Porth Wen Brickworks

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Porth Wen Brickworks
Porth Wen Brick Works (46589745995).jpg
Kilns and chimneys at the brickworks
Type Brickworks
Location Anglesey, Wales
Coordinates 53°25′26″N4°24′22″W / 53.424°N 4.406°W / 53.424; -4.406 Coordinates: 53°25′26″N4°24′22″W / 53.424°N 4.406°W / 53.424; -4.406
OS grid reference SH 4019 9465
Official namePorth Wen Brickworks
Designated27 October 1986
Reference no.AN109
Isle of Anglesey UK relief location map.jpg
Red pog.svg
Location in Anglesey

Porth Wen Brickworks first built by Charles E Tidy, is now a disused Victorian brickworks which produced fire bricks, made from quartzite (silica) used to line steel-making furnaces. The substantial remains include a number of buildings and the remains of some of the machinery, but has some damage from sea erosion. The site is a scheduled monument.

Contents

Location

The brickworks is in a spectacular location on the western side of Porth Wen (English: White Bay) in the community of Llanbadrig in the north of Anglesey, and is about 2 km (1.2 miles) west of Porth Llechog and 3 km (1.9 miles) north-east of Cemaes. [1] [2] The brickworks was established because of the readily available quartzite from the nearby quarries, a major component of fire bricks. [3]

As with much of coastline of Anglesey, the brickworks lies within the area of the Anglesey Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. [4]

Description

Porthwen Brickworks includes quarries, an incline tramroad to the works, and includes a crushing house, moulding shed, drying sheds, and kilns. The brickmaking operation was supported by storage hoppers, engine house, boiler house, chimneys, warehouse and a quay. [5]

Brickmaking started on the site in the mid 19th century, with the tramroad being added later, and the existing buildings being built in the early 20th century. [6] Although the brickworks ceased production in the first half of the 20th century (sources vary on the date; either 1924 or 1949), [1] [6] the buildings and much of the equipment remain in situ, and the site shows:

...the visual scars of time and nature on its rural-industrial face as well as just the immense history built into the very bricks and stones

— Ian Banks [7]

Quarries and incline

Remains of winding house Abandoned drumhouse at Graig Wen (geograph 2665132).jpg
Remains of winding house

The brickworks were supplied from two quarries to the north-west of the works. [8] [9] A tramroad from one of the quarries leading to a winding house and incline was shown on the 1st edition OS map, 1889. [10]

The winding house includes two lateral walls of mortared walls of rubble masonry supporting a square drive shaft and bearings. The remains of the walls are splayed at the bases and roughly 4.5 m (10 feet) in length, 0.95 m (3 feet) wide up to a height of 3 m (10 feet). [10] [11] The drive shaft supported three wheels each with eight spokes. One wheel is roughly 2 m (7 feet) in diameter and the other two are 1.5 m (5 feet) in diameter. The larger wheel was a banding-break and the other two were driving wheels for lowering and raising trucks on the incline. A wooden beam with a control mechanism remains in front the drive shaft. A second similar wooden beam lies nearby but is no longer in position. [10] [11] [12]

Near the winding house are the remains of a storage shed roughly 4 m (10 feet) by 5 m (20 feet) with walls that supported a gabled roof of profiled sheeting and is probably more recent than the winding house, built in a period of improvement in the early 20th century. [13]

The incline consisted of two tracks which have been removed but the track bed remains with retaining walls of random rubble masonry roughly 1 m (3 feet) deep. The incline was gravity powered. [12] [14]

Brickmaking

Crushing house Silica bunkers at Porth Wen Brick Works - geograph.org.uk - 1104879.jpg
Crushing house

The incline terminated at a crushing house where pieces of quartzite were broken up with a knapping machine. The pieces were passed down chutes to lower levels for further processing, resulting in a fine powder at the lowest stage. It is likely that the pieces of quartzite were reduced by hammer with the workers wearing iron covered gloves. [1] [15] [16]

The resulting powder was mixed with lime and water in a pan mill. The resulting paste was then moulded and pressed into bricks in the moulding shed, and then dried out in drying sheds. [1] [17] [18] [19] Originally bricks were made using moulding and wire cutting, but were later made using a press. [16]

After drying, the bricks were then fired in one of the three circular down-draught kilns (also known as beehive or Newcastle kilns), made of brick with iron bands and domed roofs. [20] [21] [22] [1] [7]

The brickworks also includes the remains of a boiler house, which contained a Five-drum Stirling boiler, and a small engine house for a steam engine. [23] [24]

Storage and distribution

After firing, the bricks were stored in the main building, an impressive two-storey brick building, with gabled ends. [25]

Bricks were then loaded onto ships, using a crane, moored at the loading quay. [26] [27]

History

Porth Wen brickworks was designated as a scheduled monument by Cadw in 1986 and classified as a post-medieval industrial brickworks. [28]

See also

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "Silica Brick Works, Porth Wen". Historic Environment Record (HER) . Gwynedd Archaeological Trust (GAT). GAT PRN 3562. Retrieved 18 June 2016– via archwilio (online database of the four Welsh Archaeological Trusts).
  2. ↑ "Section 3: Cemaes to Amlwch Port" (PDF) (Map). www.anglesey.gov.uk. Isle of Anglesey Coastal Path Project. 2005. Retrieved 18 June 2016.
  3. ↑ Jones, S. (1997). Coastal Erosion Survey Anglesey (PDF) (Report). Gwynedd Archaeological Trust (GAT). p. 14. GAT Report No. 251. Retrieved 17 June 2016.
  4. ↑ Grant, Maria; Parker, Sally (April 2014). State of the AONB Report for Anglesey (PDF). Isle of Anglesey County Council (Report). Land Use Consultants. p. 11. Retrieved 14 May 2016.
  5. ↑ Gwyn, David (2006). Gwynedd: Inheriting a Revolution; the Archaeology of Industrialisation in North-West Wales. Phillimore & Company Limited. pp. 116–117. ISBN   978-1-86077-432-4.
  6. 1 2 Hill, J. (1 March 2004). "Porthwen Brickworks; Porth Wen Silica Brickworks (40736)". Coflein. RCAHMW . Retrieved 17 June 2016.
  7. 1 2 Banks, Ian (20 December 2004). "Porth Wen Brickworks, Anglesey". Urban Realm. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  8. ↑ "Porthwen Brickworks: Silica Quarry (40737)". Coflein. RCAHMW . Retrieved 17 June 2016.
  9. ↑ "Porthwen Brickworks: Silica Quarry; Dinorben Quarry (528)". Coflein. RCAHMW . Retrieved 17 June 2016.
  10. 1 2 3 "Winding House at Porth Wen, Bryn Llewelyn". heritagerecords.nationaltrust.org.uk. National Trust. MNA133966. Retrieved 18 June 2016.
  11. 1 2 "Porthwen Brickworks: Winding Engine House (40740)". Coflein. RCAHMW . Retrieved 17 June 2016.
  12. 1 2 "Porthwen Brickworks: Railway Incline (40738)". Coflein. RCAHMW . Retrieved 17 June 2016.
  13. ↑ "Storage shed at Porth Wen, Bryn Llewelyn". heritagerecords.nationaltrust.org.uk. National Trust. MNA133968. Retrieved 18 June 2016.
  14. ↑ "Incline at Porth Wen, Bryn Llewelyn". heritagerecords.nationaltrust.org.uk. National Trust. MNA133967. Retrieved 18 June 2016.
  15. ↑ "Porthwen Brickworks: Crusher House (40739)". Coflein. RCAHMW . Retrieved 17 June 2016.
  16. 1 2 Jones, Wil. "Porth Wen Brickworks". www.anglesey-hidden-gem.com. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  17. ↑ "Porthwen Brickworks: Moulding Shed and Chimney (40747)". Coflein. RCAHMW . Retrieved 17 June 2016.
  18. ↑ "Porthwen Brickworks: Drying Sheds (40745)". Coflein. RCAHMW . Retrieved 17 June 2016.
  19. ↑ "Porthwen Brickworks: Chimney (40748)". Coflein. RCAHMW . Retrieved 17 June 2016.
  20. ↑ "Porthwen Brickworks: Kiln (1) (40742)". Coflein. RCAHMW . Retrieved 17 June 2016.
  21. ↑ "Porthwen Brickworks: Kiln (2) (40743)". Coflein. RCAHMW . Retrieved 17 June 2016.
  22. ↑ "Porthwen Brickworks: Kiln (3) (40744)". Coflein. RCAHMW . Retrieved 17 June 2016.
  23. ↑ "Porthwen Brickworks: Stirling Boiler House (40749)". Coflein. RCAHMW . Retrieved 17 June 2016.
  24. ↑ "Porthwen Brickworks: Engine House (40741)". Coflein. RCAHMW . Retrieved 17 June 2016.
  25. ↑ "Porthwen Brickworks: Building (40746)". Coflein. RCAHMW . Retrieved 17 June 2016.
  26. ↑ "Porthwen Brickworks: Crane (40751)". Coflein. RCAHMW . Retrieved 17 June 2016.
  27. ↑ "Porthwen Brickworks: Loading Quay (40750)". Coflein. RCAHMW . Retrieved 17 June 2016.
  28. ↑ Cadw (27 October 1986). "Porth Wen Brickworks (AN109)". National Historic Assets of Wales .

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