Souvenir Henri Desgrange

Souvenir Henri Desgrange

The monument to Henri Desgrange near the summit of the Col du Galibier
Sport	Road bicycle racing
Competition	Tour de France
Awarded for	First across a particular point
Location	Various
Country	France
History
First award	1947
Editions	77 (as of 2024)
First winner	Raymond Impanis  (BEL)
Most wins	Richard Virenque  (FRA)   Nairo Quintana  (COL) 3 wins
Most recent	Tadej Pogačar  (SLO)

The Souvenir Henri Desgrange is an award and cash prize given in the yearly running of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tour races. It is won by the rider that crosses a particular point in the race, mostly the summits of the highest and iconic climbs in the Alps and Pyrenees. ^[1] It is named in honour of the creator and first race director of the Tour, French sports journalist Henri Desgrange, ^[2] who was passionate about taking the Tour de France as high up in the mountains as possible using the most difficult routes. ^[3]

History

Following the death of Desgrange in August 1940, ^[4] an award was given in his honour for the first time in the 1947 Tour, the first Tour since 1939, having been cancelled during World War II. ^[5] On stage 11, Raymond Impanis was the first of the field to pass a point by Desgrange's final residence, the "Villa Mia" in Beauvallon, Grimaud, on the French Riviera. ^{[6] [7]} In the first stage of the 1948 Tour, the prize was earned by Roger Lambrecht in the opening few kilometres at the summit of the Côte de Picardie climb in Versailles, Paris. ^{[8] [9] [10]} Beauvallon again hosted the award the following year, ^[11] before the 1950 and 1951 Tours saw the award marker point moved into the mountains atop the 2,058 m (6,752 ft)-high Col du Lautaret, ^{[12] [13] [14]} the pass that directly precedes the Galibier climb from the south. ^[15] In 1949, a monument to Desgrange was built 150 m (492 ft) from the southern entrance of the summit tunnel atop the Col du Galibier in the Alps, his favourite and one of the Tour's most iconic climbs. ^{[16] [17]} A wreath is laid at the monument when the Tour passes. ^[18] Beginning in 1952, ^[19] the marking point for the prize took place by the monument for the subsequent times the Tour visited the Galibier. ^[19] Since the 1965 Tour, the Galibier has always been used when it was passed. ^[19]

The tunnel at the summit of the Galibier was closed for safety reasons in 1976 – eventually re-opening in 2002. ^{[20] [21]} Bypassing the tunnel, the road was then extended a further kilometre up to the natural crest of the pass, ^[22] increasing the elevation of the summit by 86 meters to 2,642 m (8,668 ft). ^[23] This has been the award's marking point on the Galibier ever since it was first traversed in the 1979 Tour, when Lucien Van Impe claimed the award. ^[17] The tunnel was passed through on stage 19 of the 2011 Tour, but in that edition the Galibier was climbed twice in celebration the 100th anniversary of its appearance in the Tour. ^[24] The finish of the previous stage was atop the full Galibier climb, where Andy Schleck claimed memorable stage win as well as the award after his 60 km (37 mi) solo breakaway. ^[25] This was first ever Galibier summit stage finish and the highest ever Tour stage finish in history to that point. ^[24] Further notable stages featuring the award on the Galibier were in the 1952 and 1998 Tours, when Italians Fausto Coppi and Marco Pantani, respectively, took the award and then went on to win the stage, which proved decisive to both their overall general classification victories. ^{[18] [26]}

Non-summit marking points have been sparsely used for the award. ^[19] Beauvallon was a host for a total of six times, with a final appearance in the 1964 Tour. ^[19] The village of Cysoing in the far north hosted on the 1956 Tour, marking 200,000 kilometres travelled in Tour de France history. ^[27] Only twice have non-summit marking points happened since 1964. ^[19] Stage 11 of the 1978 race saw the award given to Christian Seznec at the legendary village of Sainte-Marie de Campan in the valley between the Col du Tourmalet and Col d'Aspin in the Pyrenees, ^[28] made famous when in the 1913 Tour, per the rules, Eugène Christophe was forced walk 14 km (9 mi) down the Tourmalet carrying his bicycle broken before repairing it at a forge in Campan. ^[29] The last time a non-summit point took place during the Grand Départ (opening stages) of the 1981 Tour, hosted by Nice, with the award at first planned to take place in the final kilometres of stage 1a beside the Carrefour supermarket on the Promenade des Anglais. This break from tradition was seen by the media as disrespectful to the race and the legacy of Desgrange. ^{[30] [31]} For unknown reasons the marking point banner was stolen the night before. ^[31] The replacement banner was strung up in the Landes forest 42 km (26 mi) before the end of stage 7 in Bordeaux, ^{[32] [33]} which was won unexpectedly by Theo de Rooij as a result of him being at the front of the leading breakaway group. ^[34]

From the 1965 Tour onwards, if the Galibier was not passed then the award was instead given atop a climb of similarly equal height, most commonly the Tourmalet, and beginning with the 1997 Tour, the highest climb of a Tour was mostly used when the Galibier was not included. ^{[19] [35]} Between the 2013 Tour and the 2023 Tour, the highest climb was always used. The 2024 Tour saw the award return to the Galibier, despite a higher climb occurring on stage 19. On two occasions, the Galibier climb was cancelled due to bad weather and the award locations were moved; ^[36] snow in 1996 saw it replaced by the 1,709 m (5,607 ft)-high Pyreenan Col d'Aubisque, ^{[37] [38] [39]} and landslides in 2015 moved the award to 2,250 m (7,382 ft)-high Alpine Col d'Allos. ^[40]

The amount of cash given as a prize for the award was higher in the early Tours. ^[19] Cash prizes have also been given to the second and third placed riders. Since 2003, the winner has received a €5000 prize. ^[19] Only in the 1963 Tour has the award not been given, although at the conclusion of that race there was a special "Desgrange prize" given to the general classification winner Jacques Anquetil who was adjudged to have had the best "head and legs" throughout the Tour. ^{[19] [41]} The Souvenir Jacques Goddet, honouring the second Tour director Jacques Goddet, is a similar award in the race given since the 2001 Tour mostly atop the Tourmalet. ^{[42] [43]}

Locations and winners

Key

*	Col du Galibier was passed but not used for the award
^	Highest point of elevation reached on that year's Tour
‡	Winner of the award also won the overall general classification
†	Winner of the award also won the stage finish
Winner(#)	Multiple award winner and number of times they had won the award at that point

List of Souvenir Henri Desgrange locations and winners ^{[lower-alpha 1] [35]}

Year	Stage	Location	Elevation	Winner	Nationality	Team	Cash prize	Ref
1947	11	Beauvallon, Grimaud *	1.5 m (5 ft)	Raymond Impanis	Belgium	Belgium	F 35,000	[6] [44] [45]
1948	1	Côte de Picardie *	178 m (584 ft)	Roger Lambrecht	Belgium	Internationals	F 30,000	[8] [9] [10]
1949	15	Beauvallon, Grimaud	1.5 m (5 ft)	Paul Giguet	France	South-East	F 60,000	[44] [11]
1950	19	Col du Lautaret	2,058 m (6,752 ft)	Apo Lazaridès	France	France	F 75,000	[13]
1951	21	Col du Lautaret	2,058 m (6,752 ft)	Gino Sciardis	France	Île-de-France/North-West	F 30,000	[14]
1952	11	Col du Galibier	2,556 m (8,386 ft)^	Fausto Coppi ‡†	Italy	Italy	F 40,000	[46] [47]
1953	16	Beauvallon, Grimaud	1.5 m (5 ft)	Claude Colette	France	South-West	F 100,000	[44] [48]
1954	19	Col du Galibier	2,556 m (8,386 ft)^	Federico Bahamontes	Spain	Spain	F 100,000	[49]
1955	10	Beauvallon, Grimaud *	1.5 m (5 ft)	André Darrigade	France	France	F 100,000	[44] [50] [51]
1956	2	Cysoing [lower-alpha 2]	unknown	Pierre Pardoën	France	North-East/Centre	F 100,000	[27] [52]
1957	12	Beauvallon, Grimaud *	1.5 m (5 ft)	Jean Stablinski †	France	France	F 100,000	[44] [53] [54]
1958	21	Col du Lautaret	2,058 m (6,752 ft)	Piet van Est	Netherlands	Netherlands/Luxembourg	F 100,000	[55]
1959	18	Col du Galibier	2,556 m (8,386 ft)	Charly Gaul	Luxembourg	Netherlands/Luxembourg	F 100,000	[56]
1960	17	Col du Lautaret	2,058 m (6,752 ft)	Jean Graczyk †	France	France	F 200,000	[57] [58]
1961	6	Ballon d'Alsace	1,178 m (3,865 ft)	Jef Planckaert †	Belgium	Belgium	F 2,000	[59] [60]
1962	19	Col du Lautaret	2,058 m (6,752 ft)	Juan Campillo	Spain	Margnat–Paloma–D'Alessandro	F 2,000	[61]
1963	Not awarded [lower-alpha 3]
1964	10a	Beauvallon, Grimaud *	1.5 m (5 ft)	André Darrigade (2)	France	Margnat–Paloma–Dunlop	F 2,000	[44] [62]
1965	17	Col du Lautaret	2,058 m (6,752 ft)	Francisco Gabica	Spain	Kas–Kaskol	F 2,000	[63] [64]
1966	16	Col du Galibier	2,556 m (8,386 ft)^	Julio Jiménez †	Spain	Ford France–Hutchinson	F 2,000	[65]
1967	10	Col du Galibier	2,556 m (8,386 ft)^	Julio Jiménez (2)	Spain	Spain	F 2,000	[66] [67]
1968	19	Col des Aravis	1,498 m (4,915 ft)	Barry Hoban †	Great Britain	Great Britain	F 2,000	[68]
1969	10	Col du Galibier	2,556 m (8,386 ft)^	Eddy Merckx ‡	Belgium	Faema	F 2,000	[69]
1970	19	Col du Soulor	1,474 m (4,836 ft)	Raymond Delisle	France	Peugeot–BP–Michelin	F 2,000	[70]
1971	19	Côte de Dourdan	160 m (525 ft)	Wilmo Francioni	Italy	Ferretti	F 2,000	[71] [72]
1972	14a	Col du Galibier	2,556 m (8,386 ft)^	Joop Zoetemelk	Netherlands	Beaulieu–Flandria	F 2,000	[73]
1973	8	Col du Galibier	2,556 m (8,386 ft)^	Luis Ocaña ‡†	Spain	Bic	F 2,000	[74]
1974	11	Col du Galibier	2,556 m (8,386 ft)^	Vicente López Carril †	Spain	Kas–Kaskol	F 2,500	[75]
1975	17	Col du Télégraphe	1,566 m (5,138 ft)	Luis Balague	Spain	Super Ser	F 2,500	[76] [77]
1976	10	Col du Lautaret	2,058 m (6,752 ft)	Luciano Conati	Italy	Scic–Fiat	F 2,000	[78] [79]
1977	2	Col du Tourmalet	2,115 m (6,939 ft)^	Lucien Van Impe	Belgium	Lejeune–BP	ƒ 1,400	[80]
1978	11	Sainte-Marie de Campan	857 m (2,812 ft)	Christian Seznec	France	Miko–Mercier–Vivagel	ƒ 2,000	[28] [81]
1979	17	Col du Galibier	2,642 m (8,668 ft)^	Lucien Van Impe (2)	Belgium	Kas–Campagnolo	unknown	[82]
1980	17	Col du Galibier	2,642 m (8,668 ft)^	Johan De Muynck	Belgium	Splendor–Admiral	F 10,000	[83]
1981	7	Landes forest [lower-alpha 4]	unknown	Theo de Rooij	Netherlands	Capri Sonne–Koga Miyata	F 5,000	[33] [34] [84]
1982	12	Col d'Aubisque	1,709 m (5,607 ft)	Beat Breu	Switzerland	Cilo–Aufina	F 5,000	[85] [86]
1983	10	Col du Tourmalet	2,115 m (6,939 ft)^	José Patrocinio Jiménez	Colombia	Varta–Colombia	F 8,500	[87] [88]
1984	18	Col du Galibier	2,642 m (8,668 ft)^	Francisco Rodríguez Maldonado	Colombia	Splendor–Mondial Moquettes–Marc	ƒ 2,500	[89]
1985	17	Col du Tourmalet	2,115 m (6,939 ft)^	Pello Ruiz Cabestany	Spain	Seat–Orbea	F 10,000	[90]
1986	18	Col du Galibier	2,642 m (8,668 ft)^	Luis Herrera	Colombia	Café de Colombia–Varta	F 12,000	[91]
1987	21	Col du Galibier	2,642 m (8,668 ft)^	Pedro Muñoz	Spain	Fagor–MBK	ƒ 7,000	[92] [93]
1988	15	Col du Tourmalet	2,115 m (6,939 ft)^	Laudelino Cubino †	Spain	BH	unknown	[94] [95]
1989	17	Col du Galibier	2,642 m (8,668 ft)^	Gert-Jan Theunisse †	Netherlands	PDM–Ultima–Concorde	unknown	[96]
1990	16	Col du Tourmalet	2,115 m (6,939 ft)^	Miguel Ángel Martínez Torres	Spain	ONCE	unknown	[97] [98]
1991	13	Col du Tourmalet	2,115 m (6,939 ft)^	Claudio Chiappucci †	Italy	Carrera Jeans–Tassoni	F 30,000	[99] [100]
1992	14	Col du Galibier	2,642 m (8,668 ft)	Franco Chioccioli	Italy	GB–MG Maglificio	ƒ 7,000	[101] [102]
1993	10	Col du Galibier	2,642 m (8,668 ft)	Tony Rominger †	Switzerland	CLAS–Cajastur	unknown	[103] [104]
1994	12	Col du Tourmalet	2,115 m (6,939 ft)	Richard Virenque †	France	Festina–Lotus	F 30,000	[105] [106]
1995	15	Col du Tourmalet	2,115 m (6,939 ft)^	Richard Virenque †(2)	France	Festina–Lotus	unknown	[107] [108]
1996	17	Col d'Aubisque [lower-alpha 5]	1,709 m (5,607 ft)	Neil Stephens	Australia	ONCE	F 20,000	[38]
1997	10	Port d'Envalira	2,407 m (7,897 ft)^	Richard Virenque (3)	France	Festina–Lotus	unknown	[109] [110]
1998	15	Col du Galibier	2,642 m (8,668 ft)^	Marco Pantani ‡†	Italy	Mercatone Uno–Bianchi	unknown	[111]
1999	9	Col du Galibier	2,642 m (8,668 ft)^	José Luis Arrieta	Spain	Banesto	F 20,000	[112] [113]
2000	15	Col du Galibier	2,642 m (8,668 ft)^	Pascal Hervé	France	Banesto	F 20,000	[114] [115]
2001	10	Col de la Madeleine	2,000 m (6,562 ft)	Laurent Roux	France	Jean Delatour	F 20,000	[116] [117]
2002	16	Col du Galibier	2,642 m (8,668 ft)^	Santiago Botero	Colombia	Kelme–Costa Blanca	€3,000	[118]
2003	8	Col du Galibier	2,642 m (8,668 ft)^	Stefano Garzelli	Italy	Vini Caldirola–So.di	€5,000	[119] [120]
2004	17	Col de la Madeleine	2,000 m (6,562 ft)^	Gilberto Simoni	Italy	Saeco	€5,000	[121] [122]
2005	11	Col du Galibier	2,642 m (8,668 ft)^	Alexander Vinokourov †	Kazakhstan	T-Mobile Team	€5,000	[123] [124]
2006	16	Col du Galibier	2,642 m (8,668 ft)^	Michael Rasmussen †	Denmark	Rabobank	€5,000	[125] [126]
2007	9	Col du Galibier	2,642 m (8,668 ft)	Mauricio Soler †	Colombia	Barloworld	€5,000	[127] [128]
2008	17	Col du Galibier	2,642 m (8,668 ft)	Stefan Schumacher [lower-alpha 6]	Germany	Gerolsteiner	€5,000	[130] [131]
2009	16	Col du Grand-Saint-Bernard	2,470 m (8,104 ft)^	Franco Pellizotti [lower-alpha 7]	Italy	Liquigas	€5,000	[133] [134]
2010	17	Col du Tourmalet	2,115 m (6,939 ft)^	Andy Schleck ‡ [lower-alpha 8] †	Luxembourg	Team Saxo Bank	€5,000	[136] [137]
2011	18	Col du Galibier	2,642 m (8,668 ft)	Andy Schleck †(2)	Luxembourg	Leopard Trek	€5,000	[25] [138]
2012	11	Col de la Croix de Fer	2,067 m (6,781 ft)	Fredrik Kessiakoff	Sweden	Astana	€5,000	[139] [140]
2013	8	Port de Pailhères	2,001 m (6,565 ft)^	Nairo Quintana	Colombia	Movistar Team	€5,000	[141] [142]
2014	14	Col d'Izoard	2,360 m (7,743 ft)^	Joaquim Rodríguez	Spain	Team Katusha	€5,000	[143] [144]
2015	20	Col d'Allos [lower-alpha 9]	2,250 m (7,382 ft)^	Simon Geschke	Germany	Team Giant–Alpecin	€5,000	[145] [147]
2016	10	Port d'Envalira	2,407 m (7,897 ft)^	Rui Costa	Portugal	Lampre–Merida	€5,000	[148] [149]
2017	17	Col du Galibier	2,642 m (8,668 ft)^	Primož Roglič †	Slovenia	LottoNL–Jumbo	€5,000	[150] [151]
2018	17	Col de Portet	2,215 m (7,267 ft)^	Nairo Quintana †(2)	Colombia	Movistar Team	€5,000	[152] [153]
2019	19	Col de l'Iseran *	2,770 m (9,088 ft)^	Egan Bernal ‡ [lower-alpha 10]	Colombia	Team Ineos	€5,000	[154] [155]
2020	17	Col de la Loze	2,304 m (7,559 ft)^	Miguel Ángel López †	Colombia	Astana	€5,000	[156]
2021	15	Port d'Envalira	2,407 m (7,897 ft)^	Nairo Quintana (3)	Colombia	Arkéa–Samsic	€5,000	[157] [158]
2022	11	Col du Galibier	2,642 m (8,668 ft)^	Warren Barguil	France	Arkéa–Samsic	€5,000	[159]
2023	17	Col de la Loze	2,304 m (7,559 ft)^	Felix Gall	Austria	AG2R Citroën Team	€5,000	[160]
2024	4	Col du Galibier	2,628 m (8,622 ft)	Tadej Pogačar †	Slovenia	UAE Team Emirates	€5,000	[161]

Multiple winners

The following riders have won the Souvenir Henri Desgrange on 2 or more occasions.

Multiple winners of the Souvenir Henri Desgrange

Cyclist	Total	Years
Richard Virenque  (FRA)	3	1994, 1995, 1997
Nairo Quintana  (COL)	3	2013, 2018, 2021
André Darrigade  (FRA)	2	1955, 1964
Julio Jiménez  (ESP)	2	1966, 1967
Lucien Van Impe  (BEL)	2	1977, 1979
Andy Schleck  (LUX)	2	2010, 2011

Winners by nationality

Riders from seventeen different countries have won the Souvenir Henri Desgrange.

Souvenir Henri Desgrange winners by nationality

Country	No. of wins	No. of winning cyclists
France	17	14
Spain	14	13
Colombia	10	8
Italy [lower-alpha 7]	8	8
Belgium	7	6
Netherlands	4	4
Luxembourg	3	2
Slovenia	2	2
Australia	1	1
Denmark	1	1
Germany [lower-alpha 6]	1	1
Great Britain	1	1
Kazakhstan	1	1
Portugal	1	1
Sweden	1	1
Switzerland	1	1
Austria	1	1

Most time Souvenir

Location to be most times Souvenir Henri Desgrange

Col	Total	Last
Col du Galibier	30	Tadej Pogačar in 2024
Col du Tourmalet	9	Andy Schleck in 2010
Col du Lautaret	7	Luciano Conati in 1976
Beauvallon, Grimaud	6	André Darrigade in 1964
Port d'Envalira	3	Nairo Quintana in 2021
Col d'Aubisque	2	Neil Stephens in 1996
Col de la Madeleine	2	Gilberto Simoni in 2004
Col de la Loze	2	Felix Gall in 2023
16 locations	1	Iseran (Egan Bernal, 2019)

See also

• Sports portal
• France portal

• Cima Coppi  – a similar award given in Italy's Grand Tour, the Giro d'Italia.

Notes

1. The award marking point location's of climbs were taken at the summit.
2. The award marking point at Cysoing, 13 km (8 mi) from the finish in Lille, marked 200,000 km (124,274 mi) travelled in Tour de France history. ^[27]
3. At the conclusion of the 1963 Tour de France, there was a special Desgrange prize given to the cyclist who rode the best "head and legs". Jacques Anquetil won this prize. ^[41]
4. The 1981 Tour de France award on stage 1a was cancelled following the theft of the marking point banner in Nice. ^[32] The location was moved to 185 km (115 mi) into the 227 km (141 mi)-long stage 7. ^[33]
5. In the 1996 Tour de France, the Col du Galibier and the highest climb of the race, the Col de l'Iseran, were both cancelled because of bad weather. ^[37]
6. Schumacher's Tour de France results, including his two stage victories in 2008, were annulled by ASO. ^[129]
7. In March 2011, all of Italian Franco Pellizotti's results since 7 May 2009 were disqualified after the Court of Arbitration for Sport found his biological passport indicated irregular values. ^[132]
8. The 2010 Tour de France was initially won by Alberto Contador, who was later revealed to have failed a doping test. The Court of Arbitration for Sport decided on 6 February 2012 that Contador lost his results from 2010, declaring Andy Schleck the new winner. ^[135]
9. The summit of the Col du Galibier was planned to be used as the marking point for the award on the 2015 Tour de France. ^[145] but landslides prior to the race forced its cancellation. ^[40] It would have also been the highest point of the race, and the second highest, the Col d'Allos, ^[146] was used in replacement. ^[40]
10. Stage 19 of the 2019 Tour de France was stopped atop the Col de l'Iseran after hailstorms and mudslides made the road impracticable near Val-d'Isère, before the planned final climb and finish at Tignes. The stage victory was not awarded. ^[154]

References

1. "What is the Souvenir Henri Desgrange and Souvenir Jacques-Goddet in the Tour de France?". Cyclingnews.com . 30 June 2024. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
2. Clemitson 2017, p. 170.
3. Friebe & Goding 2017, p. 191.
4. Thompson 2008, p. 78.
5. McGann & McGann 2008, p. 151.
6. "Fachleitner schudde allen van zijn wiel" [Fachleitner shook everyone's wheel]. De Volkskrant (in Dutch). 9 July 1947. p. 2 – via Delpher.
7. Seray & Lablaine 2006, p. 84.
8. "35ème Tour de France 1948 - 1ère étape" [35th Tour de France 1948 – 1st stage]. Mémoire du cyclisme (in French). Archived from the original on 2 December 2019. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
9. "Tour de France begonnen" [Tour de France begins]. Het Parool (in Dutch). 30 June 1948. p. 3 – via Delpher.
10. "Versailles: les statues de La Fayette et Pershing inaugurées" [Versailles: La Fayette and Pershing statues inaugurated]. Le Parisien (in French). 5 October 2017. Archived from the original on 2 December 2019. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
11. "Apo Lazaridès verovert 12 minuten op Bartali en Coppi" [Apo Lazaridès conquers 12 minutes on Bartali and Coppi]. De Volkskrant (in Dutch). 18 July 1949. p. 3 – via Delpher.
12. Augendre 2019, p. 184.
13. "Bobet diep ontgoocheld na grootse vlucht" [Bobet deeply disappointed after a great flight]. De Telegraaf (in Dutch). 4 August 1950. p. 5 – via Delpher.
14. "Bernardo Ruiz nuevo Aníbal, asciende victoriosamente los Alpes y gana destacado la etapa Bríaçon-Aix-les-Bains" [Bernardo Ruiz new Aníbal, ascends victoriously the Alps and wins the Bríaçon-Aix-les-Bains stage](PDF). El Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). 27 July 1951. p. 1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 December 2019.
15. Friebe & Goding 2017, p. 193.
16. Friebe & Goding 2017, pp. 191–192.
17. "Le Galibier: The Sacred Monster". VeloNews . 13 July 2005. Archived from the original on 8 October 2019. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
18. Clemitson 2015, p. 52.
19. van den Akker, Pieter. "Souvenir Henri Desgrange". TourDeFranceStatistieken.nl. Archived from the original on 2 March 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
20. Lowe, Felix (24 July 2019). "Re-Cycle: When Eddy Merckx descended the Galibier for victory in Valloire in 1972". Eurosport . Archived from the original on 14 October 2019. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
21. Pastonesi, Marco (20 September 2012). "Sulle orme di Pantani: Il Giro scala il Galibier" [In the footsteps of Pantani: The Giro climbs the Galibier]. La Gazzetta dello Sport (in Italian). Archived from the original on 13 July 2019. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
22. Friebe & Goding 2017, p. 192.
23. Augendre 2019, p. 183.
24. Wilcockson, John (28 June 2011). "2011 Tour de France stage descriptions, analysis and maps". VeloNews . Archived from the original on 2 December 2019. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
25. Edward, Pickering (14 July 2011). "Stage 18 analysis: Andy Schleck lands a heavy blow". Cycling Weekly . Archived from the original on 18 October 2016. Retrieved 15 October 2016.
26. Pickering, Edward (21 July 2011). "Iconic Places: Col du Galibier". Cycling Weekly . Archived from the original on 2 December 2019. Retrieved 18 November 2019.
27. "Zwitserse ploeg verloor twee mantijdens 't matste deel van de strijd: Pardoen had een rijke buit" [Swiss team lost two men in the fattest part of the fight: Pardoen had a rich booty]. Leidse Courant (in Dutch). 7 July 1956. p. 7 – via Historische Kranten, Erfgoed Leiden en Omstreken.
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Bibliography

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• van den Akker, Pieter (2018). Tour de France Rules and Statistics: 1903–2018. Self-published. ISBN   978-1-79398-080-9.

External links

Media related to Monument Henri Desgrange at Wikimedia Commons