Due to its relatively large area, it is a very heterogeneous district, having inhabitants belonging to all socio-economic levels.
The northern parts of Santiago de Surco, which are close to the districts of La Molina and San Borja, are known as Monterrico and Chacarilla, and considerably more developed than the southern side of the district, having more upper-class housing and all four major shopping centers of the district.
One of the biggest attractions of Surco is the old Church San Juan Grande, which is currently under reconstruction. In earlier years this church remained unwatched and with no care from the municipality of Surco and was inhabited by locals in poverty.
It is said that this old church was communicated to the Santiago Apostol Cathedral a few miles from there in old Surco by a sort of underground passages built by the Jesuits to be used in case of war or danger. What is a fact is the old skulls and little babies bones found by curious people who walked in the catacums.
This church was built by the Jesuit order in 1752, using adobe, canes, stones and wood only. The Jesuit order was expelled in 1767 from all the Spanish territories due to disagreements with the Spanish monarch Carlos III and then after their properties were confiscated. Thus this place was abandoned. Thereafter, this land was sold in an auction. As a matter of fact, this land was divided into two pieces; A large(grande) parcel and a small one. The church then took its name from the large parcel, which was "grande" in Spanish.
This house-property was used as a shelter for Cáceres' troops in times of war. While sheltering at one point, Caceres didn't know from where the Chilean troops, who had just arrived a few hours earlier in Conchan, could attack the city. So he used the help of a young boy. There was an immense 300-year-old pine tree in the patio that divided the church from the house-property, and even though it fell in January 2001, it remains unbroken in the collective memory of Surco as a silent witness to what happened. Julio César Escobar, the young boy, became a hero at the age of 13 during the San Juan and Miraflores battle by giving his life for the sake of the country. Julio climbed up to the top of the pine tree, to be a lookout and warn Caceres about the Chilean troops' approach. When Julio saw the Chileans, he was too high to climb down to warn about the Chilean troops' arrival. The Peruvian troops fled from the shooting that had begun and Julio was not able to escape. Unfortunately, the patriots were defeated, and the kid hero was shot dead near the immense tree. The church was then sacked and burned by the Chilean troops, who later converted it into a stable.
District creation
The old district of San José de Surco was created by Law 6644 on December 16, 1929 out of the Barranco District.[2] And in 1944, Santiago de Surco district is renamed and get territories from the old Ate district.[3]
The district of Santiago de Surco, at that time, bordered to the north, with the districts of La Victoria and Ate. To the east, with the district of Pachacámac. To the south, with the district of Lurín. To the southwest, with the district of Chorrillos. To the west, with the district of Barranco. And to the northwest, with the district of Miraflores. Likewise, at that time, it covered the jurisdiction of the current districts of Villa El Salvador, Villa María del Triunfo, San Juan de Miraflores, and part of San Borja.
Territorial cut
In the decade of the 40's and 50's, the eastern and southern areas of the district began to become overpopulated and suffer from a massive invasion, such as: "La Barriada de Ciudad de Dios" and the "Sociedad El Triunfo de la Restauración". Therefore, in the 1960s, Santiago de Surco began to suffer from a massive territorial cut. First, thanks to the founding of the district of Villa María del Triunfo, whose new district ended up also covering what would currently be Villa El Salvador. Later, in 1965, Santiago de Surco suffered another large cut, after the founding of the San Juan de Miraflores district, due to the settlement of the Pamplona Alta hill. Later, in 1983, the district got its last big cut, thanks to the founding of the San Borja district.
Urban distribution
Surco, as it is commonly known, obtained the title of "garden district" four times in the management of Carlos Dargent. In its jurisdiction, families of high socioeconomic level largely reside (Monterrico and surrounding areas); while in the southern area there are homes from different socioeconomic strata, including: upper middle, middle and lower middle. The district covers the urbanizations of Valle Hermoso, Monterrico, Las Casuarinas, La Castellana, Los Álamos, La Floresta de Monterrico, Cerros de Camacho, Pancho Fierro, Santa Constanza, Chacarilla del Estanque, Higuereta, Neptuno, Tambo de Monterrico, El Dorado, Chama, Alborada, Liguria, Las Gardenias, Santa Teresa, Bella Luz, Vista Alegre, San Ignacio de Monterrico, Prolongación Benavides, Monterrico Sur, Los Rosales, La Capullana, Los Precursores, La Cruceta, Los Próceres, Santo Cristo, La Virreyna, San Roque, La Ensenada, San Pedrito, Sagitario, Surco Viejo or Surco Pueblo, Jorge Chávez, Santa María, Cercado de Surco, Los Parrales and Camino Real. In areas where per capita income is high, such as in Las Casuarinas, access is restricted. The price of a home in such an urbanization is usually very high. However, there are areas of this same socioeconomic level such as Chacarilla or other parts of Monterrico, where access is free. Santiago de Surco is characterized by being a large district with a large amount of green areas, being behind the San Borja district.
Due to the fame that the district has, some urbanizations belonging to the district of Chorrillos, such as the areas of La Encantada and Las Brisas de Villa, have expressed their desire to be administered by Santiago de Surco in June 2013. Despite the existence of Peruvian law, which establishes that every district must have territorial continuity, a factor that does not apply there. All this, due to the inattention on the part of the district of Chorrillos, to such urbanizations.
In the southern part of the district, divided by Tomás Marsano Avenue, there is a coexistence of different socioeconomic strata. Its population belongs to both the medium-high socioeconomic level: urbanizations of Los Próceres, Los Precursores, Sagitario, La Campiña, Viñedos de Surco, etc; as well as, at the average socioeconomic level: urbanizations of Rodrigo Franco and Surco Viejo. Likewise, there are areas inhabited by families of the lower-middle socioeconomic level, where the highest crime rate in the entire district is found: human settlements of Viva el Perú, San Gabino, Parque Alto, Parque Bajo, Tejada Alta, Manuel Medina Paredes and Señor of Miracles.
It is estimated that in Santiago de Surco, given its large size, there are around 60 small human settlements, located near its limits with the districts of San Juan de Miraflores, Chorrillos and Barranco. As in the districts of La Molina and San Borja, the homes in these human settlements and popular urbanizations are self-built. In human settlements such as Señor de los Milagros, Viva El Perú and Diente de Oro there are precarious construction homes. These are inhabitants who can be considered vulnerable people. Even so, a large part of these areas have basic public services.
Administratively, the district is divided into 9 sectors. It has a very varied climate and landscape. Due to its location, it can be considered part of Lima Sur; However, due to legal situations, Santiago de Surco is part of the Lima Center area.
Many of Lima's largest shopping centers are also located in the district, including "Jockey Plaza Shopping Center", "Caminos del Inca", "Chacarilla" and "El Polo". Santiago de Surco has won five awards for having some of the best-kept green areas in Lima.
La Vendimia (grapevine): The Viticulture Association and the Municipality of Santiago de Surco sponsor this showcase for regional crafts, cuisine and wine processes within the framework of the "Vineyard Harvest of Surco." The craft of wine preparation is demonstrated through macerating grapes by the traditional method of treading by foot. Grape fermentation and aging processes are also shown. A Reina de la Vendimia (Queen of the Harvest) is chosen and local performers stage their talents. This seasonal festival takes place from March 17 to 26, annually and it is one of the most traditionalist festivities. It is celebrated in downtown Surco. The first Vendimia was started by Engineer Pedro Venturo Zapata, owner and operator of "Hacienda Higuereta y Anexos - Negociacion Vinicola Pedro Venturo S.A." (1925-1952)
Lima is the capital and largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón, Rímac and Lurín Rivers, in the desert zone of the central coastal part of the country, overlooking the Pacific Ocean. The city is considered the political, cultural, financial and commercial center of Peru. Due to its geostrategic importance, the Globalization and World Cities Research Network has categorized it as a "beta" tier city. Jurisdictionally, the metropolis extends mainly within the province of Lima and in a smaller portion, to the west, within the Constitutional Province of Callao, where the seaport and the Jorge Chávez Airport are located. Both provinces have regional autonomy since 2002.
Pueblos jóvenes is the term used for the shanty towns that surround Lima and other cities of Peru. Many of these towns have developed into districts of Lima such as Comas, Los Olivos and Villa El Salvador.
Chorrillos is a district of the Lima Province in Peru and part of the city of Lima. It gets its name from the Spanish word for "trickle of water". The district was founded as San Pedro de los Chorrillos and served as a deluxe beach resort until the late 19th century, when it was almost completely destroyed by Chilean forces during the War of the Pacific.
The Lima and Callao Metro is a rapid transit system that serves the cities of Lima and Callao, which make up the Lima metropolitan area. The existing metro lines currently link the district of Villa El Salvador in the south of Lima with San Juan de Lurigancho in the northeast of the city, as well as a 5km segment in the east of the metro area. Furthermore, there are four additional lines planned for the network.
Barranco is one of 43 districts in Lima, Peru. Its current mayor is Jessica Vargas.
The Lima Metropolitan Area is an area formed by the conurbation of the Peruvian provinces of Lima and Callao. It is the largest of the metropolitan areas of Peru, the seventh largest in the Americas, the fourth largest in Latin America, and among the thirty largest in the world. The conurbation process started to be evident in the 1980s.
The district of La Molina is one of the forty-three districts that make up the province of Lima, located in the department of the same name, in Peru. Officially established as a district on February 6, 1962. The current mayor of La Molina is Esteban Diego Uceda Guerra-García.
San Borja is a district of the Lima Province in Peru, and one of the upscale districts that comprise the city of Lima. Originally part of the district of Surquillo and San Isidro, it became officially established as a separate district on June 1, 1983. The new district took its name from a former hacienda (estate) which dominated the area. The district's postal code is 41. The current mayor (alcalde) is Marco Antonio Álvarez Vargas.
Miraflores is a district of the Lima Province in Peru. It is a residential and upscale shopping district south of downtown Lima. It is also one of the wealthiest districts that make up the city of Lima. It has several hotels, restaurants, bars, nightclubs, and department stores. Miraflores is one of the main tourist destinations in Lima.
The Ate district, also called Ate-Vitarte, is one of the forty-three districts that make up the Lima Province, located in Peru.
The district of San Juan de Miraflores is one of the forty-three districts that make up the province of Lima, located in the department of the same name, in Peru. Is one of the new towns, that have been formed by the massive numbers of people moving from other towns of Metropolitan Lima and from the countryside. During the early 1960s, was mostly a desert area.
A Peruvian postal code is a five-digit string that comprises part of a postal address in Peru. Prior to 2011, only the major cities of Lima and Callao used postal codes. However, in February 2011 a nationwide system was implemented which employs a five-digit numeric format. Similar to the postal codes of Mexico, Brazil, Australia, the United States, and elsewhere, postal codes in Peru are strictly numerical, using only numbers.
The Battle of Miraflores occurred on January 15, 1881 in the Miraflores District of Lima, Peru. It was an important battle during the War of the Pacific that was fought between Chile and the forces of Peru. The Chilean army led by Gen. Manuel Baquedano defeated the army commanded by Nicolás de Piérola guarding the second defensive line of the Peruvian capital city. Two days later, Lima, the capital city of Peru was occupied by Chilean troops. Gen. Baquedano's forces marched into Lima triumphant, while Peru's president and his officers fled into the interior, leaving the country without any government. Even after the fall of Lima, the war continued between the occupation army and the troops of Andres Caceres for another three years. During the occupation of Lima, Peru's National Library was burned, while a number of other monuments were ransacked by Chilean forces and taken as war trophies.
The Battle of San Juan, also known as the Battle of San Juan and Chorrillos, was the first of two battles in the Lima Campaign during the War of the Pacific, and was fought on 13 January 1881. This battle is really a group of smaller, yet fierce confrontations at the defensive strongholds of Villa, Chorrillos, Santiago de Surco, San Juan de Miraflores, Santa Teresa and Morro Solar. The Chilean army led by Gen. Manuel Baquedano inflicted a harsh defeat on the Peruvian army commanded by the Supreme Chief Nicolás de Piérola. The Chilean triumph eliminated the first defensive line guarding Lima, and almost obliterated the Peruvian army defending it.
The Cono Sur or Lima Sur is one of the five areas that make up the Lima Metropolitan Area. It is located in the southern part of the metropolis hence its name. This socioeconomic levels of this district are varied. Most of the population however belongs to the lower and middle classes. But it is the area closest to the districts of the modern zone and residential areas like Miraflores, La Molina, Santiago de Surco, etc. Many of the residents belonging to these districts are immigrants from various regions of the country. As they settled there, some developed successful communities such as Villa El Salvador, while others still live in poor housing known as Pueblos jóvenes. The area is popular for its beaches, farms and factories in that population greatly increases during the summer months.
Pedro Manuel Venturo Zapata was an entrepreneur, engineer, agronomist, paso horse breeder, vintner and Minister of Agriculture. He was the CEO of Hacienda Higuereta y Anexos - Negociacion Vinicola Pedro Venturo S.A. from 1925 to 1952.
The Lima campaign is the third land campaign of the War of the Pacific, carried out by Chile between December 1880 and January 1881. The campaign ended with the Chilean occupation of the Peruvian capital and the establishment of the Chilean authority in it and other surrounding territories, which would extend until 1883, with the end of the war.
Luis Fernán Bedoya Reyes Expressway, also known by its former name, Paseo de la República, or by its nickname, El Zanjón, is the most representative avenue of Lima, Peru. It crosses the districts of Lima, Lince, La Victoria, San Isidro, Surquillo, Miraflores, Barranco and Chorrillos from north to south along 66 blocks. COSAC I of the Metropolitano extends along its entire length, being one of the widest avenues in the city and country.
↑ Alberto Tauro del Pino, Enciclopedia Ilustrada del Perú, vol. XV, p. 2414.
↑ "Direcciones"/"Adresse." Deutsche Schule Lima Alexander von Humboldt. Retrieved on 16 March 2015. "Humboldt I: Av. Benavides 3081 Ingreso: Marko Jara Schenone s/n. Miraflores (Lima 18) – Perú" and "Humboldt II: Av. Benavides 3572 Surco (Lima 33) – Perú" and "Centro recreativo Huampaní:[or]Schullandheim: Alto de la Luna s/n Huampaní"
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