Radeon R400 series

Last updated
ATI Radeon X700/X800 series
RadeonX850logo.png
Release date2004–2005
CodenameLoki
ArchitectureRadeon R400
Cards
Entry-levelNone
Mid-rangeX700, X740
High-endX800
EnthusiastX850
API support
DirectX Direct3D 9.0b
Shader Model 2.0b
OpenGL OpenGL 2.0
History
Predecessor Radeon 9000 series
Radeon X300 series
Radeon X500 series
Radeon X600 series
Successor Radeon X1000 series
Support status
Unsupported

The R420 GPU, developed by ATI Technologies, was the company's basis for its 3rd-generation DirectX 9.0/OpenGL 2.0-capable graphics cards. Used first on the Radeon X800, the R420 was produced on a 0.13 micrometer (130 nm) low-K photolithography process and used GDDR-3 memory. The chip was designed for AGP graphics cards.

Contents

Driver support of this core was discontinued as of Catalyst 9.4, and as a result there is no official Windows 7 support for any of the X700 - X850 products. [1]

Development

In terms of supported DirectX features, R420 (codenamed Loki) was very similar to the R300. R420 basically takes a "wider is better" approach to the previous architecture, with some small tweaks thrown in to enhance it in various ways. The chip came equipped with over double the pixel and vertex pushing resources compared to the Radeon 9800 XT's R360 (a minor evolution of the R350), with 16 DirectX 9.0b pixel pipelines and 16 ROPs. One would not be far off seeing the X800 XT basically as a pair of Radeon 9800 cores connected together and also running with a ~30% higher clock speed.

The R420 design was a 4 "quad" arrangement (4 pipelines per quad.) This organization internally allowed ATI to disable defective "quads" and sell chips with 12, 8 or even 4 pixel pipelines, an evolution of the technique used with Radeon 9500/9700 and 9800SE/9800. The separation into "quads" also allowed ATI to design a system to optimize the efficiency of the overall chip. Coined the "quad dispatch system", the screen is tiled and work is spread out evenly among the separate "quads" to optimize their throughput. This is how the R300-series chips performed their tasks as well, but R420 refined this by allowing programmable tile sizes in order to control work flow on a finer level of granularity. Apparently by reducing tile sizes, ATI was able to optimize for different triangle sizes.

When ATI doubled the number of pixel pipelines, they also raised the number of vertex shader engines from 4 to 6. This changed the ratio of pixel/vertex shaders from 2:1 (on R300) to 8:3, showing that ATI believed the workload in games as of 2004 and onward to be more pixel shader and texturing oriented than geometry based. Normal and parallax mapping were replacing sheer geometric complexity for model detail, so undoubtedly that was part of the reasoning. Strangely, the X700 mainstream card (RV410) had 6 vertex shaders while only being equipped with 2 quads. As such, this chip was obviously designed for a heavier geometry load than texturing, perhaps being tailored for a role as a FireGL chip. RV410 also significantly outgunned NVIDIA's GeForce 6600GT (3 vertex shaders) on geometry throughput. With R420's and RV410's 6 vertex shaders combined with higher clock speeds than the previous generation, ATI was able to more than double the geometry processing capability of 9800XT.

Although the R420-based chips are fundamentally similar to R300-based cores, ATI did tweak and enhance the pixel shader units for more flexibility. A new pixel shader version (PS2.b) allowed slightly greater shader program flexibility than plain PS2.0, but was still shy of full PS3.0 capabilities. This new revision to PS2.0 increased the maximum number of instructions and registers available to pixel shader programs. [2]

ATI revealed Temporal Anti-Aliasing, a new anti-aliasing technology their chips were capable of. By taking advantage of the frame-to-eye effects of a framerate higher than 60 frame/s, the GPU is able to better smooth aliased edges by rotating the anti-aliasing sampling pattern between frames. A 2X software setting became perceptively equivalent to 4X. Unfortunately, it required the system to be able to maintain at least 60 frame/s or temporal anti-aliasing would cause a noticeable flickering, because the user would be able to see the alternating AA patterns. If the framerate could not be maintained, the driver will disable Temporal AA. However, in games which this performance level could be maintained, Temporal AA was a nice addition to ATI's excellent anti-aliasing options. Note, ATI's "Temporal AA" was actually a temporal dithering filter for spatial AA, not de facto temporal anti-aliasing (which must involve a controlled blending of the temporal subsamples from consecutive screens).

ATI's Ruby: The Doublecross X800 promo demo Wp ruby 2-rev.jpg
ATI's Ruby: The Doublecross X800 promo demo

Another notable addition to the core was a new kind of normal map compression, dubbed "3Dc". Similar to how texture compression had been part of the Direct3D specification for years and was used for compressing regular textures, normal map compression compacted this new type of surface detail layer. Because DirectX Texture Compression (DXTC) was block-based and not designed for a normal map's different data properties, a new compression method was needed to prevent loss of detail and other artifacting. 3Dc was based on a modified DXT5 mode, which in fact was a fallback option for hardware not supporting 3Dc. Software making heavy use of normal mapping could gain a significant speed boost from the savings in fillrate and bandwidth by using 3Dc. ATI showcased many of their chip's new features in the promotional real-time demo called, Ruby: The Doublecross.

Most of the rest of the GPU was extremely similar to R300. The memory controller and memory bandwidth optimization techniques (HyperZ) were identical.

R420 was actually a secondary 4th generation project for ATI, with the original R400 plan, internally codenamed "Crayola", being scrapped. [3] R400 would have been more feature-complete, with unified Shader Model 3 shader support among other enhancements, but it is believed that ATI deemed R400 unnecessarily complex for the applications that would be available, and potentially risky to develop on the available semiconductor manufacturing processes of the time. [4] The R400 architecture was thus implemented only in the Xenos chip used in the Xbox 360 video game console, [5] and became the base for the Qualcomm Adreno 200 mobile GPU, initially called the AMD Z430. [6] In the Radeon line, the support for Direct3D 9.0c features moved to the subsequent generation based on the R500 architecture, while the 4th generation was served with the R300-derived R420.

Releases of the R420 and the next ATI GPU without major architecture modification

A Gigabyte Radeon X800 XT PE Gigabyte GV-R80X256V 20060706.jpg
A Gigabyte Radeon X800 XT PE
A Sapphire Radeon X800 Pro ATI@130nm@Fixed-pipeline@R420@RadeonX800Pro@215RADCGA12F GF5655.1 DSC01295 (24932365343).jpg
A Sapphire Radeon X800 Pro

The earliest Radeon X800 series cards were based on the R420 core. The line included the Radeon X800 XT Platinum Edition and the Radeon X800 Pro. The X800 XT PE came clocked at 520 MHz core and 560 MHz RAM, with 16 pipelines enabled. The X800 Pro came clocked at 475/450 MHz with one quad disabled, leaving 12 pixel pipelines functional. Essentially, the X800 Pro is built on semi-defective R420 cores. An X800 Pro VIVO (Video-in-Video-out) was also released and was popular with overclockers because the disabled quad could usually be enabled, resulting in a fully functional X800 XT PE at a lower cost.

The Radeon X700 (RV410) series replaced the X600 in September 2004. X700 Pro is clocked at 425 MHz core, and produced on a 0.11 micrometre process. RV410 used a layout consisting of 8 pixel pipelines connected to 4 ROPs (similar to GeForce 6600) while maintaining the 6 vertex shaders of X800. The 110 nm process was a cost-cutting process, designed not for high clock speeds but for reducing die size while maintaining high yields. An X700 XT was planned for production, and reviewed by various hardware web sites, but was never released. It was believed that X700 XT set too high of a clock ceiling for ATI to profitably produce. X700 XT was also not adequately competitive with nVidia's impressive GeForce 6600GT. ATI would go on produce a card in the X800 series to compete instead.

A PowerColor Radeon X850 XT PowerColor Radeon X850XT PE.jpg
A PowerColor Radeon X850 XT

The Radeon X800 "R430"-based 110 nanometer series was introduced at the end of 2004 along with ATI's new X850 cards. The X800 was designed to replace the position X700 XT failed to secure, with 12 pipelines and a 256-bit RAM bus. The card more than surpassed the 6600GT with performance similar to that of the GeForce 6800. A close relative, the new X800 XL, was positioned to dethrone NVIDIA's GeForce 6800 GT with higher memory speeds and a full 16 pipelines to boost performance. R430 was unable to reach high clock speeds, being mainly designed to reduce the cost per GPU, and so a new top-of-the-line core was still needed. The new high-end R4x0-generation arrived with the X850 series, equipped with various core tweaks for slightly higher performance than the "R420"-based X800 series. The "R480"-based X850 line was available in 3 forms: the X850 Pro, the X850 XT, and the X850 XT Platinum Edition, and was built on the reliable high-performance 130 nm Low-K process.

In 2005, ATI had a large number of dies that "worked" but not well enough to be used on the X800 or X850 series cards. So a new SKU was created, the X800 GT. It used any "R480" X850 die or "R430" X800 XL die that had 2 functional quads and could run at 475 MHz. They were meant to compete with the GeForce 6600GT beside the previous "R430"-based X800. ATI also released the X800 GTO, which was a 12 pipeline card (3 quads) using either "R480" or "R430" dies clocked at 400 MHz. This card performed between the X800 GT and the X800 XL. It was faster than the plain GeForce 6800, but slower than GeForce 6800 GT. High sales for this card were due to its relatively high performance coupled with a cost only slightly higher than the X800 GT. The overclocking community discovered that the R480-based GTO could frequently reach clock speeds near the X850 XT.

Finally, another SKU was the X800 GTO², again based on R480. It was again manufactured by Sapphire Technology, like the X800 GTO. This card usually came with a 3 quad configuration, like X800 GTO. The GTO² was unique in the GTx series because, with a BIOS change, they could almost always be turned into a full 4 quad card. [7] Some X800 GTO² cards shipped with the full 4 quads already enabled, but of these some were R430 instead of R480 and weren't able to reach X850-like clock speeds. The final variations of the GTO series were the special GTO boards with 16 pipelines officially enabled, such as Powercolor's "R430"-based X800 GTO-16.

Table of models

AGP (X7xx, X8xx)

ModelLaunch
Code name
Fab (nm)
Core clock (MHz)
Memory clock (MHz)
Core config1
 Fillrate Memory
Performance (FLOPS)
TDP (Watts)
MOperations/s
MPixels/s
MTexels/s
MVertices/s
Size (MB)
Bandwidth (GB/s)
Bus type
Bus width (bit)
Radeon X700Mar 2005RV410 (alto)1104003508:6:8:8320032003200600128, 25611.2DDR128 ?31
Radeon X700 ProMar 1, 2005425432340034003400637.513.824GDDR3 ?39
Radeon X800 SEOct 2004R420 (loki)130400680025625.6256 ? ?
Radeon X800 GTDecember 6, 20054754908:6:8:16380076003800712.531.36 ?35
Radeon X800Dec. 2004R43011040035012:6:12:1648006400480060022.4 ? ?
Radeon X800 GTODecember 6, 2005R420 (loki)13049031.36 ?31
Radeon X800 ProMay 5, 2004475450570076005700712.528.8 ?49
Radeon X800 XLFebruary 2, 2005R43011040049016:6:16:1664006400640060031.36 ?57
Radeon X800 XTMay 4, 2004R420 (loki)13050050080008000800075032 ?86
Radeon X800 XT PE52056083208320832078035.84 ?87
Radeon X850 ProFebruary 28, 2005R48150752012:6:12:16608481126084760.533.28 ? ?
Radeon X850 XT52054016:6:16:1683208320832078034.56 ?86
Radeon X850 XT PE54059086408640864081037.76 ? ?

1 Pixel shaders  : Vertex shaders  : Texture mapping units  : Render output units

PCIe (X5xx, X7xx, X8xx series)

ModelLaunch
Code name
Fab (nm)
Core clock (MHz)
Memory clock (MHz)
Core config1
 Fillrate Memory
Performance (FLOPS)
TDP (Watts)
MOperations/s
MPixels/s
MTexels/s
MVertices/s
Size (MB)
Bandwidth (GB/s)
Bus type
Bus width (bit)
Radeon X550 XTJanuary 24, 2007RV410 (alto)1104003004:6:4:81600320016006001284.8

9.6

DDR

GDDR3

64

128

 ? ?
Radeon X550 XTX8:6:8:832003200 ? ?
Radeon X700 SEApril 1, 2005200
250		4:6:4:8160016001283.2DDR64 ? ?
Radeon X700 LEDecember 21, 20042508:6:8:8320032001284 ?29
Radeon X1050 (RV410)Jan, 25, 2008200128, 2566.4128 ?20
Radeon X700Sept. 2005250
350		8
11.2		 ?31
Radeon X700 ProDecember 21, 2004425432340034003400637.5128, 25613.824GDDR3 ?39
Radeon X700 XTNever Released475525380038003800712.5128, 25616.8 ?38
Radeon X740 XLMarch 7, 2005 (Medion OEM)425450340034003400637.512814.4 ?34
Radeon X800 GT 128 MBAugust 1, 2005R423
R480 (thor)		1304751758:6:8:16380076003800712.512822.4DDR256 ?32
Radeon X800 GT 256 MB49025631.36GDDR3 ?35
Radeon X800December 1, 2004R430 (thor)11039235012:6:12:16470462724704588128, 25622.4 ? ?
Radeon X800 GTO 128 MBSeptember 15, 2005R423
R480
R430 (thor)		130
110		40048006400480060012822.4 ?30
Radeon X800 GTO 256 MB49025631.36 ?31
Radeon X800 ProMay 5, 2004R423 (thor)130475450570076005700712.528.8 ?49
Radeon X800 XLDecember 1, 2004 (256 MB)
May 4, 2005 (512 MB)		R430 (thor)11040049016:6:16:16640064006400600256, 51231.36 ?56
Radeon X800 XTDecember 1, 2004R423 (thor)13050050080008000800075025632 ?83
Radeon X800 XT Platinum EditionMay 5, 200452056083208320832078035.84 ?88
Radeon X850 ProDecember 1, 2004R480 (thor)50752012:6:12:16608481126084760.533.28 ? ?
Radeon X850 XT52054016:6:16:1683208320832078034.56 ?86
Radeon X850 XT CrossFire MasterSeptember 29, 200452034.56 ? ?
Radeon X850 XT Platinum EditionDecember 21, 200454059086408640864081037.76 ? ?
ModelLaunch
Code name
Fab (nm)
Core clock (MHz)
Memory clock (MHz)
Core config1
MOperations/s
MPixels/s
MTexels/s
MVertices/s
Size (MB)
Bandwidth (GB/s)
Bus type
Bus width (bit)
Performance (FLOPS)
TDP (Watts)
FillrateMemory

1 Pixel shaders  : Vertex Shaders  : Texture mapping units  : Render output units

IGP (X2xx, 11xx series)

ModelLaunch
Code name
Fab (nm)
Bus interface
Core clock (MHz)
Memory clock (MHz)
Core config1
 Fillrate Memory
MOperations/s
MPixels/s
MTexels/s
MVertices/s
Size (MiB)
Bandwidth (GB/s)
Bus type
Bus width (bit)
Radeon Xpress X200November 8, 2004RS480 (metallo)130 HT 300200-400 (DDR), 200 (sideport)4:2:2:2600600600016-128 system + 16 sideport1.6-6.4 system + 0.8 sideportDDR64, 128
Radeon Xpress 1100 (originally Xpress 200)2005RS482 (grayskull)110HT300200-400 (DDR), 400-800 (DDR2)16-128 system1.6-

12.8 system

DDR, DDR2
Radeon Xpress 1150 (originally Xpress 200 for Intel)March 11, 2005 (Intel), May 23, 2006 (AMD)RC400, RC410, RS400, RS415, RS485HT, FSB4008008008001.6-12.8

1 Pixel shaders  : Vertex Shaders  : Texture mapping units  : Render output units

Mobile GPUs

These GPUs are either integrated into the mainboard or occupy a Mobile PCI Express Module (MXM).

Mobility Radeon series

ModelLaunch
Model number
Code name
Fab (nm)
Core clock (MHz)
Memory clock (MHz)
Core config1
 Fillrate Memory API compliance (version)
Notes
Pixel (GP/s)
Texture (GT/s)
Size (MB)
Bandwidth (GB/s)
Bus type
Bus width (bit)
Mobility Radeon 9800Sep 2004M18R420130AGP 8×3503004:8:8:82.82.8256DDR19.22569.02.0

1 Vertex shaders  : Pixel shaders  : Texture mapping units  : Render output units.

Mobility Radeon X700, X800 series

ModelLaunch
Model number
Code name
Fab (nm)
Core clock (MHz)
Memory clock (MHz)
Core config1
 Fillrate Memory API compliance (version)
Notes
Pixel (GP/s)
Texture (GT/s)
Size (MB)
Bandwidth (GB/s)
Bus type
Bus width (bit)
Mobility Radeon X700Mar 2005M26RV410110PCIe ×16400-100 (PowerPlay)350-2006:8:8:41.42.8Shared-128? 64, 12811.2DDR, GDDR31289.0b2.03DC, dynamic lane count switching
Mobility Radeon X800Nov 2004M28R4231304004006:12:12:124.84.825625.6GDDR32563DC, DLCS, Clock Gating
Mobility Radeon X800 XTJun 2005M28 PROR4231304805506:16:16:167.687.6835.2

1 Vertex shaders  : Pixel shaders  : Texture mapping units  : Render output units.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">High-Level Shader Language</span> Shading language

The High-Level Shader Language or High-Level Shading Language (HLSL) is a proprietary shading language developed by Microsoft for the Direct3D 9 API to augment the shader assembly language, and went on to become the required shading language for the unified shader model of Direct3D 10 and higher.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GeForce 4 series</span> Series of GPUs by Nvidia

The GeForce 4 series refers to the fourth generation of Nvidia's GeForce line of graphics processing units (GPUs). There are two different GeForce4 families, the high-performance Ti family, and the budget MX family. The MX family spawned a mostly identical GeForce4 Go (NV17M) family for the laptop market. All three families were announced in early 2002; members within each family were differentiated by core and memory clock speeds. In late 2002, there was an attempt to form a fourth family, also for the laptop market, the only member of it being the GeForce4 4200 Go (NV28M) which was derived from the Ti line.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GeForce 6 series</span> Series of GPUs by Nvidia

The GeForce 6 series is the sixth generation of Nvidia's GeForce line of graphics processing units. Launched on April 14, 2004, the GeForce 6 family introduced PureVideo post-processing for video, SLI technology, and Shader Model 3.0 support.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Voodoo 5</span> Graphics card line

The Voodoo 5 was the last and most powerful graphics card line that was released by 3dfx Interactive. All members of the family were based upon the VSA-100 graphics processor. Only the single-chip Voodoo 4 4500 and dual-chip Voodoo 5 5500 made it to market.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HyperZ</span> Brand for a set of GPU processing techniques by ATI

HyperZ is the brand for a set of processing techniques developed by ATI Technologies and later Advanced Micro Devices and implemented in their Radeon-GPUs. HyperZ was announced in November 2000 and was still available in the TeraScale-based Radeon HD 2000 Series and in current Graphics Core Next-based graphics products.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Radeon R200 series</span> Series of video cards

The R200 is the second generation of GPUs used in Radeon graphics cards and developed by ATI Technologies. This GPU features 3D acceleration based upon Microsoft Direct3D 8.1 and OpenGL 1.3, a major improvement in features and performance compared to the preceding Radeon R100 design. The GPU also includes 2D GUI acceleration, video acceleration, and multiple display outputs. "R200" refers to the development codename of the initially released GPU of the generation. It is the basis for a variety of other succeeding products.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Xenos (graphics chip)</span> GPU used in the Xbox 360

The Xenos is a custom graphics processing unit (GPU) designed by ATI, used in the Xbox 360 video game console developed and produced for Microsoft. Developed under the codename "C1", it is in many ways related to the R520 architecture and therefore very similar to an ATI Radeon X1800 XT series of PC graphics cards as far as features and performance are concerned. However, the Xenos introduced new design ideas that were later adopted in the TeraScale microarchitecture, such as the unified shader architecture. The package contains two separate dies, the GPU and an eDRAM, featuring a total of 337 million transistors.

The R520 is a graphics processing unit (GPU) developed by ATI Technologies and produced by TSMC. It was the first GPU produced using a 90 nm photolithography process.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Radeon R300 series</span> Series of video cards

The R300 GPU, introduced in August 2002 and developed by ATI Technologies, is its third generation of GPU used in Radeon graphics cards. This GPU features 3D acceleration based upon Direct3D 9.0 and OpenGL 2.0, a major improvement in features and performance compared to the preceding R200 design. R300 was the first fully Direct3D 9-capable consumer graphics chip. The processors also include 2D GUI acceleration, video acceleration, and multiple display outputs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Radeon R100 series</span> Series of video cards

The Radeon R100 is the first generation of Radeon graphics chips from ATI Technologies. The line features 3D acceleration based upon Direct3D 7.0 and OpenGL 1.3, and all but the entry-level versions offloading host geometry calculations to a hardware transform and lighting (T&L) engine, a major improvement in features and performance compared to the preceding Rage design. The processors also include 2D GUI acceleration, video acceleration, and multiple display outputs. "R100" refers to the development codename of the initially released GPU of the generation. It is the basis for a variety of other succeeding products.

In computer graphics, a texture mapping unit (TMU) is a component in modern graphics processing units (GPUs). They are able to rotate, resize, and distort a bitmap image to be placed onto an arbitrary plane of a given 3D model as a texture, in a process called texture mapping. In modern graphics cards it is implemented as a discrete stage in a graphics pipeline, whereas when first introduced it was implemented as a separate processor, e.g. as seen on the Voodoo2 graphics card.

The Radeon R430 chip from ATI Technologies can be found in some models of the Radeon X800 GTO video card. The Radeon X800 "R430"-based 110 nanometer series was introduced at the end of 2004 along with ATI's new X850 cards. The X800 was designed to replace the position X700 XT failed to secure, with 12 pipelines and a 256-bit RAM bus. The card more than surpassed the 6600GT with performance similar to that of the GeForce 6800. A close relative, the new X800 XL, was positioned to dethrone Nvidia's GeForce 6800 GT with higher memory speeds and a full 16 pipelines to boost performance. R430 was unable to reach high clock speeds, being mainly designed to reduce the cost per graphics processing unit (GPU), and so a new top-of-the-line core was still needed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Radeon HD 5000 series</span> Series of video cards

The Evergreen series is a family of GPUs developed by Advanced Micro Devices for its Radeon line under the ATI brand name. It was employed in Radeon HD 5000 graphics card series and competed directly with Nvidia's GeForce 400 series.

Radeon X800 is a series of graphics cards designed by ATI Technologies Inc. introduced in May 2004.

The Radeon X700 (RV410) series replaced the X600 in September 2004. X700 Pro is clocked at 425 MHz core, and produced on a 0.11 micrometre process. RV410 used a layout consisting of 8 pixel pipelines connected to 4 ROPs while maintaining the 6 vertex shaders of X800. The 110 nm process was a cost-cutting process, designed not for high clock speeds but for reducing die size while maintaining high yields. An X700 XT was planned for production, and reviewed by various hardware web sites, but was never released. It was believed that X700 XT set too high of a clock ceiling for ATI to profitably produce. X700 XT was also not adequately competitive with nVidia's impressive GeForce 6600GT. ATI would go on produce a card in the X800 series to compete instead.

ATI released the Radeon X300 and X600 boards. These were based on the RV370 and RV380 GPU respectively. They were nearly identical to the chips used in Radeon 9550 and 9600, only differing in that they were native PCI Express offerings. These were very popular for Dell and other OEM companies to sell in various configurations; connectors: DVI vs. DMS-59, card height: full-height vs. half-height.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Radeon 9000 series</span> Series of video cards

The R300 GPU, introduced in August 2002 and developed by ATI Technologies, is its third generation of GPU used in Radeon graphics cards. This GPU features 3D acceleration based upon Direct3D 9.0 and OpenGL 2.0, a major improvement in features and performance compared to the preceding R200 design. R300 was the first fully Direct3D 9-capable consumer graphics chip. The processors also include 2D GUI acceleration, video acceleration, and multiple display outputs.

The R200 is the second generation of GPUs used in Radeon graphics cards and developed by ATI Technologies. This GPU features 3D acceleration based upon Microsoft Direct3D 8.1 and OpenGL 1.3, a major improvement in features and performance compared to the preceding Radeon R100 design. The GPU also includes 2D GUI acceleration, video acceleration, and multiple display outputs. "R200" refers to the development codename of the initially released GPU of the generation. It is the basis for a variety of other succeeding products.

TeraScale is the codename for a family of graphics processing unit microarchitectures developed by ATI Technologies/AMD and their second microarchitecture implementing the unified shader model following Xenos. TeraScale replaced the old fixed-pipeline microarchitectures and competed directly with Nvidia's first unified shader microarchitecture named Tesla.

References

  1. ↑ "ATI Catalyst™ Legacy Display Driver". Archived from the original on 2009-05-07. Retrieved 2010-01-04.
  2. ↑ Baumann, Dave. ATI Radeon X800 XT Platinum Edition / PRO Review, Beyond3d.Com, May 4, 2004.
  3. ↑ "ATI R400". endian.net. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007.
  4. ↑ "What was the original R400?". Beyond3D Forum. 11 November 2004. Retrieved 10 December 2021.
  5. ↑ "Ex. 2050 - R400 Document Library FH - folder_history (PROTECTIVE ORDER) — IPR2015-00325 - LG Electronics, Inc. v. ATI Technologies ULC". Unified Patents. 9 September 2015. Retrieved 10 December 2021.
  6. ↑ "AMD Receives Next-Generation OpenGL ES 2.0 Graphics Technology Certification". TechPowerUp. 11 June 2008. Retrieved 10 December 2021.
  7. ↑ Baxtor, Shane. Unlocking the Sapphire X800 GTO² - 12 vs. 16 Pipe Adventure, Tweaktown.Com, October 20, 2005.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.