Bashkardi | |
---|---|
Southern Bashkardi | |
Molki Gāl | |
Native to | Iran |
Ethnicity | Bashkardi |
Native speakers | 7,000 all Bashkardi (2000) [1] |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | bsg (for all Bashkardi) |
Glottolog | bash1263 Bashkardi |
ELP | Bashkardi |
Southern Bashkardi or Bashagerdi , or simply "Bashkardi", and also known as southern "Bashaka", is a Southwestern Iranian language [2] [3] spoken in the southeast of Iran in the provinces of Kerman, Sistan and Baluchestan, and Hormozgan. The language is closely related to Garmsiri, Larestani and Kumzari. It forms a transitional dialect group to northwestern Iranian Balochi, due to intense areal contact.
Northern Bashkardi, or Marzi Gāl, is closer to neighbours than is Southern Bashkardi, or Molki Gāl, [4] and has been classified as a dialect of the neighboring Garmsiri (a.k.a. Bandari) language. [5] [6]
The Bashkardi varieties spoken further inland may not all fall into either Northern or Southern Bashkardi. [6]
Old Persian is one of two directly attested Old Iranian languages and is the ancestor of Middle Persian. Like other Old Iranian languages, it was known to its native speakers as ariya (Iranian). Old Persian is close to both Avestan and the language of the Rig Veda, the oldest form of the Sanskrit language. All three languages are highly inflected.
Zaza or Zazaki is a Northwestern Iranian language spoken primarily in eastern Turkey by the Zazas, who are commonly considered as Kurds, and in many cases identify as such. The language is a part of the Zaza–Gorani language group of the northwestern group of the Iranian branch. The glossonym Zaza originated as a pejorative and many Zazas call their language Dimlî.
Luri is a Southwestern Iranian language continuum spoken by the Lur people, an Iranian people native to Western Asia. The Luri dialects are descended from Middle Persian and are Central Luri, Bakhtiari, and Southern Luri. This language is spoken mainly by the Bakhtiari and Southern Lurs in Iran.
The Pamir languages are an areal group of the Eastern Iranian languages, spoken by numerous people in the Pamir Mountains, primarily along the Panj River and its tributaries.
The Median language was the language of the Medes. It is an ancient Iranian language and classified as belonging to the Northwestern Iranian subfamily, which includes many other languages such as Kurdish, Old Azeri, Talysh, Gilaki, Mazandarani, Zaza–Gorani and Baluchi.
Dialects of Fars are a group of southwestern and northwestern Persian dialects spoken in the central Fars province. The southwestern dialects can be divided into three families of dialects according to geographical distribution and local names: Southwestern (Lori), South-central (Kuhmareyi) and Southeastern (Larestani). Under linguistic typology a part of the dialects of the region can be classified as follows:
Iron Ossetian also known as Iron Ossetic, Iron-Ossetic, is a is one of the two main dialects of the Ossetic language along with Digor spoken in the Caucasus. The majority of Ossetians speak Iron, notably in the East, South and Central parts of North Ossetia–Alania, while in the West the Digor dialect is more prevalent. The Iron dialect has been the basis of the Ossetian written language since the abolition of the Digor standard in 1939.
The Iranian languages, also called Iranic languages, are a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages in the Indo-European language family that are spoken natively by the Iranian peoples, predominantly in the Iranian Plateau.
Mazandarani (also spelled Mazani or Tabari ; Mazanderani: مازِرونی, is an Iranian language of the Northwestern branch spoken by the Mazandarani people. As of 2019, there were 2 million native speakers. As a member of the Northwestern branch, etymologically speaking, it is rather closely related to Gilaki and also related to Persian, which belongs to the Southwestern branch. Though the Persian language has influenced Mazandarani to a great extent, Mazandarani still survives as an independent language with a northwestern Iranian origin.
The Eastern Iranian languages are a subgroup of the Iranian languages, having emerged during the Middle Iranian era. The Avestan language is often classified as early Eastern Iranian. As opposed to the Middle-era Western Iranian dialects, the Middle-era Eastern Iranian dialects preserve word-final syllables.
The Western Iranian languages or Western Iranic languages are a branch of the Iranian languages, attested from the time of Old Persian and Median.
Chalus is a city in, and the capital of, the Central District of Chalus County, Mazandaran province, Iran, and also serves as capital of the county.
The Semnani languages or Komisenian languages are a group of Northwestern Iranian languages, spoken in Semnan province of Iran that share many linguistic features and structures with Iranian languages. These languages are also called "dialects" in some sources. The Semnani languages are descendants of the extinct Parthian whereas the Caspian languages are descended from the extinct Median.
Kuhmareyi is one of the languages of southwestern Fars. It is a cluster of disparate dialects; the one illustrated here is the Davani dialect of the village of Davan, 12 kilometers north of Kazerun city in southern Iran. Davani had an estimated 1,000 speakers in 2004.
Semnani is one of the local languages of the Semnan Province of Iran. Despite the common misconception that Semnani is a Persian dialect, the language belongs to the Northwestern branch of the Western Iranian languages. Like other Caspian languages, it bears some resemblance to the Old Iranian Median language and was influenced by Parthian in a later process.
The Judeo-Iranian languages are a number of related Jewish variants of Iranian languages spoken throughout the formerly extensive realm of the Persian Empire. Judeo-Iranian dialects are generally conservative in comparison with those of their Muslim neighbours. Judeo-Shirazi, for example, remains close to the language of Hafez.
Sorkhei is a Western Iranian language. It is spoken in village of Sorkheh in Semnan Province in northwestern Iran.
Rüdiger Schmitt is a German linguist, Iranologist, and educator. He was a professor of Comparative Indo-European Philology and Indo-Iranian Studies at Saarland University in Saarbrücken, Saarland, Germany, from 1979 until 2004.
Pièrre Lecoq is a Belgian philologist, historian, and Iranologist.
Garmsiri or Bandari is a Southwestern Iranian language spoken in the southeast of Iran in Hormozgan Province. It consists of closely related dialects extending from the Halilrud river valley in the north down to the Strait of Hormuz in the south. The language is closely related to Bashkardi, Larestani and Kumzari. It forms a transitional dialect group to northwestern Iranian Balochi, due to intense areal contact.
From what has been published it would seem that North Baškardi is more closely related to its western relatives than to South Baškardi.