Pultenaea

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Pultenaea
Pultenaea daphnoides.jpg
Pultenaea daphnoides in Kooyoora State Park
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Faboideae
Clade: Mirbelioids
Genus: Pultenaea
Sm. [1]
Type species
Pultenaea stipularis
Species

See List of Pultenaea species

Pultenaea distribution.png
Range of Pultenaea Sm.
Synonyms [1]
An illustration of Pultenaea stipularis by James Sowerby which appeared in A Specimen of the Botany of New Holland in 1794. Pultenaea stipularis (Sowerby).jpg
An illustration of Pultenaea stipularis by James Sowerby which appeared in A Specimen of the Botany of New Holland in 1794.

Pultenaea is a genus of about 100 species of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae, and is endemic to Australia. Plants in this genus are shrubs with simple leaves and orange or yellow flowers similar to others in the family but with the standard petal equal to or slightly longer than the other petals.

Contents

Description

Plants in the genus Pultenaea are erect to low-lying or prostrate shrubs with simple leaves usually arranged alternately, usually with papery stipules. The flowers are usually orange or yellow with red marking and usually arranged in leaf axils, often in a condensed raceme near the ends of branchlets. There are bracts that are sometimes replaced by enlarged leaf stipules and the bracteoles are usually attached to the base of the sepal tube. The standard petal is equal in length or only slightly longer than the keel and wings. All ten stamens are free from each other, the ovary is usually sessile and the fruit is a small, egg-shaped pod with the remains of the style attached. [2] [3] [4] [5]

Taxonomy

The genus Pultenaea was first formally described by botanist James Edward Smith in 1794 in A Specimen of the Botany of New Holland . [6] The first species he described was P. stipularis from a living specimen raised in Stockwell, England from seed obtained from New South Wales in 1792. [7] Smith named the genus in honour of Richard Pulteney, an English surgeon and botanist, who also was the biographer of Linnaeus. [8]

Species list

See List of Pultenaea species

Phylogeny

Pultenaea belongs to the Mirbelioid clade of the legume subfamily Faboideae. Pultenaea is paraphyletic with respect to several of the other mirbelioid genera. [9] [10]

The genus is not considered to be monophyletic [11] with suggestions of splitting it into six separate subgenera, under a larger genus of Pultenaea sensu lato , which would include 19 out of 25 genera included in the former tribe Mirbelieae. [12]

Speciation

The Mirbelioids have had long isolation in Australia from other Fabaceae families. Pultenaea Sm. underwent explosive starburst radiation during the late Miocene, due to aridity. [12] Geographic speciation factors include east vs. west endemism due to increased aridity and the development of the Nullarbor Plain; subgenera Pultenaea and Corrickosa of eastern Australia split along the Winter–Summer rainfall boundary; subclades within Corrickosa diverged due to marine incursions between South Australia and Victoria. Western Australian species include disjunctions between north and south, and Esperance/Cape Arid. Recent extinctions, possibly due to changed fire regimes and grazing pressure, include P. elusa and P. maidenii. [13]

Distribution

Species of Pultenaea occur in all Australian states and the Australian Capital Territory but not the Northern Territory. [1]

Pultenaea scabra in Brisbane Ranges National Park, Victoria Pultenaea scabra BR.jpg
Pultenaea scabra in Brisbane Ranges National Park, Victoria
Pultenaea pedunculata Pultenaea pedunculata.jpg
Pultenaea pedunculata

Use in horticulture

A number of species are cultivated for their spring flower display. Most of these are fast-growing and adaptable to diverse growing conditions. Propagation is from semi-mature cuttings or seed pre-treated by soaking in hot water. [14]

Three cultivars are registered with the Australian Cultivar Registration Authority:

Related Research Articles

<i>Daviesia</i> Genus of plants

Daviesia, commonly known as bitter-peas, is a genus of about 130 species of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae, and is endemic to Australia. Plants in the genus Daviesia are shrubs or small trees with leaves modified as phyllodes or reduced to scales. The flowers are arranged singly or in groups, usually in leaf axils, the sepals joined at the base with five teeth, the petals usually yellowish with reddish markings and the fruit a pod.

<i>Podolobium</i> Genus of legumes

Podolobium, commonly known as shaggy peas, is a genus of six species of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae that are endemic to eastern Australia. The genus was formally described by botanist Robert Brown in Hortus Kewensis in 1811.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mirbelioids</span> Group of legumes

The Mirbelioids are an informal subdivision of the plant family Fabaceae that includes the former tribes Bossiaeeae and Mirbelieae. They are consistently recovered as a monophyletic clade in molecular phylogenies. The Mirbelioids arose 48.4 ± 1.3 million years ago. Members of this clade are mostly ericoid (sclerophyllous) shrubs with yellow and red flowers found in Australia, Tasmania, and Papua-New Guinea. The name of this clade is informal and is not assumed to have any particular taxonomic rank like the names authorized by the ICBN or the ICPN. Members of this clade exhibit unusual embryology compared to other legumes, either enlarged antipodal cells in the embryo sac or the production of multiple embryo sacs. There has been a shift from bee pollination to bird pollination several times in this clade. Mirbelioids produce quinolizidine alkaloids, but unlike most papilionoids, they do not produce isoflavones. Many of the Mirbelioids have pseudoraceme inflorescences.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Michael Crisp</span> Australian botanist

Michael Douglas Crisp is an emeritus professor in the Research School of Biology at the Australian National University located in Canberra. In 1976, he gained a PhD from the University of Adelaide, studying long-term vegetation changes in arid zones of South Australia. In 2020, Crisp moved to Brisbane, where he has an honorary position at the University of Queensland. Together with colleagues, he revised various pea-flowered legume genera.

Carolyn F. Wilkins is an Australian botanist, who currently works for the Western Australian Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.

<i>Pultenaea borea</i> Species of flowering plant

Pultenaea borea is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to Queensland, Australia. It is an erect shrub with elliptic to linear or egg-shaped leaves and yellow to orange and red flowers.

Pultenaea bracteamajor is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to Queensland. It is an erect shrub with cylindrical leaves and yellow to orange and red flowers.

Pultenaea bracteaminor is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to Queensland. It is an erect shrub with cylindrical leaves and yellow to orange and red flowers.

Pultenaea craigiana is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to near Ravensthorpe in the south of Western Australia. It is an erect, spindly shrub with densely hairy young stems, egg-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, and yellow and red flowers.

Pultenaea elusa, commonly known as elusive bush-pea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to a small area of New South Wales. It is a low shrub with sharply-pointed linear leaves, and dense clusters of yellow to orange and red to purple flowers. It has not been seen since 1938.

<i>Pultenaea parrisiae</i> Species of legume

Pultenaea parrisiae, commonly known as bantam bush-pea, or Parris's bush-pea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to south eastern continental Australia. It is a low-lying sub-shrub with linear to lance-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, and yellow to purple flowers with red markings.

Pultenaea robusta is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is an erect shrub with hairy branches, linear leaves, and yellow to orange and red to purple, pea-like flowers.

Pultenaea rodwayi is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to south-eastern New South Wales. It is an erect shrub with hairy branchlets, linear leaves, and yellow to orange and red, pea-like flowers.

<i>Pultenaea stricta</i> Species of plant


Pultenaea stricta, commonly known as rigid bush-pea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to south-eastern continental Australia. It is a slender, erect or low-lying shrub with elliptic to egg-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, and yellow and red, pea-like flowers.

Pultenaea strobilifera is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an open to dense, domed or spindly, erect shrub with simple leaves and yellow-orange and salmon pink to bright pink flowers.

<i>Pultenaea subalpina</i> Species of plant


Pultenaea subalpina, commonly known as rosy bush-pea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to a restricted area of Victoria. It is a rigid, prostrate to erect or spreading shrub with linear leaves and pink, pea-like flowers.

<i>Pultenaea subspicata</i> Species of plant


Pultenaea subspicata, commonly known as low bush-pea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to south-eastern continental Australia. It is a low-lying, prostrate or mat-forming shrub with elliptic leaves and yellow to pink and orange-red, pea-like flowers.

Pultenaea vestita, commonly known as feather bush-pea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to south-western continental Australia. It is an erect to prostrate, sometimes mat-forming shrub with elliptic to linear or lance-shaped leaves, and yellow and red, pea-like flowers.

Pultenaea indira is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect or low-lying shrub with plate-like or fissured bark near the base, densely hairy stems above, linear to lance-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, and yellow, red and maroon flowers.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Pultenaea". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 17 June 2021.
  2. "Genus Pultenaea". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 17 June 2021.
  3. "Pultenaea Sm". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  4. "Pultenaea". State Herbarium of South Australia. Retrieved 17 June 2021.
  5. Corrick, Margaret G. "Pultenaea". Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. Retrieved 17 June 2021.
  6. "Pultenaea". Australian Plant Name Index. Retrieved 17 June 2021.
  7. Smith, James E. (1794). A Specimen of the Botany of New Holland. London. pp. 35–38. Retrieved 17 June 2021.
  8. Crisp M. (2 May 2009). "Fabaceae tribe Mirbelieae: Pultenaea". The Australian National University. Archived from the original on 14 October 2009. Retrieved 15 October 2009.
  9. Crisp M, Cook LG. (2003). "Phylogeny and embryo sac evolution in the endemic Australasian papilionoid tribes Mirbelieae and Bossiaeeae". In Klitgaard BB, Bruneau A (ed.). Advances in Legume Systematics, Part 10: Higher Level Systematics. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. pp. 253–268. ISBN   9781842460542.
  10. Bickford SA, Laffan SW, de Kok RPJ, Orthia LA. (2004). "Spatial analysis of taxonomic and genetic patterns and their potential for understanding evolutionary histories". Journal of Biogeography. 31 (11): 1715–173. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2004.01127.x. S2CID   84466412.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  11. Orthia LA, Cook LG, Crisp MD. (2005). "Generic delimitation and phylogenetic uncertainty: An example from a group that has undergone an explosive radiation". Aust Syst Bot . 18 (1): 41–47. doi:10.1071/SB04016.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. 1 2 Orthia LA, Cook LG, Crisp MD, deKok RPJ. (2005). "Bush peas: A rapid radiation with no support for monophyly of Pultenaea (Fabaceae: Mirbelieae)". Aust Syst Bot . 18 (2): 133–147. doi:10.1071/SB04028.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  13. de Kok RPJ, West JG. (2004). "A revision of the genus Pultenaea (Fabaceae). 3. The eastern species with recurved leaves". Aust Syst Bot . 17 (3): 273–326. doi:10.1071/SB02028.
  14. Greig D. (1987). The Australian Gardener's Wildflower Catalogue. Australia: Angus & Robertson. ISBN   978-0207154607.
  15. "List of Registered Cultivars derived from Australian native flora". Australian Cultivar Registration Authority. Retrieved 2009-10-14.

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