South African shelduck

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South African shelduck
Tadorna cana, Etosha NP, Namibia 311071331.jpg
Adults; female above, male below; Etosha National Park
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Anseriformes
Family: Anatidae
Genus: Tadorna
Species:
T. cana
Binomial name
Tadorna cana
(Gmelin, JF, 1789)
South African shelduck
IUCN distribution of the South African shelduck
  Extant (resident)
Tadorna cana egg, MHNT. Tadorna cana MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.21.2.jpg
Tadorna cana egg, MHNT.

The South African shelduck or Cape shelduck (Tadorna cana) is a species of shelduck, a group of large goose-like birds in the bird family Anatidae, which includes the swans, geese and ducks. This is a common species native to southern Africa.

Contents

This is a 64 cm (25 in) long bird which breeds mainly in Namibia and South Africa. In the austral winter, many birds move north-east from the breeding range to favoured moulting grounds, where sizable concentrations occur.

This species is mainly associated with lakes and rivers in fairly open country, breeding in disused mammal holes, usually those of the aardvark. Pairs tend to be very nomadic when not in breeding season. [2]

Taxonomy

The South African shelduck was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae . He placed it with all the other geese, ducks and swans in the genus Anas and coined the binomial name Anas cana. [3] Gmelin based his description on the "Grey-headed goose" from the Cape of Good Hope that the English ornithologist John Latham had described in 1785 in his A General Synopsis of Birds. [4] [5] The South African shelduck is now placed with five other species in the genus Tadorna that was described by the German zoologist Friedrich Boie in 1822. [6] [7] The genus name comes from the French name Tadorne for the common shelduck. The specific epithet cana is from Latin canus meaning "grey". [8] The species is monotypic; no subspecies are recognised. [7]

Description

Adult South African shelducks have ruddy bodies and wings strikingly marked with black, white and green. The male has a grey head, and the female has a white face and black crown, nape and neck sides. . [2] In flight they can be hard to distinguish from Egyptian geese. [2] Juveniles are duller in appearance. Young females lack the white on the head, excluding white eye circles. The colour on the females head is highly variable, with the extent of white increasing with age, [2] and can become almost fully white-headed. [9] Males make a deep honk or hoogh call while the female tends to produce a louder, sharper hark. [2]

South African shelduck is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) applies.

Captivity

In common with the other orange-plumaged shelducks like ruddy shelduck, it is popular in zoos and duck collections; hybrids with these other species in captivity are frequent and are problematic to identify. [10]

References

  1. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Tadorna cana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22680007A92838539. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22680007A92838539.en . Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Newman, Vanessa (2010). Newman's Birds of Southern Africa. Cape Town, South Africa: Pippa Parker. p. 112. ISBN   9781770078765.
  3. ↑ Gmelin, Johann Friedrich (1789). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 2 (13th ed.). Lipsiae [Leipzig]: Georg. Emanuel. Beer. pp. 510–511.
  4. ↑ Latham, John (1785). A General Synopsis of Birds. Vol. 3, Part 2. London: Printed for Leigh and Sotheby. p. 458, No. 19.
  5. ↑ Mayr, Ernst; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 450.
  6. ↑ Boie, Friedrich (1822). Tagebuch gehalten auf einer Reise durch Norwegen im Jahre 1817 (in German). Schleswig: Königl Taubstummen - Institut. pp. 140, 351.
  7. 1 2 Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2022). "Screamers, ducks, geese & swans". IOC World Bird List Version 12.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
  8. ↑ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp.  377, 87. ISBN   978-1-4081-2501-4.
  9. ↑ Madge, Steve; Burn, Hilary (1992). Wildfowl. London: Helm. pp. 46, 164. ISBN   0-7136-3647-5.
  10. ↑ "Ruddy Shelduck x South African Shelduck hybrid". applewildlife. 2017-02-17. Retrieved 2025-07-25.
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