.d. has acquired a separate concession to operate the container terminal in the Port of Rijeka until 2041.
Rijeka Gateway is a port operating company which operates port facilities at the largest Croatian Port of Rijeka. Rijeka Gateway d.o.o. company was founded a joint venture between APM Terminals and Enna Logic and tasked with operating the Zagreb Deep Sea Container Terminal located on the Zagreb pier, in Rijeka basin.