| Rhaphiolepis indica | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Indian hawthorn in bloom | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Rosaceae |
| Genus: | Rhaphiolepis |
| Species: | R. indica |
| Binomial name | |
| Rhaphiolepis indica | |
Rhaphiolepis indica, the Indian hawthorn, India hawthorn or Hong Kong hawthorn is an evergreen shrub in the family Rosaceae.
They are shrubs or small trees, which rarely reach a size of 4 m in height. The branches are purple brown when young, greyish brown when old, cylindrical, initially brown tomentose, glabrous in old age. Petiole 0.5–1.8 cm or almost absent, slightly brown or tomentose, subglabrous; stipules deciduous, lanceolate, little brown tomentose, acuminate apex; ovate blade blade, oblong, rarely obovate, oblong-lanceolate, narrowly elliptical or elliptical-lanceolate, (2–) 4–8 × 1.5–4 cm, coriaceous, abaxially prominent veins, abaxially visible reticular veins and visible or non-adaxially, back pale, glabrous or scarcely tomentose, shiny adaxially, glabrous, the apex obtuse, acute acuminate.
The inflorescences in panicles or terminal of clusters, with many or few flowers; pedicels and peduncles rusty-tomentose; bracts and deciduous bracteoles. Flowers 1–1.5 cm in diameter. The petals white or pink, obovate or lanceolate, 5–7 × 4–5 mm, pubescent basal, obtuse apex. Stamens 15, as long or shorter than the petals. [1]
It is found on slopes, roadsides, bushes on the sides of streams; at an altitude of 700–1600 meters above sea level in an areas such as, southern China, Japan, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam. [2]
It is grown for its decorative pink or white flowers, and is popular in bonsai culture. The fruit is edible when cooked, and can be used to make jam.[ citation needed ]
Indian hawthorn is a mainstay horticultural specimen in southern United States. It is often found in commercial as well as in private landscapes. Often it is trimmed into small compact hedges or balls for foundation plants. It has been successfully pruned into a standard form as well as small dwarf-like trees up to 15 feet in height. It is apt to develop leaf spot. [3]
The plant is also known as "teechigi" and its pulp is known as "sharinbai" (しゃりんばい / テーチ木 / テカチ木) in Japan and a dark brown dye is made by boiling its dried bark or root and using iron or lime water as a mordant. This plant has been used in Japan for over 400 years in a technique for making pongo silk fabrics. In the Kainan islands in China it is used to make shima-tsumugi textiles and some fishing nets. [4] Additionally, the plant is used in a Japanese mud dyeing technique known as dorozome from the Amami Islands. In dorozome, branches are chopped into small chips and simmered in large cauldrons for two days. The pulp is then filtered out and yarn is steeped in the golden-orange extract. The more the yarn is dipped and dried, the darker and richer the color is. [5]
Croton hanceiBenth., the Hong Kong croton, is a shrub or small tree, a species of Croton which is endemic to Tsing Yi Island, Hong Kong. In Hong Kong, it is listed in the book Rare and precious Plants of Hong Kong.
Dichotomanthes is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Rosaceae. The sole species is Dichotomanthes tristaniaecarpa. The flower is perigynous the ovary is superior. The fruit of the plant is a dry achene.
Dryopteris macropholis is a species of fern. It is distributed on the Marquesas Islands.
Aganosma cymosa is a liana that can grow up to 10 m (33 ft) in length, pale brownish tomentose. Leaf-stalks are 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in), leaf blade broadly ovate or orbicular, 5–16 cm (2.0–6.3 in) by 4–12 cm (1.6–4.7 in), base rounded or obtuse, apex acuminate or obtuse, rarely retuse, lateral veins eight to ten pairs. Flowers are borne in many-flowered clusters at branch ends, which are carried on stalks up to 6 cm (2.4 in). Bracts and bracteoles are very narrowly elliptic, about 1 cm (0.4 in) long. Flower-stalks are about 5 mm (0.2 in). Calyx with several glands inside margin of sepals; sepals very narrowly elliptic, about 1 cm (0.4 in), pubescent on both surfaces. Flowers are white, minutely tomentose outside, glabrous at throat; tube shorter than sepals, 6–7 mm (0.2–0.3 in); lobes oblong, as long as tube. Disc longer than ovary. Ovary pubescent at apex. Follicles 2, cylindric, to 30 cm (12 in) by 0.8–1.2 cm (0.3–0.5 in), yellow hirsute. Seeds oblong, 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) by about 5 mm (0.2 in), coma 2–4.5 cm (0.8–1.8 in). It is native to China, Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, and Indochina.
Oxalis griffithii is a species of Oxalis found in thickets and meadows of Bhutan, China, India, and Japan.
Hypericum acmosepalum is a dwarf shrub in Hypericumsect. Ascyreia that is native to China and known as jian e jin si tao locally.
Atalantia simplicifolia is a species of plants in the family Rutaceae. It can be considered as shrub or small tree with average height up to 5 m.
Passiflora bogotensis is a climbing plant native to Colombia, in the genus Passiflora. It can also be found in Venezuela.
Prunus himalayana, called jyokun shin in Tibetan and 喜马拉雅臭樱 in Chinese, is a species of Prunus native to Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim and Tibet. It prefers to grow 2,800 to 4,200 m above sea level in the Himalayas. As Maddenia himalaica it was the type species for the now unrecognized genus Maddenia.
Colona thorelii is a species small tree, in the family Malvaceae and now placed in the subfamily Grewioideae; it is named after the French botanist Clovis Thorel. No subspecies are listed in the Catalogue of Life.
Prunus mugus is a species of cherry found in Yunnan province of China and nearby areas of Myanmar and Tibet. A prostrate shrub 1 m tall, it prefers to grow in thickets in the krummholz zone on mountain slopes from 3200 to 3,700 m or even 4,075 m (13,400 ft) above sea level. Heinrich von Handel-Mazzetti, who discovered it, named the species after Pinus mugo, the dwarf mountain pine.
Salix argyracea is a large shrub from the genus of willow (Salix) with up to 10 centimeters long leaf blades with a felty hairy and shiny underside. The natural range of the species is in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and China.
Salix cathayana is a strongly branched shrub from the genus of the willow (Salix) with brown or gray-brown, young tomentose hairy branches. The leaf blades have lengths of 1.5 to 5.2 centimeters. The natural range of the species is in the north of China.
Salix balfouriana is a shrub or small tree from the genus of willow (Salix) with reddish black and tomentose hairy young twigs and up to 8 leaf blades, rarely 18 centimeters long. The natural range of the species is in China.
Salix chikungensis is a shrub in the willow genus Salix with tomentose hairy and later balding branches. The leaf blades have lengths of 6 to 8.5 centimeters. The natural range of the species is in China.
Salix cheilophila is a shrub or small tree from the genus of willow (Salix) with initially tomentose hairy and later balding branches. The leaf blades have lengths of 2.5 to sometimes 6 centimeters. The natural range of the species is in China.
Salix dissa is a low shrub from the genus willow (Salix) with usually 1 to 3 centimeters long leaf blades. The natural range of the species is in China.
Salix eriostachya is a species from the genus of willows (Salix) and grows as a shrub. The leaf blades are 4 to 11 centimeters long. The natural range of the species is in India, Nepal, and China.
Aporosa octandra is a species of plant in the family Phyllanthaceae found from Queensland and New Guinea to Indonesia, Zhōngguó/China and India. It is a highly variable plant with 4 named varieties. Its wood is used in construction and to make implements, its fruit is edible. The Karbi people of Assam use the plant for dyeing, textile colours have quite some significance in their culture.
Quercus opaca is a species of evergreen shrub in the genus Quercus. It is found throughout northeastern Mexico.
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