| Sesarmops | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Sesarmops imperator | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Malacostraca |
| Order: | Decapoda |
| Suborder: | Pleocyemata |
| Infraorder: | Brachyura |
| Family: | Sesarmidae |
| Genus: | Sesarmops Serène & Soh, 1970 |
Sesarmops is a genus of crabs in the family Sesarmidae. Its members are distributed through the Indo-West-Pacific oceanic region. They live in freshwater forest streams near the coast, and in mangroves.
Sesarmops was defined in 1970 when Serène and Soh re-organised the existing genus Sesarma . They included five species: S. atrorubens, S. impressus, S. intermedius, S. mindanaoensis, S. sinensis. [1]
Serène and Soh defined Sesarmops as having (1) the carapace as long or longer than the width measured at the external orbital teeth, (2) the frontal margin has a deep median concavity, (3) the postfrontal lobes are prominent, (4) the external orbital tooth is clearly separated from the rest of the lateral margin by a distinct cleft, (5) with the gastric and cardiac regions well defined. [2]
Ng et al. provisionally added Sesarma weberi in 2008, [1] Paulay and Starmer (2011) transferred Sesarma angustifrons to the genus in 2011. [3]
As a culmination of work through the 2000s and 2010s, the genus was revised in January and December 2020. Species were split and redefined, while two species were transferred to a new genus.
The type species Sesarmops impressum (formerly Sesarma impressa) and related species were reviewed by Ng et al. in 2020. [3] S. impressasensu lato from the West Pacific have different colouration and gonopods to those of the Indian Ocean. Ng, Li, & Shih restricted S. impressesus to the West Indian Ocean populations, defining S. indicus in the East Indian and S. imperator in the West Pacific oceans. The type locality for S. indicus is the Andaman Islands, records from Northern Sumatra, Mentawai Islands Regency, and Enggano Islands are provisionally referred to as the same species.
Hess's original types, from "Sydney", for S. atrorubens and S. similis are lost. Scholars believe that he received the specimens via Sydney, and that they were collected elsewhere. Ng et al. designated neotypes from Fiji and Samoa, respectively. [3]
Comparisons of mitochondrial DNA found that S. impressus and S. imperator form a clade sister to Bresedium eurypleon and B. brevipes, indicating that Sesarmops is paraphyletic to . [3] S. mora is sister to the impressum–Bresidium clade, whilst the Sesarmops intermedius complex, Pseudosesarma patshuni, and the Chiromantes dehaani complex form another grouping. S. mindanaoensis was found to be more distantly related than the other Pseudosesarma species (edwardsii, boucourtii, crassimarum). [1] The latter group (intermedius–patshuni–dehaani) was re-classified into a new genus Orisarma by Schubart & Ng (2020), having five species. [4]
As at 2023, the World Register of Marine Species recognises 9 species of Sesarmops, with two former species moved to Orisarma. [5]
Tuerkayana hirtipes is a species of terrestrial crab.
Discoplax is a genus of terrestrial crabs. It is very closely related to the genera Cardisoma and Tuerkayana.
Perisesarma is a genus of mangrove crabs in the family Sesarmidae predominantly found in the Indo-Pacific. Some 23 species are described as of late 2006, with two from West Africa: P. kammermani(De Man, 1883) and P. albertiRathbun, 1921. They are typically small, semiterrestrial crabs found on the forest floor at low tide. They eat nearly anything they can, and try to eat anything that does not threaten them — including pencils and other objects dropped on the forest floor. The last species of the genus described is P. samawatiGillikin and Schubart (2004). It can be found in East Africa along with P. guttatum, but its sister species is P. eumolpe from Malaysian mangroves.
The Gecarcinidae, the land crabs, are a family of true crabs that are adapted for terrestrial existence. Similar to all other crabs, land crabs possess a series of gills. In addition, the part of the carapace covering the gills is inflated and equipped with blood vessels. These organs extract oxygen from the air, analogous to the vertebrate lungs. Adult land crabs are terrestrial, but visit the sea periodically, where they breed and their larvae develop. Land crabs are tropical omnivores which sometimes cause considerable damage to crops. Most land crabs have one of their claws larger than the other.
The Sesarmidae are a family of crabs, previously included in the Grapsidae by many authors. Several species, namely in Geosesarma, Metopaulias, and Sesarma, are true terrestrial crabs. They do not need to return to the sea even for breeding.
Sesarma is a genus of terrestrial crabs endemic to the Americas.
Goneplacidae is a family of crabs of the order Decapoda and the superfamily Goneplacoidea. It includes the following genera:
Karstarma is a genus of karst-dwelling crabs formerly included in Sesarmoides.
Leucosiidae is a family of crabs containing three subfamilies and a number of genera incertae sedis:
Parasesarma leptosoma, also known as the arboreal crab, is an arboreal, leaf-eating mangrove crab, from East and South Africa where it is found on Rhizophora mucronata and Bruguiera gymnorhiza, but not on Avicennia marina. It occupies an ecological niche similar to that of another sesarmid, Aratus pisonii, from the Americas.
Red Devil Vampire Crabs are decapod crustaceans part of Brachyura. They are land living, freshwater crabs from tropical areas and are endemic to Indonesia. Like all other crabs, they have a carapace, two chelae and ten jointed legs. They are omnivorous.
Geosesarma dennerle is a species of small land-living crabs found on Java, Indonesia.
Dennerle is a German company producing aquarium and pond supplies. It was founded in 1966 as a pet store by Ludwig Dennerle in Pirmasens.
Perisesarma guttatum, the red-claw mangrove crab, is a crab species in the genus Perisesarma and the family Sesarmidae. It is distributed in coastal brackish water habitats of the western Indian Ocean.
Tubuca urvillei is a species of fiddler crab. It is found in Southeastern Africa from southern Somalia to South Africa and Madagascar.
Armases is a genus of true crabs in the family Sesarmidae. There are about 13 described species in Armases.
Austruca is a genus of Indo-west Pacific fiddler crabs in the family Ocypodidae. There are about 13 described species in this genus.
Metasesarma obesum, also known as the marble crab or marble Batik crab, is a species of sesarmid crab. It is a semiterrestrial and brackish-water crab that lives on sandy beaches.
Aratus is a neotropical genus of tree-climbing mangrove crabs in the serarmid family. The genus was first described by Henri Milne-Edwards in 1853, by separating A. pisonii into its own monotypic genus. Aratus has a range spanning Baja California and Sonora, south to Peru along the east Pacific, and from Florida to Brazil in the west Atlantic. Though there has long been attempts to distinguish the Atlantic and Pacific populations of Aratus into separate taxa, it was not until 2014 that sufficient genetic and morphological evidence was collected for the Pacific population to be described as a distinct species.
Tiomanium indicum, commonly known as the Tioman crab or the white clawed mangrove crab, is a crab in the family Sesarmidae. It inhabits the Western and central Indo-Pacific ocean, including Singapore, Malaysia, Australia (Queensland), the Philippines and New Guinea. Tioman crabs are supralittoral. In Cairns, Australia they are known for moving in numbers in some seasons entering backyards and homes. This species was originally described by H. Milne Edwards in 1837 as Sesarma indicum. It was placed in a new genus Tiomanium by Serene and Soh The carapace is convex and 34 mm length. Key features that differentiate Tiomanium from Neosarmatium include a spine at the end of the upper inner margin of the cheliped palm and a spine on the upper inner angle of the carpus.
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