Purshia tridentata

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Bitterbrush
Purshia tridentata 9732.JPG
Purshia tridentata, Wenas Wildlife Area
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Rosaceae
Genus: Purshia
Species:
P. tridentata
Binomial name
Purshia tridentata
Synonyms [1]
  • Tigarea tridentataPursh

Purshia tridentata, with the common name bitterbrush, [1] [2] [3] is a shrub in the genus Purshia of the family Rosaceae. It is native to mountainous areas of western North America. [3]

Contents

Common names include antelope bitterbrush, [3] [2] antelope bush, [2] buckbrush, quinine brush, and less commonly deerbrush, blackbrush, and greasewood. [4] Some of these names are shared with other species.

Description

Purshia tridentata is a deciduous shrub growing to a height of 1–5 metres (3+1216+12 feet). It has many branches and slender green, [5] three- to five-lobed leaves 520 millimetres long. It is a nitrogen-fixing plant. [6]

The flowers are pale yellow, [5] with five petals 68 mm long, and darker yellow anthers. The fruit is a cluster of dry, slender, leathery achenes 0.62 centimetres long.

Varieties

There are two named varieties of the species:

Distribution

The plant is found from southeastern British Columbia in the north, east to Montana and Wyoming, south to New Mexico, and west in California. [3] It grows on arid mountainsides and slopes, as well as rocky or drained soils with somewhat more moisture than the sagebrush steppe. [5] It is often associated with Balsamorhiza as well as Wyethia species, and in southern areas hybridizes with Purshia stansburyana . [5]

In California it occurs between 700–3,400 m (2,300–11,200 ft) above sea level, including in the Peninsular Ranges, Transverse Ranges, and Sierra Nevada, and southern Cascade Range. [2] [9] Further north it occurs at lower elevations, such as at 320–1,065 m (1,050–3,494 ft) in British Columbia. [10]

Uses

The shrub is an important forage plant for many game animals, including deer, [5] especially during the winter. [11]

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References

  1. 1 2 James Henrickson, "Purshia tridentata (Pursh) de Candolle, Trans. Linn. Soc. London. 12: 158. 1818", Flora of North America, vol. 9
  2. 1 2 3 4 CalFlora Database:Purshia tridentata . accessed 9.22.2013
  3. 1 2 3 4 USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Purshia tridentata". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 16 October 2015.
  4. United States Congressional serial set. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1861.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Taylor, Ronald J. (1994) [1992]. Sagebrush Country: A Wildflower Sanctuary (rev. ed.). Missoula, MT: Mountain Press Pub. Co. p. 126. ISBN   0-87842-280-3. OCLC   25708726.
  6. David Andrews Dalton (1975). Nitrogen fixation by Purshia tridentata: some ecological aspects and root nodule anatomy. Oregon State University. Retrieved 16 November 2011.
  7. CalFlora Database: Purshia tridentata var. glandulosa
  8. CalFlora Database: Purshia tridentata var. tridentata
  9. Brian Vanden Heuvel & Thomas J. Rosatti 2016. Purshia tridentata, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, accessed 19 June 2016
  10. E-FLORA BC: Electronic Atlas of the Flora of British Columbia
  11. Whitney, Stephen (1985). Western Forests (The Audubon Society Nature Guides). New York: Knopf. p.  401. ISBN   0-394-73127-1.