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Ethnologue: Languages of the World is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information on the living languages of the world. It is the world's most comprehensive catalogue of languages. It was first issued in 1951, and is now published by SIL International, an American Christian non-profit organization.
The Indo-Iranian languages constitute the largest and southeasternmost extant branch of the Indo-European language family. They include over 300 languages, spoken by around 1.5 billion speakers, predominantly in South Asia and Greater Iran.
A transboundary protected area (TBPA) is an ecological protected area that spans boundaries of more than one country or sub-national entity. Such areas are also known as transfrontier conservation areas (TFCAs) or peace parks.
The Talysh people are an Iranian ethnic group indigenous to a region shared between Azerbaijan and Iran which spans the South Caucasus and the southwestern shore of the Caspian Sea. They speak the Talysh language, one of the Northwestern Iranian languages. It is spoken in the northern regions of the Iranian provinces of Gilan and Ardabil and the southern parts of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The areas in the Republic of Azerbaijan where Northern Talysh is spoken was historically known as Talish-i Gushtasbi. In Iran there is a Talesh County in Gilan Province.
The Gallo-Italic, Gallo-Italian, Gallo-Cisalpine or simply Cisalpine languages constitute the majority of the Romance languages of northern Italy: Piedmontese, Lombard, Emilian, Ligurian, and Romagnol. In central Italy they are spoken in the northern Marches ; in southern Italy in some language island in Basilicata and Sicily.
Azerbaijani is the only official language in Azerbaijan and is spoken by the majority of its population, however, a number of minority languages also exist in the country. The largest minority languages are Lezgian, Talysh, Avar, Russian and Tat. There are also other languages which are spoken by a very small percentage of the population such as Tsakhur and Khinalug.
The Talysh language, is a Northwestern Iranian language spoken in the northern regions of the Iranian provinces of Gilan and Ardabil and the southern regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan by around 500,000-800,000 people. Talysh language is closely related to the Tati language. It includes many dialects usually divided into three main clusters: Northern, Central (Iran) and Southern (Iran). Talysh is partially, but not fully, intelligible with Persian. Talysh is classified as "vulnerable" by UNESCO's Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger.
The Western Iranic languages are a branch of the Iranic languages, attested from the time of Old Persian and Median.
Tabasarans are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group native predominantly to southern part of the North Caucasian republic of Dagestan. Their population in Russia is about 150,000. They speak the Tabasaran language. They are mainly Sunni Muslims.
Talesh County (Persian: شهرستان تالش; also Tavalesh is in Gilan province, Iran. The capital of the county is the city of Hashtpar. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 179,499 in 42,949 households. The following census in 2011 counted 189,933 people in 52,989 households. At the 2016 census, the county's population was 200,649 in 61,055 households.
The Naga languages are a geographic and ethnic grouping of languages under the Kuki-Chin-Naga languages, spoken mostly by Naga peoples.
Tourism in Morocco is well developed, maintaining a strong tourist industry focused on the country's coast, culture, and history. The Moroccan government created a Ministry of Tourism in 1985. Tourism is considered one of the main foreign exchange sources in Morocco and since 2013 it had the highest number of arrivals out of the countries in Africa. In 2018, 12.3 million tourists were reported to have visited Morocco.
The Senegambian languages, traditionally known as the Northern West Atlantic, or in more recent literature sometimes confusingly as the Atlantic languages, are a branch of Atlantic–Congo languages centered on Senegal, with most languages spoken there and in neighboring southern Mauritania, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, and Guinea. The transhumant Fula, however, have spread with their languages from Senegal across the western and central Sahel. The most populous unitary language is Wolof, the national language of Senegal, with four million native speakers and millions more second-language users. There are perhaps 13 million speakers of the various varieties of Fula, and over a million speakers of Serer. The most prominent feature of the Senegambian languages is that they are devoid of tone, unlike the vast majority of Atlantic-Congo languages.
UNESCO established its Lists of Intangible Cultural Heritage with the aim of ensuring better protection of important intangible cultural heritages worldwide and the awareness of their significance. This list is published by the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, the members of which are elected by State Parties meeting in a General Assembly. Through a compendium of the different oral and intangible treasures of humankind worldwide, the programme aims to draw attention to the importance of safeguarding intangible heritage, which UNESCO has identified as an essential component and as a repository of cultural diversity and of creative expression.
Maraghei is a dialect of the Tati language, spoken in the Gilan Province, and upper Rudbar area. The Maraghei Tati is closely related to Talysh and Gozarkhani, and falls under the Qazvinic language. One dialect spoken is Dikini, there are also various other dialects.
Glottolog is a bibliographic database of the world's lesser-known languages, developed and maintained first at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany. Its main curators include Harald Hammarström and Martin Haspelmath.
Gilit Mesopotamian Arabic, also known as Iraqi Arabic, Mesopotamian Gelet Arabic, or simply Mesopotamian Arabic is one of the two main varieties of Mesopotamian Arabic, together with North Mesopotamian Arabic.
Talysh assimilation is a socio-cultural process in the Republic of Azerbaijan in which the Talysh cease to identify themselves as part of the Talysh ethnic and cultural community. Assimilation proceeds through identification with culture, religion, national or political ideals of the assimilating environment or through mixed marriages.
Talyshstan is a historically and nowadays term denoting "the country of Talysh". It is also sometimes used to avoid homonymy with the name of the ethnos itself, Talysh, according to the common model of forming the names of territories and countries with the suffix -stan. Divided into two parts: Northern Talyshstan in Azerbaijan and Southern Talyshstan in Iran.In the north, it adjoins the Mugan plain in Azerbaijan and stretches in a narrow strip along the southern coast of the Caspian Sea to the settlement of Kopulchal, located near the port of Anzali in Iran. Talyshstan is also sometimes referred to as the Talysh-Mugan Autonomous Republic, which was declared in 1993. The term Talyshstan was historically met by a number of medieval authors in relation to the region in Gilan. The medieval cartographer Mohammad Saleh Esfahani used the term "Talyshstan" already in 1609 in relation to Gilan. The toponym "Talyshstan" in the Lahijan County (Gilan,Biye-pis), inhabited by the Talysh, is used by Abd-Al-Fattah Fumeni in his work "The History of Gilan".
PHOIBLE is a linguistic database accessible through its website and compiling phonological inventories from primary documents and tertiary databases into a single, easily searchable sample. The 2019 version 2.0 includes 3,020 inventories containing 3,183 segment types found in 2,186 distinct languages. It is edited by Steven Moran, Assistant Professor from the Institute of Biology at the University of Neuchâtel and Daniel McCloy, Researcher at the Institute for Learning and Brain Sciences at the University of Washington.
References
- ↑ "Glottolog 4.7 - Shahrudi-Southern Talysh". glottolog.org. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
- ↑ "Shahrudi-Southern Talysh | UNESCO WAL". en.wal.unesco.org. Retrieved 2023-02-01.