Santa Susana, California

Last updated

Santa Susana, California
Unincorporated community
Census-designated place
Santa Susana Depot view from southwest 2014-11-13.jpg
Historic Santa Susana Railroad Station
USA California location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Santa Susana, California
Location within the state of California
Coordinates: 34°15′29″N118°39′59″W / 34.25806°N 118.66639°W / 34.25806; -118.66639
Country United States
State California
County Ventura
Area
[1]
 • Total1.113 sq mi (2.883 km2)
 • Land1.113 sq mi (2.883 km2)
 • Water0 sq mi (0 km2)  0%
Elevation
[2]
1,165 ft (355 m)
Population
 (2010)
 • Total1,037
 • Density930/sq mi (360/km2)
Time zone UTC-8 (Pacific (PST))
 • Summer (DST) UTC-7 (PDT)
GNIS feature ID2585445 [2]

Santa Susana (Spanish for "St. Susan") is a former railroad town located mostly within the City of Simi Valley. A small portion of the community, outside the Simi Valley city limits to the south of the Ventura County Metrolink rail line, is an unincorporated area and census-designated place (CDP). [3] The community is in the eastern part of the Simi Valley.

Contents

The town by the Santa Susana Mountains in the Simi Valley was founded in 1903, shortly after the Southern Pacific Company built the Santa Susana Depot. [4] [5] [6] It is also spelled Santa Susanna, while it is currently more commonly referred to as the Santa Susana Knolls, which is the officially designated name, [7] or the Simi Knolls. [8] The name of Santa Susana is now more generally applied to a larger area at the very east end of the Simi Valley (often called east of East Simi Valley) in easternmost Ventura County, which was the name of the early settlement located at Tapo Street and East Los Angeles Avenue that is now within the city limits. [9] The historic Santa Susana Depot was located there before being moved farther east along the coast route railroad and made into a museum. The Simi Valley train station opened in 1993 about midway between the historic site and the museum location next to Santa Susana Knolls. The 2010 United States census reported the Santa Susana CDP's population as 1,037. It is a sparsely populated rural area with rustic housing and no set-houses, in a hilly and relatively forested part of the valley. [10]

The area was inhabited by the Chumash Indians as early as 500 AD and there have been numerous Chumash artifacts found in the area, in addition to the pictographs in Burro Flats Painted Cave. [11] In the 1920s, the Knolls became home to brothels and also a religious cult. [12] During the late 1960s Charles Manson and the Manson Family partially lived at Spahn's Movie Ranch. [13] [14] During the 1950s and '60s, the Corriganville Movie Ranch and other areas was utilized as movie sets for Western movies. Films and TV-series filmed here includes Gunsmoke, Bonanza , The Lone Ranger, Adventures of Superman, The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938), The Three Musketeers, Tales of the Texas Rangers , Billy the Kid Versus Dracula , Fort Apache, Star Trek , Wagon Train, and hundreds of other mostly Western-inspired movies and TV-shows. [15]

The rural Santa Susana is home to numerous species of native wildlife, including large amounts of snakes, coyotes, hawks and mountain lions. [16] [17]

Etymology

The name "Santa Susana" traces back to the Roman Empire and the Santa Susanna-church built in the 4th century, dedicated to Saint Susanna, [18] a Roman Catholic saint that was martyred and beheaded in Rome in the 3rd century. The name has since then been applied to numerous locations, including a town in the Catalonia region of Spain, as well as the transverse mountain range of Santa Susana in Southern California, which the town is named after. The Santa Susana Knolls of Simi Valley have historically also been written Susanna with double N's. [4] Former names designed to the area have been Green Haven and Mortimer Park. [7]

History

Pre-colonial period

The Chumash here traded baskets with the neighboring Tongva people of today's Los Angeles County. Basketry tray, Chumash, Santa Barbara Mission, early 1800s - Native American collection - Peabody Museum, Harvard University - DSC05558.JPG
The Chumash here traded baskets with the neighboring Tongva people of today's Los Angeles County.

The hills of and immediate foots of the Santa Susana Mountains have been inhabited for thousands of years, proven by Chumash artifacts found by the Santa Susana Depot and Chumash pictographs dating to 500 AD in the Burro Flats Painted Cave. [20] The area has likely been populated by Native-American peoples for as much as 8,000 years [21] -12,000 years ago [22] The Burro Flats Painted Cave, now situated on the protected private Santa Susana Field Laboratory property, was the setting for a winter solstice ritual for the Ventureño Chumash people. The cave, which is on the back wall of a sandstone shelter about 16 ft long and 4 ft high, was discovered at the turn of the 20th century [23] [24] The Chumash of Santa Susana were unlike other settlements in the Simi Valley not only located near other Ventureño Chumash settlements, but the Chumash here traded with the Tataviam people who also settled in the Santa Susana Mountains, as well as the Gabrielino people who inhabited the opposite side of the Santa Susana Pass. [19] [25]

Township period

The Santa Susana Depot in 2014. Santa Susana Depot view from southeast 2014-11-13.jpg
The Santa Susana Depot in 2014.

In 1887, the Simi Valley Land and Water Company first surveyed the area to sell parcels as ranches. [26] With the Santa Susana Depot establishment by the Southern Pacific Company in 1903 as its cornerstone, the town of Santa Susana a few miles east of Simi Valley in the Simi Valley was founded. [27] [28] Before this train station, all residents of the Simi Valley had to travel to San Fernando for the closest railroad station. [29] The first businesses surrounding the new train station was also vital for the town’s establishment, and the discovery of oil on El Rancho Tapo in 1910 brought a population boom to the little town. A general merchandise store on the opposite side of Los Angeles Avenue from the railroad station was the first store established in town, established by Horace Crinklaw and his wife in 1909. In 1914, the town was home to eight buildings: Four owned by the Crinklaw family, a schoolhouse, the Santa Susana Depot, the Southern Pacific Warehouse and a blacksmith shop. Oil production was started by the Scarab Oil Company in 1910 and opened with a production of 300 barrels of oil per day. [30] The little town soon became well known as a filming location for Western movies with its rural and rugged surroundings with plentiful sand rock formations; Western films were filmed here as early as in 1920 on the main street of Santa Susana. By 1918, there were 101 registered voters in Santa Susana. [31]

In 1929, the town was used as a set in the movie Welcome Danger [32] The Santa Susana Airport started as a dirt landing strip in a tomato field in the late 1930s, and later became a paved landing site for hundreds of airplanes in the 1970s. It was officially designed by the FAA in 1944. [26] [33] During all of the 1930s and 1940s, the Corriganville Movie Ranch functioned as a Western movie set for hundreds of Western films and TV series, and later an amusement park for visitors to explore the Western film sets. Films shot here include for instance Jungle Jim , the Jungle Boy TV-series, Lawman , Gunfight at the O.K. Corral , Adventures of Robin Hood , Adventures of Superman , Fort Apache , Rin-Tin-Tin TV-show, and hundreds of others. The ranch became a tourist attraction in 1949 and drew thousands from across America and was rated among the "10 most interesting places in America". [26] [34] The first larger housing developments started in 1958. [35]

The Lawman TV-series, which was aired in the late 1950s and early 1960s, was partially filmed in Corriganville Movie Ranch. John Russell Dan Troop Lawman 1959.JPG
The Lawman TV-series, which was aired in the late 1950s and early 1960s, was partially filmed in Corriganville Movie Ranch.

The area has been home to numerous cults, including the Pisgah Grande (in Las Llajas Canyon, seven miles northeast of town) and May Otis Blackburn's "Divine Order of the Royal Arms of the Great Eleven", sometimes referred to as "the Sixth Cult", high up in the Susana Knolls. In 1949, messiah Krishna Venta's cult "WKFL Foundation of the World" lived in Box Canyon right by the Santa Susana Pass. Krishna was killed in 1958, when former members exploded twenty dynamites in a suicide attack against Krishna and other cult members. [36] [37] [38] It was also here that Charles Manson and the Manson Family partially lived during the late 1960s. [13] [14] The Santa Susana Nuclear Disaster in July 1959 was the worst in American history, and was kept hidden by the United States Atomic Energy Commission for more than twenty years when it was exposed by students from UCLA in the LA Times. [39] [40] [41]

By a 2-1 margin in 1969, voters decided to be incorporated in the City of Simi Valley. On October 10, 1969, the majority of Santa Susana went from being an unincorporated town in the Simi Valley to a part of the city of Simi Valley, which now comprised most of the eponymous valley. [28]

The remaining unincorporated part of Santa Susana is currently mostly known as the Susana Knolls and occupies the hilly, rustic, and rural areas southeast of eastern Simi Valley proper. This area includes the Santa Susana Field Laboratory, a government facility previously used for research and design of rocket engines and nuclear reactors.

Geography

Map of the Santa Susana Mountains. Wpdms shdrlfi020l santa susana mountains.jpg
Map of the Santa Susana Mountains.

The CDP is nestled up against the northern slope of the Simi Hills and surrounds the Santa Susana Mountains at an average elevation of 1,165 feet (355 m). [2] It is a hilly and mountainous area, with trees and sand rock formations separating custom-designed homes. It is situated in the easternmost part of Simi Valley [42] [43] in Ventura County. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP covers an area of 1.1 square miles (2.9 km2), all land. It is an unincorporated area, [44] [45] sometimes referred to as a neighborhood, [46] community, village or settlement. The northern border of the CDP follows the Metrolink Ventura County Line, across which is the city of Simi Valley. The CDP extends roughly from Rainey Road in the west to Box Canyon Road in the east, and extends south to the limits of development on the lower slopes of the Simi Hills. [3]

There are numerous open-space nature areas near Santa Susana and in the northern Santa Susana Mountains, including Rocky Peak, Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park, Sage Ranch Park, Corriganville Park, Indian Springs Open Space, and other parks and open-space nature areas. Rancho Simi Recreation and Park District administers most parks in Simi Valley’s outlying areas, including in Santa Susana Knolls, Bell Canyon, and Oak Park. [47] The Santa Monica Mountains Conservancy operates certain open-space parks, including Sage Ranch Park by the Santa Susana Field Laboratory.

Demographics

Santa Susana Pass with the Simi Valley and Simi Hills in the far back Santa-Susana-Pass.jpg
Santa Susana Pass with the Simi Valley and Simi Hills in the far back

The 2010 United States Census [48] reported that the CDP portion of Santa Susana had a population of 1,037. The population density was 931.5 inhabitants per square mile (359.7/km2). The racial makeup of Santa Susana was 904 (87.2%) White, 17 (1.6%) African American, 2 (0.2%) Native American, 23 (2.2%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 33 (3.2%) from other races, and 58 (5.6%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 156 persons (15.0%).

The Census reported that 1,031 people (99.4% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 6 (0.6%) were institutionalized.

There were 405 households, out of which 111 (27.4%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 207 (51.1%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 35 (8.6%) had a female householder with no husband present, 29 (7.2%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 30 (7.4%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 8 (2.0%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 88 households (21.7%) were made up of individuals, and 14 (3.5%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55. There were 271 families (66.9% of all households); the average family size was 2.93.

The population was spread out, with 186 people (17.9%) under the age of 18, 87 people (8.4%) aged 18 to 24, 252 people (24.3%) aged 25 to 44, 418 people (40.3%) aged 45 to 64, and 94 people (9.1%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.1 males.

There were 439 housing units at an average density of 394.4 per square mile (152.3/km2), of which 307 (75.8%) were owner-occupied, and 98 (24.2%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.8%; the rental vacancy rate was 4.8%. 804 people (77.5% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 227 people (21.9%) lived in rental housing units.

Landmarks

Grandma Prisbrey's Bottle Village is a California Historical Landmark, U.S. Historic district, and on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. Grandma Prisbrey's Bottle Village.jpg
Grandma Prisbrey's Bottle Village is a California Historical Landmark, U.S. Historic district, and on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

Wildlife

The community of Santa Susana is adjacent to the Santa Susana Pass wildlife corridor, which connects the Simi Hills (and the Santa Monica Mountains) to the Santa Susana Mountains and further wilderness areas such as the Tehachapi Mountains and San Gabriel Mountains. [49] It is home to an abundance of wildlife, including larger mammals such as numerous cougars, coyotes, bobcats, grey foxes and more common species such as the Virginia opossum, California raccoon, ring-tailed cat, California vole, desert cottontail, Botta's pocket gopher as well as the spotted- and striped skunk. Large undeveloped areas provide natural habitat to numerous species, and saves the wildlife of the Santa Monica Mountains from genetic isolation. As in the rest of the Simi Valley, large areas are assigned parks or open space preserves and are protected wildlife habitats. The dry semi-arid climate of Santa Susana also provides a habitat for numerous species adopted to arid climates and temperature extremes. It is home to numerous reptiles, including eleven species of snake: coachwhip, southern Pacific rattlesnake, San Diego night snake, striped racer, California black-headed snake, two-striped garter snake, San Diego gopher snake, coast mountain kingsnake, California kingsnake, coast patch-nosed snake and ringneck snake. Lizards found here are also plentiful, including the San Diego horned lizard, California horned lizard, San Diego alligator lizard, western fence lizard, California side blotched lizard, western skink, western whiptail, and silvery legless lizard. Birds in the area are mostly raptors, including the California vulture, turkey vulture, white-tailed kite, American kestrel, Cooper's hawk, sharp-shinned hawk, marsh hawk, red-tailed hawk, red-shouldered hawk, and the common nighthawk. Owl species include the great horned owl, short-eared owl, long-eared owl, barn owl, and the burrowing owl. There are also peacocks [45] and numerous other species of wildlife found in the eastern Simi Valley. [17] Scorpions are also common.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ventura County, California</span> County in California, United States

Ventura County is a county located in the southern part of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 843,843. The largest city is Oxnard, and the county seat is the city of Ventura.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oak Park, California</span> Place in California, United States

Oak Park is an unincorporated community in southeastern Ventura County, California, United States. When developed in the Simi Hills in the late 1960s, a single road provided the only access to the community from Agoura Hills, California, in neighboring Los Angeles County. As of the 2010 census, Oak Park had a population of 14,266, down from 14,625 at the 2000 census. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Oak Park as a census-designated place (CDP). The census definition of the area may not precisely correspond to local understanding of the area with the same name.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thousand Oaks, California</span> City in California, United States

Thousand Oaks is a city in the northwestern part of Greater Los Angeles, approximately 15 miles (24 km) from the city of Los Angeles and 40 miles (64 km) from Downtown Los Angeles. The second-largest city in Ventura County, California, it is named after the many oak trees present in the area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Westlake Village, California</span> City in California, United States

Westlake Village is a city in Los Angeles County on its western border with Ventura County. It incorporated in 1981 becoming the 82nd municipality of Los Angeles County. The population of the city was 8,029 at the 2020 census, down from 8,270 at the 2010 census.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Santa Susana Mountains</span> Mountain range of the Transverse Ranges in California, United States

The Santa Susana Mountains are a transverse range of mountains in Southern California, north of the city of Los Angeles, in the United States. The range runs east-west, separating the San Fernando and Simi valleys on its south from the Santa Clara River Valley to the north and the Santa Clarita Valley to the northeast. The Oxnard Plain is to the west of the Santa Susana Mountains.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Conejo Valley</span> Region in Southern California, United States

The Conejo Valley is a region spanning both southeastern Ventura County and northwestern Los Angeles County in Southern California, United States. It is located in the northwestern part of the Greater Los Angeles Area.

Newbury Park is a populated place and town in Ventura County, California, United States. Most of it lies within the western Thousand Oaks city limits, while unincorporated areas include Casa Conejo and Ventu Park. The town is located in Southern California around 8 miles (13 km) from the Pacific Ocean and has a mild year-round climate, scenic mountains, and environmental preservation. About 28,000 residents of Thousand Oaks reside in Newbury Park.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Santa Susana Pass</span> Mountain pass in Los Angeles County, California, United States

The Santa Susana Pass, originally Simi Pass, is a low mountain pass in the Simi Hills of Southern California, connecting the San Fernando Valley and Los Angeles neighborhood of Chatsworth, to the city of Simi Valley and eponymous valley.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rocky Peak</span> Mountain in southern California, United States

Rocky Peak, located in Rocky Peak Park, is the fourth-highest point in the Santa Susana Mountains, and overlooks the San Fernando Valley and Chatsworth, the Simi Hills, and the Simi Valley in Southern California. The peak, which is 2,715 feet (828 m) in elevation, sits on the Los Angeles County–Ventura County line.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Simi Hills</span> Mountain range of the Transverse Ranges in California, United States

The Simi Hills are a low rocky mountain range of the Transverse Ranges in eastern Ventura County and western Los Angeles County, of southern California, United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Simi Valley, California</span> City in California, United States

Simi Valley is a city in the valley of the same name in the southeast region of Ventura County, California, United States. Simi Valley is 40 miles (65 km) from Downtown Los Angeles, making it part of the Greater Los Angeles Area. The city sits next to Thousand Oaks, Moorpark, and Chatsworth. As of the 2020 U.S. Census the population was 126,356, up from 124,243 in 2010. The city of Simi Valley is surrounded by the Santa Susana Mountains and the Simi Hills, west of the San Fernando Valley, and northeast of the Conejo Valley. It grew as a commuter bedroom community for the cities in the Los Angeles area, and the San Fernando Valley when a freeway was built over the Santa Susana Pass.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Corriganville Movie Ranch</span> Film studio and movie ranch in California, US

Corriganville Movie Ranch was a working film studio and movie ranch for outdoor location shooting, as well as a Western-themed tourist attraction. The ranch, owned by actor and stuntman Ray "Crash" Corrigan, was located in the foothills of the Santa Susana Mountains in the Santa Susana Pass area of Simi Valley in eastern Ventura County, California. It was destroyed by wildfires in 1970 and 1979. The site is currently a public park in the City of Simi Valley, called Corriganville Park, and operated by Rancho Simi Recreation and Park District.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Santa Susana Depot</span> Building in Simi Valley, California

Santa Susana Depot is a train station building located near the Santa Susana Pass in Simi Valley, California. Originally located on Los Angeles Avenue at Tapo Street, the depot opened in 1903. The station was named after the Santa Susana Mountains at the east end of the Simi Valley. The Southern Pacific Railroad used the double-"N" spelling of Susanna on the depot sign facing west, and the single-"N" spelling of Susana on the sign facing east. The Santa Susana Tunnel opened the next year, reducing the distance and transit time between Montalvo and Burbank on the Coast Route linking Los Angeles and San Francisco. Plans and construction for the building were based on Southern Pacific Railroad standard design Two Story Combination Depot No. 22. The depot served the community of Rancho Simi as a passenger station, telegraph office, and freight depot where farmers could deliver crops for shipping and pick up farming equipment delivered by the railroad.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Las Llajas Canyon</span>

Las Llajas Canyon within the Marr Ranch Parkland contains the 1920s residential subdivision called Marrland and the surrounding open space area administrated by the Rancho Simi Recreation and Park District (RSRPD) and is located in northeastern Simi Valley, CA. The Las Llajas and nearby Chivo Canyons are parts of the Marr Ranch Parkland, Marrland residential subdivision, and are situated at the foothills on the south side of the Santa Susana Mountains. It contains panoramic mountain and city views, large oak trees, stream and stream bed, rock formations, barren hillsides and rolling hills. The canyon is visited for recreational activities as rock climbing, biking, hiking, wildlife observation, photography, running, picnicking, and horseback riding. It has smooth footing with many sandy sections and a green creek-bed. It also includes a 46-acre dam that was intended for creation a recreational lake in the 1970s. Now called the Las Llajas Canyon Debris Basin.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arroyo Simi</span> River in the United States

The Arroyo Simi is a 19-mile (31 km) westwards-running creek, located in California, United States, running from the city of Simi Valley and crosses the valley from east to west, before entering the city of Moorpark. It originates at Corriganville Park by the Santa Susana Pass, and streams westwards into Moorpark where it merges with Arroyo Las Posas by Hitch Road. It extends for 12 miles (19 km) through the Simi Valley, and leaves the city limits by Oak Park at the western end Simi Valley, and continues for seven miles in Moorpark. It is a tributary to the Calleguas Creek, which enters the Pacific Ocean by its estuary at Mugu Lagoon by Naval Air Station Point Mugu. Besides an arroyo, it has been described as a channel, waterway, river, drain, wash, and stream. Arroyo Simi drains an area of 343 square miles in southern Ventura County. In its natural state, it is an ephemeral creek, which is only seasonally filled during winter time and periods of heavy rain. Today it is for the most part a concrete lined water drain that flows year round. Tributaries to the Arroyo Simi includes Alamos Canyon-, Sycamore-, Dry Canyon-, Tapo Canyon-, Las Llajas Canyon-, White Oak-, Runkle Canyon-, and Bus Canyon Creeks, as well as the Erringer Road- and North Simi Drains.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sage Ranch Park</span> Public park and nature preserve in Ventura County, California

Sage Ranch Park is a 625-acre park (253 ha) and wildlife corridor located at a 2,000 feet (610 m) height in the northwestern Simi Hills on the northwestern plateau of the Simi Valley, bordering Los Angeles County and its San Fernando Valley. The campground area used to be a cattle ranch and later a filmset for Western movies. Sage Ranch Park is today an intermountain wildlife corridor, which links the Simi Hills with the Santa Susana- and Santa Monica Mountains. The mountainous park is mostly known for its unique sandstone rock formations, maybe particularly on its western side where the Sandstone Ridge and Turtle Rock are situated. On its northern side, there are great panoramic rural and metropolitan views of the Simi Valley, as well as surrounding Simi Hills, Santa Susana Mountains and beyond. It is home to numerous sandstone formations, caves, outcroppings, tilted rock formations, several hiking trails, a camping ground, as well as native flora and wildlife. The area is lined with coastal sage scrub and other flora includes chaparral, bush lupine, California poppy, sunflowers, Cream Cups, bracken, sword fern, prickly pear cactus, eucalyptus trees, oak woodland of ceanothus, coffee berry, California buckwheat, sycamore, Walnut Tree, ferns, orange- and avocado trees. It is a critical cross-mountain wildlife corridor and is home to fauna such as mountain lions, bobcats, eagles, vultures, owls, rattle snakes, coyotes, hawks, grey fox, king snakes, and more. Bordering Sage Ranch to the south is the Rocketdyne Santa Susana Field Laboratory, in which the nearby Burro Flats Painted Cave is located.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tapo Canyon</span>

Tapo Canyon is a series of canyons and a wildlife corridor in the western Santa Susana Mountains, north of Simi Valley in Ventura County, Southern California. It's the main filming location of the well-known TV show Little House on the Prairie in the 1970s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wildwood Regional Park</span> Regional park in California, US

Wildwood Regional Park is a suburban regional park in the western Simi Hills and Conejo Valley, in Ventura County, California. It is located in western Thousand Oaks, northern Newbury Park, and southern Moorpark.

Bridle Path is a community in the southwestern area of the City of Simi Valley, in Ventura County, Southern California.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arroyo Conejo</span> Creek in the Conejo Valley, California

Arroyo Conejo is the longest creek in the Conejo Valley, sprawling over the cities of Thousand Oaks and Camarillo, and the communities of Newbury Park, Casa Conejo and Santa Rosa Valley. Arroyo Conejo is the primary drainage for the City of Thousand Oaks. Its watershed covers 57 square miles (150 km2) of which 43 square miles (110 km2) are in the Conejo Valley and 14 square miles (36 km2) in the Santa Rosa Valley.

References

  1. ↑ "U.S. Census". Archived from the original on January 25, 2012.
  2. 1 2 3 U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Santa Susana CDP
  3. 1 2 "Santa Susana CDP and Simi Valley city as shown in TIGERweb". U.S. Census Bureau Geography Division. Retrieved July 9, 2015.
  4. 1 2 Appleton, Bill (2009). Images of America: Santa Susana. Arcadia Publishing. Page 7. ISBN   9780738570495.
  5. ↑ Aleahmad, Linda (1990). Simi Valley: Toward New Horizons. Windsor Publications, Inc. Page 40. ISBN   9780897813631.
  6. ↑ Sneiderman, Phil (June 11, 1992). "SIMI VALLEY : Name Change to 'Santa Susana' Urged". Los Angeles Times.
  7. 1 2 Appleton, Bill (2009). Images of America: Santa Susana. Arcadia Publishing. Page 97. ISBN   9780738570495.
  8. ↑ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Santa Susana Knolls: Populated Place
  9. ↑ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Santa Susana: Populated Place
  10. ↑ Gowenlock, Shanna (August 31, 1989). "County Board Limits Commercial Growth in Santa Susana Knolls". Los Angeles Times.
  11. ↑ Appleton, Bill (2009). Images of America: Santa Susana. Arcadia Publishing. Pages 7 and 11. ISBN   9780738570495.
  12. ↑ Lystra, Tony (December 20, 1999). "Santa Susana Knolls Has Natural Animosity With Simi". Los Angeles Times.
  13. 1 2 "Simi Valley Acorn - Simi's Favorite Weekly Newspaper". Archived from the original on November 6, 2012.
  14. 1 2 Mitchell, Robert and Hannah (2015). Raising Drug Addicts: A Father’s Account, with Lessons Learned and Sections by my Daughter from the Orange County Jail. WestBow Press. Page 37. ISBN   9781490881980.
  15. ↑ Appleton, Bill (2009). Images of America: Santa Susana. Arcadia Publishing. Pages 97-107. ISBN   9780738570495.
  16. ↑ Radio, Southern California Public (June 24, 2015). "Cougar, kittens spotted feeding in Santa Susana Mountains". Southern California Public Radio.
  17. 1 2 Johnson, John R. 1997. Chumash Indians in Simi Valley in Simi Valley: A Journey Through Time. Simi Valley, CA: Simi Valley Historical Society. Pages 488-489. ISBN   978-0965944212.
  18. ↑ Capace, Nancy (1999). Encyclopedia of California. North American Book Dist LLC. Page 426. ISBN   9780403093182.
  19. 1 2 Lynne McCall & Perry Rosalind (1991). The Chumash People: Materials for Teachers and Students. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History. EZ Nature Books. Page 49. ISBN   0945092237.
  20. ↑ Appleton, Bill (2009). Images of America: Santa Susana. Arcadia Publishing. Pages 7 and 11. ISBN   9780738570495.
  21. ↑ "Prehistoric milling site found in California". USA Today. March 4, 2006.
  22. ↑ Johnson, John R. (1997). Simi Valley: A Journey Through Time. Simi Valley Historical Society. Page 5. ISBN   978-0965944212.
  23. ↑ Aleahmad, Linda (1990). Simi Valley: Toward New Horizons. Windsor Publications, Inc. Pages 12-13. ISBN   9780897813631.
  24. ↑ Appleton, Bill (2009). Images of America: Santa Susana. Arcadia Publishing. Page 11. ISBN   9780738570495.
  25. ↑ Johnson, John R. (1997). Simi Valley: A Journey Through Time. Simi Valley Historical Society. Page 7. ISBN   978-0965944212.
  26. 1 2 3 "Simi Valley Acorn - Simi's Favorite Weekly Newspaper". Archived from the original on May 29, 2015.
  27. ↑ Aleahmad, Linda (1990). Simi Valley: Toward New Horizons. Windsor Publications, Inc. Pages 40. ISBN   9780897813631.
  28. 1 2 Appleton, Bill (2009). Images of America: Santa Susana. Arcadia Publishing. Page 7. ISBN   9780738570495.
  29. ↑ Johnson, John R. (1997). Simi Valley: A Journey Through Time. Simi Valley Historical Society. Page 387. ISBN   978-0965944212.
  30. ↑ Appleton, Bill (2009). Images of America: Santa Susana. Arcadia Publishing. Page 33. ISBN   9780738570495.
  31. ↑ Appleton, Bill (2009). Images of America: Santa Susana. Arcadia Publishing. Page 53. ISBN   9780738570495.
  32. ↑ Appleton, Bill (2009). Images of America: Santa Susana. Arcadia Publishing. Page 55. ISBN   9780738570495.
  33. ↑ Appleton, Bill (2009). Images of America: Santa Susana. Arcadia Publishing. Page 75. ISBN   9780738570495.
  34. ↑ Appleton, Bill (2009). Images of America: Santa Susana. Arcadia Publishing. Page 85. ISBN   9780738570495.
  35. ↑ Appleton, Bill (2009). Images of America: Santa Susana. Arcadia Publishing. Page 51. ISBN   9780738570495.
  36. ↑ Appleton, Bill (2009). Images of America: Santa Susana. Arcadia Publishing. Page 115. ISBN   9780738570495.
  37. ↑ Aleahmad, Linda (1990). Simi Valley: Toward New Horizons. Windsor Publications, Inc. Pages 74-75. ISBN   9780897813631.
  38. ↑ Johnson, John R. (1997). Simi Valley: A Journey Through Time. Simi Valley Historical Society. Pages 452-453. ISBN   978-0965944212.
  39. ↑ "Rocketdyne Cleanup Won't Help Runkle Canyon". LA Weekly. September 23, 2010.
  40. ↑ "Simi Valley Acorn - Simi's Favorite Weekly Newspaper". Archived from the original on April 7, 2011.
  41. ↑ Aleahmad, Linda (1990). Simi Valley: Toward New Horizons. Windsor Publications, Inc. Pages 109-110. ISBN   9780897813631.
  42. ↑ "Boundary Map and Geodata for the CDP of Santa Susana in California, U.S.A". MapTechnica.com. Retrieved February 10, 2014
  43. ↑ "Simi Valley Acorn - Simi's Favorite Weekly Newspaper". Archived from the original on October 20, 2014.
  44. ↑ "Opponents of development near Simi Valley pack hearing - VC-Star". www.vcstar.com. Archived from the original on July 7, 2015. Retrieved August 1, 2022.
  45. 1 2 "Simi Valley Acorn - Simi's Favorite Weekly Newspaper". Archived from the original on July 7, 2015.
  46. ↑ "Simi Valley Acorn - Simi's Favorite Weekly Newspaper". Archived from the original on July 7, 2015.
  47. ↑ "Rancho Simi Park District celebrates 50 years - VC-Star". www.vcstar.com. Archived from the original on July 7, 2015. Retrieved August 1, 2022.
  48. ↑ "2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Santa Susana CDP". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 15, 2014. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  49. ↑ "Lamountains". Archived from the original on October 30, 2004.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.