| Redonographa | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Graphidales |
| Family: | Redonographaceae Lumbsch (2020) |
| Genus: | Redonographa Lücking, Tehler & Lumbsch (2013) |
| Type species | |
| Redonographa chilensis (Zahlbr.) Lücking & Tehler (2013) | |
| Species | |
R. chilensis Contents | |
Redonographa is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the monogeneric family Redonographaceae. [1] It has five species. [2]
In 2013, lichenologists Robert Lücking, Anders Tehler, and Helge Thorsten Lumbsch proposed the new subfamily Redonographoideae to contain a lineage of lichen-forming fungi distinct from the Graphidaceae subfamilies Fissurinoideae and Graphidoideae. They introduced the genus Redonographa with Redonographa chilensis assigned its type species. Four species were initially included in the genus; [3] a fifth was added in 2020. [4] The genus is named in honour of Jorge Redón Figueroa (botany professor at Viña del Mar University and a professor emeritus at both the University of Chile (Faculty of Sciences) and the University of Valparaíso (Institute of Oceanology) for his significant contributions to Chilean lichenology. [3]
In 2020, Lumbsch proposed the family Redonographaceae, with the authority "(Lücking, Tehler & Lumbsch) Lumbsch, stat nov.". [5] In botanical taxonomy, "stat. nov." is an abbreviation for the Latin term "status novus," ("new status"), and is used to indicate that an existing taxon (in this case, the subfamily Redonographoideae) has been reclassified or reassigned to a different rank or status within the taxonomic hierarchy. [5]
The genus Redonographa is distinct from Carbacanthographis due to its predominantly saxicolous growth habit, meaning it grows on rocks, and its predominantly smooth periphysoids , which are hair-like extensions found in the lirellae . The thallus, or outer layer of the lichen body, is relatively thick and varies in appearance from continuous to areolate . It may be ecorticate , meaning it lacks a cortex , or feature a compacted pseudocortex . [3]
The lirellae, or fruiting structures, of Redonographa lichens can be erumpent to prominent and display a variety of forms, from unbranched to stellate (star-like) branching or even appearing in pseudostromatic clusters. These lirellae are surrounded by a basal to almost complete thalline margin . As they mature, their excipulum , or outer covering, becomes fully carbonized , arching over the hymenium and featuring short, smooth or apically warty periphysoids above it. The hymenium of these lichens is clear. [3]
Each ascus, or spore-producing sac, in Redonographa lichens contains eight ascospores . These spores are ellipsoid to oblong in shape and have 3–5 transverse septa or are somewhat muriform with 3–5 transverse and 0–2 longitudinal septa per segment. The spores have thickened septa and lens-shaped to rounded lumina , and they are transparent. These ascospores exhibit a negative iodine (Lugol) reaction. In terms of secondary chemistry, Redonographa lichens produce norstictic acid. [3]
Central and northern Chile appears to be the centre of diversity for Redonographa. [3]
The Gomphillaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Graphidales. Species in this family are found mostly in tropical regions.
The Graphidaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Graphidales. The family contains nearly a hundred genera and more than 2000 species. Although the family has a cosmopolitan distribution, most Graphidaceae species occur in tropical regions, and typically grow on bark.
Gymnographopsis is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Redonographaceae.
Carbacanthographis is a genus of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichens in the family Graphidaceae. The genus was circumscribed by German lichenologists Bettina Staiger and Klaus Kalb in 2002. An updated worldwide key to the genus was published in 2022 that added 17 new species.
Dictyonema is a genus of mainly tropical basidiolichens in the family Hygrophoraceae.
Kalbionora is a lichen genus in the family Malmideaceae containing the single crustose species Kalbionora palaeotropica. This lichen occurs in coastal forests in Thailand, Vietnam, and northeastern Australia, where it grows on tree bark.
Astrochapsa is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the subfamily Graphidoideae of the family Graphidaceae. It has 28 species. The genus was circumscribed by Sittiporn Parnmen, Robert Lücking, and H. Thorsten Lumbsch in 2012, with Astrochapsa astroidea assigned as the type species. It was segregated from the genus Chapsa, from which it differs in having a more frequently densely corticate thallus, an apothecial margin that is mostly recurved, and the almost exclusively subdistoseptate, non-amyloid ascospores.
Megalospora is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Megalosporaceae.
Halegrapha is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. It has nine species. The genus was circumscribed in 2011 by Eimy Rivas Plata and Robert Lücking, with Halegrapha chimaera assigned as the type species. The generic name honors American lichenologist Mason Hale.
Myriochapsa is a genus of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens in the subfamily Graphidoidae of the family Graphidaceae. It has three species. The genus was circumscribed in 2013 by Marcela Cáceres, Robert Lücking, and H. Thorsten Lumbsch, with the Brazilian Myriochapsa psoromica assigned as the type species. The generic name combines Myriotrema and Chapsa, referring to the two Graphidaceae genera that it resembles. The main distinguishing characteristics of the new genus are its densely corticate thallus, and the presence of the lichen product psoromic acid. Additionally, its apothecia have wider pores, with differently textured margins. Although originally created as a monotypic genus, Harrie Sipman added two South American species in 2014.
Sagiolechiaceae is a small family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Ostropales. It contains two genera, Rhexophiale, and Sagiolechia, the type genus. The family was circumscribed in 2010 by lichenologists Elisabeth Baloch, Robert Lücking, H. Thorsten Lumbsch, and Mats Wedin. Molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that the two genera formed a distinct clade in Ostropales. Four species were included in the original circumscription of the family.
Cameronia is a genus of crustose lichens in the monotypic family Cameroniaceae. It has two species. Both the genus and its two species were described as new to science in 2011 by Australian lichenologist Gintaras Kantvilas. Characteristics of the genus include its chlorococcalean photobiont partner, and perithecioid ascomata that are deeply immersed in the substrate. Microscopic features of Cameronia include the four-spored asci with an intensely hemiamyloid outer wall and non-amyloid, well-developed tholus, and hyaline, muriform ascospores. Both species are endemic to the Tasmanian Highlands.
Trimmatothele is a genus of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens in the family Verrucariaceae. It has five species. The genus was formally published by lichenologist Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1903. The type species, Trimmatothele perquisita, was originally collected from Norway by Johannes M. Norman, who placed it in the genus Coniothele in 1868. Diagnostic characteristics of Trimmatothele include a thin thallus with a smooth surface; small perithecia that are partially immersed in the substrata and have an involucrellum; asci that contain multiple ascospores; and small, simple ascospores. Trimmatothele has been described as one of the most poorly known genera of lichens due to the rarity of its species, the few available herbarium specimens, and some missing type specimens.
Vigneronia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Roccellaceae. It has five species. The genus was circumscribed in 2014 by Damien Ernst, with Vigneronia spieri assigned as the type species. This species, originally described as Schismatomma spieri from collections made in the Galápagos Islands, has since been recorded from mainland Ecuador and the Antilles (Curaçao). The genus is named after Ernst's wife, Nathalie Vigneron, who accompanied him on collecting trips.
Clandestinotrema is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. It has 17 species. They typically inhabit montane and cloud forest at higher elevations in the tropics.
Cryptoschizotrema is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. It has two species. The genus was circumscribed in 2019 by lichenologists André Aptroot, Robert Lücking, and Marcela Cáceres. The genus name alludes to the similarity in anatomy with Schizotrema species. This resemblance is due to the partially carbonized, concentrically layered, and fissured excipulum, which gives the impression that the Schizotrema-like excipulum is concealed beneath a protective layer. The type species was originally described by William Nylander in 1867, as a species of Thelotrema.
Allographa pedunculata is a species of script lichen in the family Graphidaceae, discovered in the Galápagos Islands. The species is characterized by its distinctly stalked lirellae and contains norstictic acid. It is similar to other species in the Graphis nuda species complex but has the longest ascospores in the group.
Redonographa galapagoensis is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Redonographaceae. Found in the Galápagos Islands, it was formally described as a new species in 2013 by lichenologists Frank Bungartz and Robert Lücking. The type specimen was collected by the first author from Santiago Island. Redonographa galapagoensis grows along the coast underneath wind- and rain-sheltered, shaded overhangs. Redonographa galapagoensis was previously reported as Carbacanthographis saxiseda, but it was found to represent an undescribed taxon. It appears to be endemic to the Galapagos Islands.
Compositrema is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. It has four species. The genus was circumscribed in 2012 by lichenologists Eimy Rivas Plata, Robert Lücking, and Helge Thorsten Lumbsch, with C. cerebriforme assigned as the type species. The genus is distinguished by its unique, composite pseudostromatic ascomata, which sets it apart from the otherwise similar genus Stegobolus.
Lacrima is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has four saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose species.