Rorippa

Last updated

Rorippa
Rorippa amphibia.jpg
Rorippa amphibia
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Brassicales
Family: Brassicaceae
Genus: Rorippa
Scop.
Species

75–85; see text

Rorippa is a globally distributed genus in the family Brassicaceae, with species occurring on all continents except for Antarctica. [1] [2] [3] Rorippa species are natively distributed in the Northern Hemisphere through Eurasia and North America, and dispersed into the Southern Hemisphere through long-distance dispersal. [3] Rorippa species are annual to perennial herbs, usually with yellow flowers and a peppery flavour. They are known commonly as yellowcresses.

Contents

Description

As a close relative of Arabidopsis, Rorippa has emerged as a group of valuable model organisms for investigating various biological processes. Researchers have utilized Rorippa to study developmental phenomena such as heterophylly, [4] [5] weediness, [6] [7] [8] and vegetative regeneration. [9] [10] [11] For example, heterophylly is the ability of plants to produce different leaf forms in response to contrasting environments, such as aerial or submerged conditions. This may incur anatomical or physiological changes and facilitate adaptation to the amphibious lifestyle in Rorippa, [12]

Additionally, Rorippa has been employed to explore stress tolerance mechanisms, including responses to submergence, [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [12] [18] heavy metals, [19] [20] high-altitudes, [21] [22] and herbivory (specifically the mustard aphid). [23] [24] [25] For example, Rorippa amphibia can escape submergence through elongation, [14] while Rorippa sylvestris or Rorippa palustris can photosynthesize underwater and exhibits a hyponastic response (positive growth response to gravity), demonstrating a quiescence strategy (a period of reduced activity during unfavorable conditions). [14] [15]

Furthermore, Rorippa has served as a model system for studying biological invasion, with research focusing on evolutionary, [26] [27] ecological, [28] [29] and historical aspects. [1] [30] [31] [32] [33]

Ecology

Most Rorippa species thrive in moist or wet environments like ditches, meadows, waterfronts, and wetlands, [28] highlighting their exceptional tolerance to flooding. [13] This facilitates the dispersal of their seeds or vegetative propagules by floods over short to long ranges. For example, their fruits with seeds can remain viable for up to 60 days while floating in water. [28] The aquatic or marshy habitats of Rorippa often overlap with those of migratory shorebirds, [2] which could potentially carry seeds or fragments over long distances, establishing new populations far from the source. Furthermore, several adaptations, like the mucilage coating or hollows on their seeds, and their ability to self-fertilize and reproduce clonally, [1] might also contribute to their long-distance dispersal. [3]

Rorippa species are known for colonizing disturbed or wet areas first. They serve as valuable indicators of hydrophytic (water-loving) vegetation types. According to the National Wetland Plant List (NWPL) for the United States, several Rorippa species are classified as wetland indicators, with a high probability of occurring in Obligate (OBL) or Facultative Wetland (FACW) categories. For instance, nearly 55% of the 22 North American Rorippa species are categorized as OBL wetland indicators, [28] highlighting their strong association with wet environments. This characteristic makes Rorippa plants a valuable tool for wetland establishment, restoration, and enhancement efforts.

Example

Rorippa aquatica, a North American lakecress, is a valuable model organism for studying plant development and adaptation. It exhibits striking heterophylly, [4] [5] [18] altering its leaf shape in response to environmental conditions like submergence, temperature, and light. In low-light submerged environments, for example, it develops finely dissected leaves. While in terrestrial conditions, it forms simple leaves with serrated edges. This leaf shape variation is controlled by the levels of plant hormones including gibberellin (GA) and ethylene, as well as the expression of specific genes, such as KNOX1 [5] or RaSPCH/RaMUTE, [18] providing an efficient way for leaves to absorb sunlight underwater. The species is also used to study vegetative propagation as it can regenerate from leaf fragments. [10] Its close phylogenetic relationship to Arabidopsis thaliana and its recently sequenced allotetraploid genome make it a powerful tool for genetic and genomic research. [34]

Rorippa elata is a type of plant that has adapted to live in high-altitude mountain environments. It can adjust its traits, like flowering time and chemical defenses, to survive in different conditions. [22] The plant's ability to adapt is also linked to its polyploid nature, which seems to have played a role in its successful colonization of high-altitudes during periods of historical climate change. [21]

Rorippa palustris, a short-lived and self-pollinating herb, is a ruderal weed that has expanded into disturbed wetland areas across the world. A key characteristic of R. palustris, and other ruderal plants, is its short life cycle. [8] [21] Genetic studies have shown that mutations in the CRY2 gene contribute to this early-flowering trait. [6] These mutations lead to a constitutively active CRY2 protein, which overrides the need for vernalization (a cold period) and allows the plant to flower early, even under short-day conditions.

List of species

There are about 75 [35] to 85 [36] [37] [38] species in the genus. About 70% of Rorippa are polyploids, and 90% of them are endemic to specific continents. [3] A few of Rorippa species are widely distributed and invasive, including Rorippa amphibia, Rorippa dubia, Rorippa indica, Rorippa palustris, and Rorippa sylvestris. Plants of Rorippa palustris can be found globally, making it one of the most successful weeds in the world.

Species include: [1] [30] [31] [32] [33] [35] [39] [40] [41] [42]

Rorippa sylvestris Rorippa sylvestris flowering 01.JPG
Rorippa sylvestris

Related Research Articles

<i>Erysimum</i> Genus of flowering plants

Erysimum, or wallflower, is a genus of flowering plants in the cabbage family, Brassicaceae. It includes more than 150 species, both popular garden plants and many wild forms. Erysimum is characterised by star-shaped and/or two-sided) trichomes growing from the stem, with yellow, red, pink or orange flowers and multiseeded seed pods.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mangrove</span> Shrub growing in brackish water

A mangrove is a shrub or tree that grows mainly in coastal saline or brackish water. Mangroves grow in an equatorial climate, typically along coastlines and tidal rivers. They have particular adaptations to take in extra oxygen and remove salt, allowing them to tolerate conditions that kill most plants. The term is also used for tropical coastal vegetation consisting of such species. Mangroves are taxonomically diverse due to convergent evolution in several plant families. They occur worldwide in the tropics and subtropics and even some temperate coastal areas, mainly between latitudes 30° N and 30° S, with the greatest mangrove area within 5° of the equator. Mangrove plant families first appeared during the Late Cretaceous to Paleocene epochs and became widely distributed in part due to the movement of tectonic plates. The oldest known fossils of mangrove palm date to 75 million years ago.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aquatic plant</span> Plant that has adapted to living in an aquatic environment

Aquatic plants are vascular plants that have adapted to live in aquatic environments. They are also referred to as hydrophytes or macrophytes to distinguish them from algae and other microphytes (phytoplanktons). In lakes, rivers and wetlands, aquatic vegetations provide cover for aquatic animals such as fish, amphibians and aquatic insects, create substrate for benthic invertebrates, produce oxygen via photosynthesis, and serve as food for some herbivorous wildlife. Familiar examples of aquatic plants include waterlily, lotus, duckweeds, mosquito fern, floating heart, water milfoils, mare's tail, water lettuce and water hyacinth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Salt marsh</span> Coastal ecosystem between land and open saltwater that is regularly flooded

A salt marsh, saltmarsh or salting, also known as a coastal salt marsh or a tidal marsh, is a coastal ecosystem in the upper coastal intertidal zone between land and open saltwater or brackish water that is regularly flooded by the tides. It is dominated by dense stands of salt-tolerant plants such as herbs, grasses, or low shrubs. These plants are terrestrial in origin and are essential to the stability of the salt marsh in trapping and binding sediments. Salt marshes play a large role in the aquatic food web and the delivery of nutrients to coastal waters. They also support terrestrial animals and provide coastal protection.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Watercress</span> Species of flowering plant in the cabbage family

Watercress or yellowcress is a species of aquatic flowering plant in the cabbage family, Brassicaceae.

<i>Nasturtium</i> (plant genus) Genus of flowering plants

Nasturtium is a genus of a small number of plant species in the family Brassicaceae commonly known as watercress or yellowcress. The best known species are the edible Nasturtium officinale and Nasturtium microphyllum. Nasturtium was previously synonymised with Rorippa, but molecular evidence supports its maintenance as a distinct genus more closely related to Cardamine than to Rorippasensu stricto.

<i>Barbarea vulgaris</i> Species of flowering plant

Barbarea vulgaris, also called wintercress, or alternatively winter rocket, rocketcress, yellow rocketcress, yellow rocket, wound rocket, herb barbara, creases, or creasy greens, is a biennial herb of the genus Barbarea, belonging to the family Brassicaceae.

<i>Malus sylvestris</i> Species of the genus Malus

Malus sylvestris, the European crab apple, also known as the European wild apple or simply the crab apple, is a species of the genus Malus, native to Europe and western Asia. Its scientific name means "forest apple".

<i>Rorippa sylvestris</i> Species of flowering plant

Rorippa sylvestris is an invasive species of plant in the United States, likely entering from Europe before 1818 from ballast water and spreading throughout North America through contaminated nursery seed stock.

<i>Rumex palustris</i> Species of flowering plant

Rumex palustris, or marsh dock, is a plant species of the genus Rumex, found in Europe. The species is a dicot belonging to the family Polygonaceae. The species epithet palustris is Latin for "of the marsh" which indicates its common habitat.

<i>Erysimum cheiranthoides</i> Species of flowering plant

Erysimum cheiranthoides, the treacle-mustard,wormseed wallflower, or wormseed mustard is a species of Erysimum native to most of central and northern Europe and northern and central Asia. Like other Erysimum species, E. cheiranthoides accumulates two major classes of defensive chemicals: glucosinolates and cardiac glycosides.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mucilage</span> Thick, gluey substance produced by nearly all plants and some microorganisms

Mucilage is a thick gluey substance produced by nearly all plants and some microorganisms. These microorganisms include protists which use it for their locomotion, with the direction of their movement always opposite to that of the secretion of mucilage. It is a polar glycoprotein and an exopolysaccharide. Mucilage in plants plays a role in the storage of water and food, seed germination, and thickening membranes. Cacti and flax seeds are especially rich sources of mucilage.

<i>Rorippa palustris</i> Species of plant

Rorippa palustris, marsh yellow-cress, bog yellow-cress or common yellow-cress, is a species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae. It is widespread and native to parts of Africa, and much of Asia, Europe and Eurasia, North America and the Caribbean. It can also be found in other parts of the world as an introduced species and a common weed, for example, in Australia and South America. It is an adaptable plant which grows in many types of damp, wet, and aquatic habitat. It may be an annual, biennial, or perennial plant, and is variable in appearance as well.

<i>Rorippa austriaca</i> Species of flowering plant

Rorippa austriaca is a species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae known by the common names Austrian yellow-cress and Austrian fieldcress. It is native to parts of Europe and Asia, and it is known in North America as an introduced species and sometimes a noxious weed. It can grow in disturbed habitat, such as roadsides, and in very wet habitat such as mudflats. It is a perennial herb growing upright to erect, reaching a maximum height near one meter. The branching stem bears hairless blue-green lance-shaped leaves up to 10 centimeters long. The bases of the upper leaves clasp the stem. The inflorescence is a raceme at the top of the stem and the ends of stem branches. The mustardlike flowers have small yellow petals. The fruit is a plump silique a few millimeters long, but many plants do not fruit and seed production is rare. Reproduction in this species is more often vegetative, the plants concentrating their growth in belowground tissue and spreading clonally. The root system of the plant is particularly aggressive, sending up many new plants as it spreads.

<i>Rorippa subumbellata</i> Species of flowering plant

Rorippa subumbellata is a rare species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae known by the common names Lake Tahoe yellowcress and Tahoe yellow cress. It is known only from the shores of Lake Tahoe, straddling the border between California and Nevada. There are an estimated fourteen populations of the plant still in existence. It grows only on the direct shoreline of the lake, occupying a seven-foot semi-aquatic zone between the high- and low-tide marks. It is directly impacted by recreational activities on the lake, enduring bombardment by boat wakes, trampling, and construction of docks and other structures.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cypress dome</span> Swamp dominated by pond or bald cypress

A cypress dome is a type of freshwater forested wetland, or a swamp, found in the southeastern part of the United States. They are dominated by the Taxodium spp., either the bald cypress, or pond cypress. The name comes from the dome-like shape of treetops, formed by smaller trees growing on the edge where the water is shallow while taller trees grow at the center in deeper water. They usually appear as circular, but if the center is too deep, they form a “doughnut” shape when viewed from above. Cypress domes are characteristically small compared to other swamps, however they can occur at a range of sizes, dependent on the depth.

Julia Bailey-Serres is professor of genetics, director of the Center for Plant Cell Biology, and a member of the Institute for Integrative Genome Biology at the University of California, Riverside. Her accomplishments include the pioneering of methods for profiling the "translatomes" of discrete cell-types of plants and identification of a homeostatic sensor of oxygen deprivation in plants.

<i>Proserpinaca palustris</i> Species of flowering plant

Proserpinaca palustris, the marsh mermaidweed or common mermaid-weed, is a species of flowering plant in the watermilfoil family (Haloragaceae). It is found in North America, the Caribbean, and Central America.

<i>Alyssum serpyllifolium</i> Species of plant in the family Brassicaceae

Alyssum serpyllifolium, the thyme-leaved alison, is a species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae, native to the western Mediterranean region. It is adapted to serpentine soils. The Royal Horticultural Society recommends it for rock gardens.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Jonsell, Bengt (1968). Studies in the North-West European species of Rorippa s.str. Uppsala, Sweden: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis.
  2. 1 2 Bleeker, W.; Weber-Sparenberg, C.; Hurka, H. (2002). "Chloroplast DNA Variation and Biogeography in the Genus Rorippa Scop. (Brassicaceae)". Plant Biology. 4 (1): 104–111. Bibcode:2002PlBio...4..104B. doi:10.1055/s-2002-20442. ISSN   1438-8677.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Han, Ting-Shen; Yu, Chih-Chieh; Zheng, Quan-Jing; Kimura, Seisuke; Onstein, Renske E.; Xing, Yao-Wu (2024). "Synergistic polyploidization and long-distance dispersal enable the global diversification of yellowcress herbs". Global Ecology and Biogeography. 33 (3): 458–469. Bibcode:2024GloEB..33..458H. doi:10.1111/geb.13798. ISSN   1466-8238.
  4. 1 2 Nakayama, Hokuto; Kimura, Seisuke (2015-12-02). "Leaves may function as temperature sensors in the heterophylly of Rorippa aquatica (Brassicaceae)". Plant Signaling & Behavior. 10 (12): e1091909. Bibcode:2015PlSiB..10E1909N. doi:10.1080/15592324.2015.1091909. ISSN   1559-2324. PMC   4854334 . PMID   26367499.
  5. 1 2 3 Nakayama, Hokuto; Nakayama, Naomi; Seiki, Sumer; Kojima, Mikiko; Sakakibara, Hitoshi; Sinha, Neelima; Kimura, Seisuke (December 2014). "Regulation of the KNOX-GA Gene Module Induces Heterophyllic Alteration in North American Lake Cress". The Plant Cell. 26 (12): 4733–4748. Bibcode:2014PlanC..26.4733N. doi:10.1105/tpc.114.130229. ISSN   1040-4651. PMC   4311196 . PMID   25516600.
  6. 1 2 Li, Ling-Zi; Xu, Zhou-Geng; Chang, Tian-Gen; Wang, Long; Kang, Heng; Zhai, Dong; Zhang, Lu-Yi; Zhang, Peng; Liu, Hongtao; Zhu, Xin-Guang; Wang, Jia-Wei (2023-01-18). "Common evolutionary trajectory of short life-cycle in Brassicaceae ruderal weeds". Nature Communications. 14 (1): 290. Bibcode:2023NatCo..14..290L. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-35966-7. ISSN   2041-1723. PMC   9849336 . PMID   36653415.
  7. ↑ Bärring, Ulf (January 1986). "Rorippa sylvestris: A new troublesome weed in Swedish forest nurseries". Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. 1 (1–4): 265–269. Bibcode:1986SJFR....1..265B. doi:10.1080/02827588609382417. ISSN   0282-7581.
  8. 1 2 Klimešová, Jitka; Sosnová, Monika; Martínková, Jana (2006-07-25). "Life-history variation in the short-lived herb Rorippa palustris: effect of germination date and injury timing". Plant Ecology. 189 (2): 237–246. doi:10.1007/s11258-006-9180-x. ISSN   1385-0237.
  9. ↑ Dietz, Hansjörg; Köhler, Alexander; Ullmann, Isolde (February 2002). "Regeneration growth of the invasive clonal forb Rorippa austriaca (Brassicaceae) in relation to fertilization and interspecific competition". Plant Ecology. 158 (2): 171–182. Bibcode:2002PlEco.158..171D. doi:10.1023/a:1015567316004. ISSN   1385-0237.
  10. 1 2 Amano, Rumi; Nakayama, Hokuto; Momoi, Risa; Omata, Emi; Gunji, Shizuka; Takebayashi, Yumiko; Kojima, Mikiko; Ikematsu, Shuka; Ikeuchi, Momoko; Iwase, Akira; Sakamoto, Tomoaki; Kasahara, Hiroyuki; Sakakibara, Hitoshi; Ferjani, Ali; Kimura, Seisuke (2019-10-25). "Molecular Basis for Natural Vegetative Propagation via Regeneration in North American Lake Cress, Rorippa aquatica (Brassicaceae)". Plant and Cell Physiology. 61 (2): 353–369. doi:10.1093/pcp/pcz202. ISSN   0032-0781. PMID   31651939.
  11. ↑ Xu, Kedong; Chang, Yunxia; Zhang, Yi; Liu, Kun; Zhang, Ju; Wang, Wei; Li, Zhanshuai; Wu, Jianxin; Ma, Shuya; Xin, Yuexing; Li, Chunjing; Zhou, Qianbei; Qiu, Hanhan; Pi, Yumei; Wang, Youwei (2016-01-22). "Rorippa indica Regeneration via Somatic Embryogenesis Involving Frog Egg-like Bodies Efficiently Induced by the Synergy of Salt and Drought Stresses". Scientific Reports. 6 (1): 19811. Bibcode:2016NatSR...619811X. doi:10.1038/srep19811. ISSN   2045-2322. PMC   4726193 . PMID   26796345.
  12. 1 2 Koga, Hiroyuki; Ikematsu, Shuka; Kimura, Seisuke (2024-07-22). "Diving into the Water: Amphibious Plants as a Model for Investigating Plant Adaptations to Aquatic Environments". Annual Review of Plant Biology. 75 (1): 579–604. doi:10.1146/annurev-arplant-062923-024919. ISSN   1543-5008. PMID   38424069.
  13. 1 2 Akman, Melis; Bhikharie, Amit V; Mustroph, Angelika; Sasidharan, Rashmi (2014-02-01). "Extreme flooding tolerance in Rorippa". Plant Signaling & Behavior. 9 (2): e27847. Bibcode:2014PlSiB...9E7847A. doi:10.4161/psb.27847. PMC   4091424 . PMID   24525961.
  14. 1 2 3 Stift, Marc; Luttikhuizen, Pieternella C.; Visser, Eric J.W.; Van Tienderen, Peter H. (2008). "Different flooding responses in Rorippa amphibia and Rorippa sylvestris, and their modes of expression in F1 hybrids". New Phytologist. 180 (1): 229–239. Bibcode:2008NewPh.180..229S. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02547.x. hdl: 2066/72164 . ISSN   1469-8137. PMID   18631292.
  15. 1 2 van Veen, Hans; Müller, Jana T.; Bartylla, Malte M.; Akman, Melis; Sasidharan, Rashmi; Mustroph, Angelika (2024). "Phylotranscriptomics provides a treasure trove of flood-tolerance mechanisms in the Cardamineae tribe". Plant, Cell & Environment. 47 (11): 4464–4480. Bibcode:2024PCEnv..47.4464V. doi: 10.1111/pce.15033 . ISSN   1365-3040. PMID   39012097.
  16. ↑ Sasidharan, Rashmi; Mustroph, Angelika; Boonman, Alex; Akman, Melis; Ammerlaan, Ankie M.H.; Breit, Timo; Schranz, M. Eric; Voesenek, Laurentius A.C.J.; van Tienderen, Peter H. (2013-09-27). "Root Transcript Profiling of Two Rorippa Species Reveals Gene Clusters Associated with Extreme Submergence Tolerance". Plant Physiology. 163 (3): 1277–1292. doi:10.1104/pp.113.222588. ISSN   0032-0889. PMC   3813650 . PMID   24077074.
  17. ↑ Akman, Melis; Bhikharie, Amit V.; McLean, Elizabeth H.; Boonman, Alex; Visser, Eric J. W.; Schranz, M. Eric; van Tienderen, Peter H. (2012-04-11). "Wait or escape? Contrasting submergence tolerance strategies of Rorippa amphibia, Rorippa sylvestris and their hybrid". Annals of Botany. 109 (7): 1263–1276. doi:10.1093/aob/mcs059. ISSN   1095-8290. PMC   3359918 . PMID   22499857.
  18. 1 2 3 Ikematsu, Shuka; Umase, Tatsushi; Shiozaki, Mako; Nakayama, Sodai; Noguchi, Fuko; Sakamoto, Tomoaki; Hou, Hongwei; Gohari, Gholamreza; Kimura, Seisuke; Torii, Keiko U. (February 2023). "Rewiring of hormones and light response pathways underlies the inhibition of stomatal development in an amphibious plant Rorippa aquatica underwater". Current Biology. 33 (3): 543–556.e4. Bibcode:2023CBio...33E.543I. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.12.064 . ISSN   0960-9822. PMID   36696900.
  19. ↑ Sun, Ruilian; Jin, Caixia; Zhou, Qixing (2010-02-02). "Characteristics of cadmium accumulation and tolerance in Rorippa globosa (Turcz.) Thell., a species with some characteristics of cadmium hyperaccumulation". Plant Growth Regulation. 61 (1): 67–74. doi:10.1007/s10725-010-9451-3. ISSN   0167-6903.
  20. ↑ Wei, Shuhe; Li, Yunmeng; Zhan, Jie; Wang, Shanshan; Zhu, Jiangong (August 2012). "Tolerant mechanisms of Rorippa globosa (Turcz.) Thell. hyperaccumulating Cd explored from root morphology". Bioresource Technology. 118: 455–459. Bibcode:2012BiTec.118..455W. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2012.05.049. ISSN   0960-8524. PMID   22717563.
  21. 1 2 3 Han, Ting-Shen; Hu, Zheng-Yan; Du, Zhi-Qiang; Zheng, Quan-Jing; Liu, Jia; Mitchell-Olds, Thomas; Xing, Yao-Wu (2022-09-01). "Adaptive responses drive the success of polyploid yellowcresses (Rorippa, Brassicaceae) in the Hengduan Mountains, a temperate biodiversity hotspot". Plant Diversity. 44 (5): 455–467. Bibcode:2022PlDiv..44..455H. doi:10.1016/j.pld.2022.02.002. ISSN   2468-2659. PMC   9512641 . PMID   36187546.
  22. 1 2 Du, Zhi-Qiang; Xing, Yao-Wu; Han, Ting-Shen (2024-05-30). "Effects of environment and genotype-by-environment interaction on phenotype of Rorippa elata (Brassicaceae), an endemic alpine plant in the Hengduan mountains". Journal of Plant Ecology. 17 (4). doi: 10.1093/jpe/rtae048 . ISSN   1752-993X.
  23. ↑ Bandopadhyay, Lekha; Basu, Debabrata; Sikdar, Samir Ranjan (2013-09-09). "Identification of Genes Involved in Wild Crucifer Rorippa indica Resistance Response on Mustard Aphid Lipaphis erysimi Challenge". PLOS ONE. 8 (9): e73632. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...873632B. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073632 . ISSN   1932-6203. PMC   3767759 . PMID   24040008.
  24. ↑ Sarkar, Poulami; Jana, Kuladip; Sikdar, Samir Ranjan (2017-08-02). "Overexpression of biologically safe Rorippa indica defensin enhances aphid tolerance in Brassica juncea". Planta. 246 (5): 1029–1044. Bibcode:2017Plant.246.1029S. doi:10.1007/s00425-017-2750-4. ISSN   0032-0935. PMID   28770337.
  25. ↑ Marzouk, Mona Mohamed; Reda Hussein, Sameh; Elkhateeb, Ahmed; Mohamed Farid, Mai; Fawzy Ibrahim, Lamyaa; Abdel-Hameed, El-Sayed Saleh (August 2016). "Phenolic profiling of Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser (Brassicaceae) by LC-ESI-MS: Chemosystematic significance and cytotoxic activity". Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease. 6 (8): 633–637. doi: 10.1016/s2222-1808(16)61100-3 . ISSN   2222-1808.
  26. ↑ Bleeker, W. (2003-05-27). "Hybridization andRorippa austriaca(Brassicaceae) invasion in Germany". Molecular Ecology. 12 (7): 1831–1841. Bibcode:2003MolEc..12.1831B. doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2003.01854.x. ISSN   0962-1083. PMID   12803635.
  27. ↑ Bleeker, W; Matthies, A (2005-04-20). "Hybrid zones between invasive Rorippa austriaca and native R. sylvestris (Brassicaceae) in Germany: ploidy levels and patterns of fitness in the field". Heredity. 94 (6): 664–670. doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800687. ISSN   0018-067X. PMID   15940276.
  28. 1 2 3 4 Les, Donald H. (2018). Aquatic dicotyledons of North America: ecology, life history, and systematics. Boca Raton, FL: CRC press, Taylor & Francis group. ISBN   978-1-4822-2502-0.
  29. ↑ Huberty, Martine; Tielbörger, Katja; Harvey, Jeffrey A.; Müller, Caroline; Macel, Mirka (April 2014). "Chemical Defenses (Glucosinolates) of Native and Invasive Populations of the Range Expanding Invasive Plant Rorippa austriaca". Journal of Chemical Ecology. 40 (4): 363–370. Bibcode:2014JCEco..40..363H. doi:10.1007/s10886-014-0425-1. ISSN   0098-0331. PMID   24752856.
  30. 1 2 Stuckey, Ronald L. (1972). "Taxonomy and Distribution of the Genus Rorippa (cruciferae) in North America". SIDA, Contributions to Botany. 4 (4): 279–443. ISSN   0036-1488. JSTOR   41966420.
  31. 1 2 Crone, Elizabeth E.; Gehring, Janet L. (1998). "Population Viability of Rorippa columbiae: Multiple Models and Spatial Trend Data". Conservation Biology. 12 (5): 1054–1065. Bibcode:1998ConBi..12.1054C. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1998.97094.x. ISSN   1523-1739.
  32. 1 2 Garnock-Jones, P. J. (March 1978). "Rorippa(Cruciferae, Arabideae) in New Zealand". New Zealand Journal of Botany. 16 (1): 119–122. Bibcode:1978NZJB...16..119G. doi:10.1080/0028825x.1978.10429664. ISSN   0028-825X.
  33. 1 2 Klimešová, Jitka; Martínková, Jana; Kočvarová, Marie (January 2004). "Biological flora of Central Europe: Rorippa palustris (L.) Besse". Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants. 199 (6): 453–463. Bibcode:2004FMDFE.199..453K. doi:10.1078/0367-2530-00173. ISSN   0367-2530.
  34. ↑ Sakamoto, Tomoaki; Ikematsu, Shuka; Nakayama, Hokuto; Mandáková, Terezie; Gohari, Gholamreza; Sakamoto, Takuya; Li, Gaojie; Hou, Hongwei; Matsunaga, Sachihiro; Lysak, Martin A.; Kimura, Seisuke (2024-04-18). "A chromosome-level genome assembly for the amphibious plant Rorippa aquatica reveals its allotetraploid origin and mechanisms of heterophylly upon submergence". Communications Biology. 7 (1): 431. doi:10.1038/s42003-024-06088-7. ISSN   2399-3642. PMC   11026429 . PMID   38637665.
  35. 1 2 Rorippa. Flora of China.
  36. ↑ Rorippa. The Jepson eFlora 2013.
  37. ↑ Rorippa. Flora of North America.
  38. ↑ Rorippa Scop. on Plants of the Word Online
  39. ↑ GRIN Species Records of Rorippa. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).
  40. ↑ Rorippa. Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
  41. ↑ Rorippa. USDA PLANTS.
  42. ↑ Rorippa species list. Flora of North America.
  43. 1 2 De Lange, P.J.; Heenan, P.B.; Townsend, A.J. (2009). "Rorippa laciniata (Brassicaceae), a new addition to the flora of New Zealand". New Zealand Journal of Botany. 47 (2): 133–137. Bibcode:2009NZJB...47..133D. doi: 10.1080/00288250909509800 . S2CID   83609780.
  44. ↑ Zheng, Quan-Jing; Yu, Chih-Chieh; Xing, Yao-Wu; Han, Ting-Shen (2021-01-22). "A new Rorippa species (Brassicaceae), R. hengduanshanensis, from the Hengduan Mountains in China". Phytotaxa. 480 (3): 210–222. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.480.3.1. ISSN   1179-3163.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.