Spencer family

This article is about the British noble family. For other people with the surname, see Spencer (surname).

Spencer Spencer-Churchill
Noble family
Country	England, Wales
Founded	1469;555 years ago (1469)
Founder	Sir John Spencer
Current head	James Spencer-Churchill, 12th Duke of Marlborough
Seat	Blenheim Palace
Titles	Princess of Wales Duke of Marlborough Earl of Sunderland Earl Spencer Viscount Churchill Viscount Althorp Baron Spencer of Wormleighton Baronet of Yarnton Baronet of Offley Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
Members	Sir Winston Churchill Diana, Princess of Wales
Connected families	British royal family Churchill family Cavendish family
Motto	Dieu défend le droit (French for 'God defends the right')
Estate(s)	Blenheim Palace Althorp Spencer House Wormleighton Manor
Cadet branches	Spencers of Althorp

The funeral honours of Sir John Spencer(1546–1599). Displayed are both the Despencer arms, adopted after c. 1595 and the blue and white arms granted in 1504.

The Spencer family is an aristocratic British family. From the 16th century, its members have held numerous titles, including the dukedom of Marlborough, the earldoms of Sunderland and Spencer, and the Churchill barony. Two prominent members of the family during the 20th century were Sir Winston Churchill and Diana, Princess of Wales.

History

Descent and claims

Seal of Henry Le Despenser

The House was founded in the 15th century by Henry Spencer (died c. 1478), from whom all members descend. In the 16th century, the claim arose that the Spencers were a cadet branch of the ancient House Le Despencer, though this theory has since been debunked, in particular by J. Horace Round in his essay The Rise of the Spencers. The Spencers were first granted a coat of arms in 1504, "Azure a fess Ermine between 6 sea-mews' heads erased Argent," but this bears no resemblance to the arms used by the family after c. 1595, which were derived from the Despencer arms, "Quarterly Argent and Gules in the second and third quarters a Fret Or overall on a Bend Sable three Escallops of the first" (the scallops standing for the difference as a cadet branch). Round argued that the Despencer descent was fabricated by Richard Lee, a corrupt Clarencieux King of Arms. ^[1] Citing Round, The Complete Peerage dismissed the alleged Despencer descent as an "elaborate imposture" which "is now incapable of deceiving the most credulous." ^{[2] [3] [4]}

Rise to wealth

A close relative of Henry Spencer (died c. 1478) was John Spencer, who in 1469 had become feoffee (trustee) of Wormleighton Manor in Warwickshire and a tenant at Althorp in Northamptonshire in 1486. His nephew, Sir John Spencer (died 1522), first made a living by trading in livestock and other commodities and eventually saved enough money to purchase both the Wormleighton and Althorp lands. Wormleighton was bought in 1506, the manor house was completed in 1512. In 1508, Spencer also purchased the estate of Althorp with its moated house and several hundred acres of farmland. ^[5] He had grazed sheep here from the 1480s. Impressed by the quality of the land, he eventually bought it and rebuilt the house in 1508. ^[6] At that time, his estate and mansion in Warwickshire were considerably larger, and the house in Wormleighton was four times the size of Althorp. ^[6] In 1511, he made further purchases to acquire the villages of Little Brington and Great Brington as well their parish church of St Mary the Virgin, from Thomas Grey, 2nd Marquess of Dorset. ^[5] By putting down roots at Althorp, Spencer provided what was to become a home for the next 19 generations. ^[6] In 1519, he was knighted by King Henry VIII, died three years later and was buried in the new family chapel at Great Brington. ^[5]

The Spencers rose to opulent prominence during the 16th century. Sir John Spencer's grandson Sir John Spencer (d. 1586) was a Knight of the Shire for Northamptonshire. The Spencers' administration of their Northamptonshire and Warwickshire estates was admired and often emulated by gentlemen all over England. Sheep from their pastures were purchased for breeding and it is probable that the family's success as farmers was rarely equalled in the century. ^[7]

In the late 16th century, the latter Sir John Spencer's grandson Sir Robert Spencer (1570–1627) represented Brackley in Parliament. In 1601, he was made a Knight of the Garter, and created Baron Spencer, of Wormleighton, in the Peerage of England in 1603. During the reign of King James I he was reputed to be the richest man in England. The humble origins of the Spencers as sheep farmers once caused a heated exchange of words between wealthy yet then upstart Spencers with the more established Howards whose FitzAlan ancestors had been the Earls of Arundel since the 13th century. During a debate in the House of Peers, Lord Spencer was speaking about something that their great ancestors had done when suddenly the Earl of Arundel cut him off and said "My Lord, when these things you speak of were doing, your ancestors were keeping sheep". Lord Spencer then instantly replied, "When my ancestors as you say were keeping sheep, your ancestors were plotting treason." ^[8]

Robert Spencer, 1st Baron Spencer, was succeeded in his peerage and estates by his eldest surviving son, William. He had previously represented Northamptonshire in Parliament. Two of his sons received additional peerages: His eldest son, Henry (1620–1643), succeeded as 3rd Baron Spencer in 1636 and was created Earl of Sunderland in the Peerage of England in 1643. The younger son, Robert (1629–1694), sat in the House of Commons from 1660 to 1679 and was created Viscount Teviot in the Peerage of Scotland in 1685.

The senior branch of the Spencers (later known as the Spencer-Churchill family) is currently represented by Jamie Spencer-Churchill, 12th Duke of Marlborough, direct descendant via the eldest male-line of Sir John Spencer, who was knighted by King Henry VIII in 1519 while the cadet branch of the family, the Spencers of Althorp, who descend via the male-line from the younger son of the 3rd Earl Sunderland, is represented by Charles Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer.

Spencer, later Spencer-Churchill

Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland, was Lord President of the Council from 1685 to 1688 and a Knight of the Garter. His son Charles, 3rd Earl of Sunderland, was Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, Lord Privy Seal, Secretary of State for both the Northern and Southern Departments, Lord President of the Council, First Lord of the Treasury and a Knight of the Garter. His second wife was Lady Anne Churchill, the second daughter of the distinguished soldier John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough. After Churchill's death in 1722, the Marlborough titles first passed to his eldest daughter Henrietta (1681–1733), then to Anne's second son, Charles. After the death of his elder brother, Robert, in 1729, Charles Spencer had already inherited the titles of 4th Earl of Sunderland and Baron Spencer of Wormleighton as well as the Spencer family estates. In 1733, he succeeded to the Churchill family estates and titles and became the 3rd Duke of Marlborough as well as a Knight of the Garter, while the Spencer estates in Bedfordshire, Northamptonshire (including Althorp) and Warwickshire passed to his younger brother John (1708–1746).

In 1815, Francis Spencer, the younger son of George Spencer, 4th Duke of Marlborough, was created Baron Churchill, of Wychwood in the County of Oxford, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. In 1902, his grandson, the 3rd Baron, was created Viscount Churchill, of Rolleston in the County of Leicester, also in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.

In 1817, George Spencer, 5th Duke of Marlborough, obtained permission to assume and bear the additional surname of Churchill in addition to his own surname of Spencer, in order to perpetuate the name of his illustrious great-great-grandfather. At the same time he received Royal Licence to quarter his paternal arms of Spencer with the coat of arms of Churchill. ^[9] The modern Dukes of Marlborough thus originally bore the surname "Spencer". The double-barrelled surname of "Spencer-Churchill" as used since 1817 has remained in the family to this day, though some members have preferred to style themselves merely "Churchill". The 7th Duke of Marlborough was the paternal grandfather of Sir Winston Churchill (1874–1965), the British prime minister. The latter's widow, Clementine (1885–1977), was created a life peeress in her own right as Baroness Spencer-Churchill in 1965.

The family seat of the Dukes of Marlborough is Blenheim Palace in Woodstock, Oxfordshire. Most Spencer-Churchills are interred in the churchyard of St Martin's Church, Bladon, a short distance from the palace; only the Dukes and Duchesses are buried in the Blenheim Palace chapel.

Spencer, of Althorp House

John Spencer, 1st Earl Spencer, by Thomas Gainsborough

In 1761, John Spencer (1734–1783), a grandson of the 3rd Earl of Sunderland, was created Baron Spencer of Althorp and Viscount Spencer in the Peerage of Great Britain by King George III. In 1765, he was further created Viscount Althorp and Earl Spencer, also in the Peerage of Great Britain. In 1755, he had privately married Margaret Poyntz (1737–1814) in his mother's dressing room at Althorp. They had five children, including the 2nd Earl Spencer, who later became Home Secretary from 1806 to 1807 and a Knight of the Garter. His older son, the 3rd Earl Spencer was Chancellor of the Exchequer under Lord Grey and Lord Melbourne from 1830 to 1834. The 2nd Earl's youngest son George (1799–1864) converted from Anglicanism to the Roman Catholic Church, became a priest and took the name of Father Ignatius of St Paul. He worked as a missionary and is a candidate for beatification. His older brother, who eventually became the 4th Earl Spencer, was a naval commander, courtier and Whig politician. He initially served in the Royal Navy and fought in the Napoleonic Wars and the Greek War of Independence, eventually rising to the rank of Vice-Admiral, and was made a Knight of the Garter in 1849. His son, the 5th Earl Spencer, who was known as the "Red Earl" because of his distinctive long red beard, was a close friend of prime minister William Ewart Gladstone. He served twice as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and was made a Knight of the Garter in 1864. He was succeeded in 1910 by his half-brother, the 6th Earl Spencer, who had been made Viscount Althorp, of Great Brington in the County of Northamptonshire, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, in 1905 and served as Lord Chamberlain from 1905 to 1912. He became a Knight of the Garter in 1913, and was succeeded in the earldom and estates by his son, the 7th Earl Spencer, in 1922. His son, the 8th Earl Spencer, succeeded to the earldom and estates in 1975. He married Frances Ruth Roche in 1954 and had a daughter, Diana, who married Prince Charles in 1981.

The family seat of the Earl Spencer is Althorp in Northamptonshire, their traditional burial place is the parish church of St Mary the Virgin Church, Great Brington. The family estate includes significant land holdings in other parts of the country, including the village of North Creake in Norfolk.

Members of the family

The Duke of Marlborough's genealogy. With no surviving male heir, Henrietta became the 2nd Duchess of Marlborough. On her death in 1733, Anne's son Charles became the 3rd Duke of Marlborough.

Spencer Knights

• Sir John Spencer, Kt. of Snitterfield & Wormleighton (1447–1522) married Isabel, daughter of Sir Walter Graunt, of Snitterfield
• Sir William Spencer, Kt. of Wormleighton & Althorp (1483–1532) married Susan, daughter of Sir Richard Knightley, of Fawsley, Northants
• Sir John Spencer, Kt. of Wormleighton & Althorp (1524–1586) married Katherine, daughter of Sir Thomas Kitson, of Hengrove, Suffolk ^[10]
• Sir John Spencer, Kt. (1546–1600) married Mary, daughter of Sir Robert Catlyn, of Berne, Dorset
• Sir Robert Spencer (1570–1627), was made 1st Baron Spencer

Spencer Baronets

Main article: Spencer Baronets

This now extinct line descended from two younger sons of Sir John Spencer (1524–1586) and his wife Katherine Kitson:

• Their third son William was a landowner in Yarnton, Oxfordshire; his son Thomas was created Baronet of Yarnton in 1611.
• Their fourth son Richard was the ambassador of James I to the Dutch Republic; his son, John, was a landowner in Great Offley, Hertfordshire and was created Baronet of Offley in 1627.

Barons Spencer

• Robert Spencer, 1st Baron Spencer (1570–1627), married Margaret, daughter of Sir Francis Willoughby (1547–1596), Kt.
• William Spencer, 2nd Baron Spencer (1591–1636), married Penelope, daughter of Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton
• Henry Spencer, 3rd Baron Spencer (1620–1643), royalist in the English Civil War, was made 1st Earl of Sunderland

Earls of Sunderland

Main article: Earl of Sunderland

• Henry Spencer, 1st Earl of Sunderland (1620–1643), royalist in the English Civil War
• Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland (1640–1702), politician
• Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl of Sunderland (1675–1722), politician

• 

  Hon, John Spencer, (not to be confused with the 1st Earl Spencer), his only son, and their servant Caesar Shaw.

  Robert Spencer, 4th Earl of Sunderland (1701–1729)
• Charles Spencer, 5th Earl of Sunderland (1706–1758), succeeded his maternal aunt as 3rd Duke of Marlborough

Dukes of Marlborough

Main article: Duke of Marlborough (title)

Simple arms of the Spencer Dukes of Marlborough before they changed their name to "Spencer-Churchill" and took the modern arms.

Spencer-Churchill Duke of Malborough coat of arms

Sir Winston Churchill (1874–1965), British prime minister, grandson of the 7th Duke of Marlborough

• Charles Spencer, 5th Earl of Sunderland, 3rd Duke of Marlborough (1706–1758), general and politician
• George Spencer, 4th Duke of Marlborough (1739–1817), politician
• George Spencer-Churchill, 5th Duke of Marlborough (1766–1840), elder son of the 4th Duke, changed his surname from "Spencer" to "Spencer-Churchill"
• George Spencer-Churchill, 6th Duke of Marlborough (1793–1857), eldest son of the 5th Duke
• John Winston Spencer-Churchill, 7th Duke of Marlborough (1822–1883), eldest son of the 6th Duke (and paternal grandfather of Sir Winston Churchill)
• George Charles Spencer-Churchill, 8th Duke of Marlborough (1844–1892), eldest son of the 7th Duke
• Charles Richard John Spencer-Churchill, 9th Duke of Marlborough (1871–1934), only son of the 8th Duke
• John Albert William Spencer-Churchill, 10th Duke of Marlborough (1897–1972), elder son of the 9th Duke
• John George Vanderbilt Henry Spencer-Churchill, 11th Duke of Marlborough (1926-2014), elder son of the 10th Duke
• Charles James Spencer-Churchill, 12th Duke of Marlborough (born 1955), eldest son of the 11th Duke

Barons and Viscounts Churchill

Main article: Viscount Churchill

This line of the family descends from Francis Spencer, younger son of the 4th Duke of Marlborough. In 1902, his grandson, the 3rd Baron, was created Viscount Churchill. Holders of these titles include

• Francis Almeric Spencer, 1st Baron Churchill (1779–1845)
• Victor Albert Francis Charles Spencer, 1st Viscount Churchill (1864–1934)

Earls Spencer

Main article: Earl Spencer (peerage)

Diana, Princess of Wales (1961–1997), British princess, daughter of the 8th Earl Spencer

• John Spencer, 1st Earl Spencer (1734–1783), a grandson of the 3rd Earl of Sunderland through his third and youngest son
• George John Spencer, 2nd Earl Spencer (1758–1834), politician and book collector
• John Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl Spencer (1782–1845), better known as Lord Althorp, politician
• Frederick Spencer, 4th Earl Spencer (1798–1857)
• John Poyntz Spencer, 5th Earl Spencer (1835–1910), politician
• Charles Robert Spencer, 6th Earl Spencer (1857–1922), great-grandfather of Diana, Princess of Wales
• Albert Edward John Spencer, 7th Earl Spencer (1892–1975), grandfather paternal of Diana, Princess of Wales
• (Edward) John Spencer, 8th Earl Spencer (1924–1992), father of Diana, Princess of Wales
• Charles Edward Maurice Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer (born 1964), younger brother of Diana, Princess of Wales

Notable marriages

• Jane Spencer, daughter of Sir John Spencer of Hodnell, married Sir William Cope
• Jane Spencer, daughter of Sir William Spencer (1483–1558) of Wormleighton and Althorp, married Sir Richard Brydges, Kt.
• Alice Spencer (1559–1637), daughter of Sir John Spencer (1524–1586), married Ferdinando Stanley, 5th Earl of Derby. Their daughter Anne (1580–1647) was heiress presumptive to the English throne upon the death of Elizabeth I according to the will of Henry VIII and the Third Succession Act. As Lady Derby, Alice was a noted patron of the arts and to whom poet Edmund Spenser represented the character "Amaryllis" in his eclogue Colin Clouts Come Home Againe in 1595 and dedicated his poem The Teares of the Muses in 1591.

Georgiana as Cynthia (another name for the goddess Diana) from Spenser's Faerie Queene. Painting by Maria Cosway circa 1782, Bakewell, Chatsworth House.

• Lady Georgiana Spencer (1757–1806), daughter of the 1st Earl Spencer, married William Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire
• Diana Russell, Duchess of Bedford (born Lady Diana Spencer), daughter of the 3rd Earl of Sunderland, married in 1731 John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford
• Diana, Princess of Wales (born The Hon. Diana Spencer), daughter of the 8th Earl Spencer, married in 1981 Charles, Prince of Wales (later King Charles III), and had issue. They separated in 1992 and divorced in 1996.
• Clarissa Spencer-Churchill, daughter of Jack Spencer-Churchill (younger brother of Sir Winston Churchill), married Sir Anthony Eden, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
• Sir Winston Churchill (1874–1965), Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, grandson of the 7th Duke of Marlborough, married Clementine Hozier (1885–1977), later a life peeress in her own right as Baroness Spencer-Churchill.
• The 9th Duke of Marlborough married Consuelo Vanderbilt, member of the prominent American Vanderbilt family.
• The 11th Duke of Marlborough married in 1961 Athina Livanos, former wife of Aristotle Onassis. In 1972 he married Countess Rosita Douglas-Stjernorp, daughter of Swedish nobleman and diplomat Count Carl Douglas-Stjernorp. They were divorced in 2008. Her elder sister Elisabeth (b. 1940) is married to Prince Max, Duke in Bavaria, heir presumptive to the Headship of the Royal House of Bavaria. As an artist, she is known professionally as Rosita Marlborough.
• Mary Spencer-Churchill, daughter of Sir Winston Churchill, married Christopher Soames, Baron Soames, and was made a Lady of the Garter in 2005.
• The 7th Earl Spencer, when heir to the earldom and styled Viscount Althorp, married in 1919 Lady Cynthia Hamilton, daughter of the 3rd Duke of Abercorn.
• The 8th Earl Spencer, when heir to the earldom and styled Viscount Althorp, married in 1954 the Hon. Frances Ruth Roche, daughter of the 4th Baron Fermoy.
• The 9th Earl Spencer, then Viscount Althorp, married Victoria Lockwood, a British fashion model, in 1989. They divorced in 1997. He married his third wife Karen Gordon, a Canadian philanthropist, in 2011.

Other notable members

• Lady Diana Beauclerk (née Spencer) (1734–1808), eldest child of the 3rd Duke of Marlborough, was artist and Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Charlotte from 1762 to 1768.
• Lord Charles Spencer (1740–1820), second son of the 3rd Duke of Marlborough, was Postmaster General of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1806 and Master of the Mint in 1806.
• William Robert Spencer (1769–1834), younger son of Lord Charles Spencer, became a poet and wit.
• Aubrey George Spencer (1795–1872), son of the poet William Robert Spencer, became the first Bishop of Newfoundland in 1839, later Bishop of Jamaica.
• George John Trevor Spencer (1799–1866), son of the poet William Robert Spencer, became Bishop of Madras in 1837.
• George Spencer (1799–1864), son of the 2nd Earl Spencer. ^[12] He was first an Anglican priest, converted to Catholicism to become a Roman Catholic priest as Father Ignatius, worked as a missionary and is now a candidate for beatification.
• General Sir Augustus Almeric Spencer, GCB (1807–1893), third son of Francis Almeric Spencer, 1st Baron Churchill (1779–1845).
• Lord Randolph Henry Spencer-Churchill, publicly known as Lord Randolph Churchill (1849–1895), son of the 7th Duke of Marlborough, Chancellor of the Exchequer and Leader of the House of Commons, father of Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill.
• The Reverend Canon Henry Spencer Stephenson, M.A. (1871-1957), Chaplain to King George VI and Queen Elizabeth II. ^[13]
• Randolph Frederick Edward Spencer-Churchill, publicly known as Randolph Churchill (1911–1968), son of Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill.
• Lady Rosemary Spencer-Churchill (born 1929), maid of honour to Elizabeth II at her coronation in 1953.
• Lady Kitty Spencer (born 1990), daughter of Charles Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer
• Louis Spencer, Viscount Althorp (born 1994), son of Charles Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer

Members of the Order of the Garter

Many members of the Spencer family have also been knights or dames of the Order of the Garter. The following is a list is of all Spencer members of this order, across all branches of the family, along with their year of investiture.

• 1601 – Robert Spencer, 1st Baron Spencer
• 1687 – Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland
• 1719 – Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl of Sunderland
• 1741 – Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough
• 1768 – George Spencer, 4th Duke of Marlborough
• 1799 – George Spencer, 2nd Earl Spencer
• 1849 – Frederick Spencer, 4th Earl Spencer
• 1865 – John Spencer, 5th Earl Spencer
• 1868 – John Spencer-Churchill, 7th Duke of Marlborough
• 1902 – Charles Spencer-Churchill, 9th Duke of Marlborough
• 1913 – Charles Spencer, 6th Earl Spencer
• 1953 – Sir Winston Churchill
• 2005 – Mary, Baroness Soames, née Spencer-Churchill

Coat of arms

Arms of the Le Despencer, Baron. Le Despencer, Earl of Winchester

Original coat of arms granted to Spencer in 1504

The (De)Spencer Arms

Arms of the Spencer

Family tree

Spencer family

Line of Althorp

Spencer of Spencercombe

Baronet of Yarnton

Baronet of Offley

Baron Spencer of Wormleighton

Earls of Sunderland

Dukes of Marlborough

Earls Spencer

Spencer-Churchill Dukes of Marlborough

Descent to Winston Churchill

Spencer Barons and Visconts Churchill

Spencer origins

Spencer origins family tree

Thomas Spencer 1366–?

Henry Spencer 1392–1476

Isabel Lincoln

John Spencer 1420–1486

Thomas Spencer

William Spencer

Nicholas Spencer

Elizabeth Empson

William Spencer ?–1498

Spencer of Hodnell

Sir John Spencer of Snitterfield

Sir John Spencer 1447–1522

Isabel Graunt

Jane Spencer

Stephen Cope

Thomas Spencer

Anthony Spencer

Jane Spencer

Richard Knightley

Sir William Spencer 1496–1532

Susan Knightley

Spencer of Badby (emigrated to America in XVII century)

Katherine Kitson

Sir John Spencer 1524–1586

altre 5 figlie

Anne, lady Mounteagle ?–1618

Elizabeth, lady Hunsdon 1552–1618

George Carey, II barone Hunsdon 1547–1603

Thomas Egerton 1540–1617

Alice Spencer 1559–1637

Ferdinando Stanley, 5th Earl of Derby 1559–1594

Sir John Spencer 1549–1600

Mary Catlin

Sir Richard Spencer 1559–1624

Helen Elinora Brocket

Sir William Spencer 1555–1609

Spencer of Offley (extinct in 1699)

Spencer of Yarnton (extinct in 1741)

Robert Spencer, I Baron Spencer of Wormleighton From here descends Spencer, Baron Spencer of Wormleighton, earl of Sunderland

Barons Spencer of Wormleighton and Earls of Sunderland

Spencer Barons of Wormleighton and Earls of Sunderland family tree

Robert Spencer, I Baron Spencer of Wormleighton 1570–1627

Margaret Willoughby 1560–1597

John Spencer 1590–1610 a Blois

Mary Spencer 1588–1592

Richard SpencerMember of Parliament 1593–1661

Edward SpencerMember of Parliament 1595–1656

William Spencer, II Baron Spencer of Wormleighton 1591–1636

Penelope Wriotheslay 1598–1667

Henry Howard m.1663

Elizabeth Spencer 1618–1672

Henry Moore, 1st Earl of Drogheda 1628–1675

Alice Spencer 1625–1675

William Spencer of Ashton 1625–1688

Elizabeth Gerard

Margaret Spencer 1627–1693

Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury 1621–1683

Robert Spencer, visconte Teviot 1629–1694

Jane Spencer of Yarnton 1657–1689

Henry Spencer, 1st Earl of Sunderland 1620–1643

Dorothy Sidney 1617–1684

George Savile, 1st Marquess of Halifax 1633–1695

Dorothy Spencer 1640–1670

Penelope Spencer 1644–1645

Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland 1641–1702

Anne Digby 1646–1715

Robert Spencer 1666–1688

Anne Spencer 1667–1690

James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton 1658–1712

Isabella Spencer 1668–1684

Elizabeth Spencer 1671–1704

Donough MacCarthy, IV Earl of Clancarty 1668–1734

Anne Churchill 1683–1716

Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl of Sunderland 1675–1722

Arabella Cavendish 1673–1698

Judith Tichborne 1702–1749

Frances Spencer 1696–1742

Henry Howard, 4th Earl of Carlisle 1694–1758

Robert Spencer, 4th Earl of Sunderland 1701–1729

Anne Spencer 1702–1769

William Bateman, I visconte Bateman 1695–1744

Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough 1706–1758

John Spencer 1708–1746

John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford 1710–1771

Diana Spencer 1710–1735

NN 1718–1718

NN 1719–1719

William Spencer 1720–1722

Spencer-Churchill Dukes of Marlborough

Earls Spencer

Dukes of Marlborough

Part of this section is transcluded from Duke of Marlborough (title). (edit | history)

v t e Spencer-Churchill family tree of the Dukes of Marlborough, Earls of Sunderland [14] and Earls Spencer

Baron Spencer of Wormleighton, 1603 Robert Spencer 1570–1627 1st Baron Spencer of Wormleighton John Spencer 1590–1610 William Spencer 1592–1636 2nd Baron Spencer of Wormleighton John Churchill 1600–1673 Earl of Sunderland (2nd creation), 1643 Henry Spencer 1620–1643 1st Earl of Sunderland, 3rd Baron Spencer of Wormleighton Winston Churchill 1620–1688 Lord Churchill of Eyemouth (Scotland), 1682 Baron Churchill of Sandridge, 1685 Earl of Marlborough (2nd creation), 1689 Duke of Marlborough and Marquess of Blandford, 1702 Robert Spencer 1640–1702 2nd Earl of Sunderland, 4th Baron Spencer of Wormleighton John Churchill 1650–1722 1st Duke of Marlborough, Marquess of Blandford, Earl of Marlborough, Lord Churchill of Eyemouth, and Baron Churchill of Sandridge King James VII and II 1633–1701 Arabella Churchill 1648–1730 Francis Godolphin 1678–1766 Earl of Godolphin Henrietta Churchill 1681–1733 2nd Duchess of Marlborough, Marchioness of Blandford, Countess of Marlborough, Lady Churchill of Eyemouth, and Baroness Churchill of Sandridge Charles Spencer 1675–1722 3rd Earl of Sunderland, 5th Baron Spencer of Wormleighton Anne Churchill 1683–1716 John Churchill 1686–1703 Styled Marquess of Blandford James FitzJames 1670–1734 Duke of Berwick [15] Henry FitzJames 1673–1702 Duke of Albemarle (Jacobite) Henry Waldegrave, Baron Waldegrave 1661–1689 Henrietta FitzJames 1667–1730 William Godolphin 1700–1731 Styled Marquess of Blandford Robert Spencer 1701–1729 4th Earl of Sunderland, 6th Baron Spencer of Wormleighton Charles Spencer 1706–1758 3rd Duke of Marlborough, Marquess of Blandford, Earl of Marlborough, Lord Churchill of Eyemouth, and Baron Churchill of Sandridge, 5th Earl of Sunderland, 7th Baron Spencer of Wormleighton John Spencer 1708–1746 Dukes of Berwick (Jacobite) Dukes of Albemarle (Jacobite) James Waldegrave, Earl Waldegrave 1684–1741 Viscount Spencer and Baron Spencer of Althorp, 1761 Earl Spencer, 1765 George Spencer 1739–1817 4th Duke of Marlborough, Marquess of Blandford, Earl of Marlborough, Lord Churchill of Eyemouth, and Baron Churchill of Sandridge, 6th Earl of Sunderland, 8th Baron Spencer of Wormleighton John Spencer 1734–1783 1st Earl Spencer, Viscount Spencer, and Baron Spencer of Althorp James Waldegrave, Earl Waldegrave 1715–1763 Baron Churchill of Wychwood, 1815 George Spencer-Churchill 1766–1840 5th Duke of Marlborough, Marquess of Blandford, Earl of Marlborough, Lord Churchill of Eyemouth, and Baron Churchill of Sandridge, 7th Earl of Sunderland, 9th Baron Spencer of Wormleighton Francis Almeric Spencer 1779–1845 1st Baron Churchill of Wychwood George Spencer 1758–1834 2nd Earl Spencer, Viscount Spencer, and Baron Spencer of Althorp Hugh Seymour 1759–1801 Anne Horatia Waldegrave 1762–1801 George Spencer-Churchill 1793–1857 6th Duke of Marlborough, Marquess of Blandford, Earl of Marlborough, Lord Churchill of Eyemouth, and Baron Churchill of Sandridge, 8th Earl of Sunderland, 10th Baron Spencer of Wormleighton Francis George Spencer 1802–1886 2nd Baron Churchill of Wychwood Augustus Spencer 1807–1893 John Spencer 1782–1845 3rd Earl Spencer, Viscount Spencer, Baron Spencer of Althorp Horace Beauchamp Seymour 1791–1851 John Winston Spencer-Churchill 1822–1883 7th Duke of Marlborough, Marquess of Blandford, Earl of Marlborough, Lord Churchill of Eyemouth, and Baron Churchill of Sandridge, 9th Earl of Sunderland, 11th Baron Spencer of Wormleighton Georgiana Poyntz 1799–1851 Frederick Spencer 1798–1857 4th Earl Spencer, Viscount Spencer, and Baron Spencer of Althorp Adelaide Horatia Seymour 1825–1877 Viscount Althorp, 1905 George Charles Spencer-Churchill 1844–1892 8th Duke of Marlborough, Marquess of Blandford, Earl of Marlborough, Lord Churchill of Eyemouth, and Baron Churchill of Sandridge, 10th Earl of Sunderland, 12th Baron Spencer of Wormleighton Randolph Henry Spencer-Churchill 1849–1895 Augustus Spencer 1851–1912 John Poyntz Spencer 1835–1910 5th Earl Spencer, Viscount Spencer, and Baron Spencer of Althorp Charles Robert Spencer 1857–1922 6th Earl Spencer, Viscount Spencer, and Baron Spencer of Althorp, 1st Viscount Althorp Viscount Churchill, 1902 Charles Richard John Spencer-Churchill 1871–1934 9th Duke of Marlborough, Marquess of Blandford, Earl of Marlborough, Lord Churchill of Eyemouth, and Baron Churchill of Sandridge, 11th Earl of Sunderland, 13th Baron Spencer of Wormleighton Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill 1874–1965 Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 1940–1945 and 1951–1955 Victor Albert Francis Charles Spencer 1864–1934 1st Viscount Churchill, 3rd Baron Churchill of Wychwood (Descendants of Winston Churchill) John Albert William Spencer-Churchill 1897–1972 10th Duke of Marlborough, Marquess of Blandford, Earl of Marlborough, Lord Churchill of Eyemouth, and Baron Churchill of Sandridge, 12th Earl of Sunderland, 14th Baron Spencer of Wormleighton Victor Alexander Spencer 1890–1973 2nd Viscount Churchill, 4th Baron Churchill of Wychwood Richard Spencer 1888–1956 Albert Spencer 1892–1975 7th Earl Spencer, Viscount Spencer, and Baron Spencer of Althorp, 2nd Viscount Althorp John George Vanderbilt Henry Spencer-Churchill 1926–2014 11th Duke of Marlborough, Marquess of Blandford, Earl of Marlborough, Lord Churchill of Eyemouth, and Baron Churchill of Sandridge, 13th Earl of Sunderland, 15th Baron Spencer of Wormleighton Victor George Spencer 1934–2017 3rd Viscount Churchill, 5th Baron Churchill of Wychwood Richard Spencer 1926–2020 6th Baron Churchill of Wychwood Edward John Spencer 1924–1992 8th Earl Spencer, Viscount Spencer, and Baron Spencer of Althorp, 3rd Viscount Althorp Viscountcy Churchill extinct, 2017 Charles James Spencer-Churchill b. 1955 12th Duke of Marlborough, Marquess of Blandford, Earl of Marlborough, Lord Churchill of Eyemouth, and Baron Churchill of Sandridge, 14th Earl of Sunderland, 16th Baron Spencer of Wormleighton Michael Spencer b. 1960 7th Baron Churchill of Wychwood David Anthony Spencer b. 1970 Heir Presumptive to Wychwood King Charles III b. 1948 Diana Frances Spencer 1961–1997 Charles Edward Maurice Spencer b. 1964 9th Earl Spencer, Viscount Spencer, and Baron Spencer of Althorp, 4th Viscount Althorp George John Godolphin Spencer-Churchill b. 1992 Styled Marquess of Blandford William, Prince of Wales b. 1982 Harry, Duke of Sussex b. 1984 Louis Frederick John Spencer b. 1994 Styled Viscount Althorp Lady Olympia Spencer-Churchill b. 2020

Part of this section is transcluded from Descendants of Winston Churchill. (edit | history)

Descendants of Winston Spencer-Churchill: family tree and Dukes of Marlborough

DUKES OF MARLBOROUGH

John Winston Spencer-Churchill, 7th Duke of Marlborough (1822–1883)

George Charles Spencer-Churchill, 8th Duke of Marlborough (1844–1892)

Lord Randolph (Spencer-) Churchill (1849–1895)

Charles Richard John Spencer-Churchill, 9th Duke of Marlborough (1871–1934)

Sir Winston (Spencer-) Churchill (1874–1965) P.M. 1940–45, 1951–55

John (Spencer-) Churchill (1880–1947)

John Albert William Spencer-Churchill, 10th Duke of Marlborough (1897–1972)

Diana (Spencer-) Churchill (1909–1963)

Randolph (Spencer-) Churchill (1911–1968)

Sarah (Spencer-) Churchill (1914–1982)

Marigold (Spencer-) Churchill (1918–1921)

Mary Soames, Baroness Soames (née Churchill) (1922–2014)

John George Vanderbilt Henry Spencer-Churchill, 11th Duke of Marlborough (1926–2014)

Winston (Spencer-) Churchill (1940–2010)

Arabella (Spencer-) Churchill (1949–2007)

Charles James Spencer-Churchill, 12th Duke of Marlborough (b. 1955)

Randolph Leonard (Spencer-) Churchill b.1965

Jennie (Spencer-) Churchill b.1966

Marina (Spencer-) Churchill b.1967

John Gerard Averell "Jack" (Spencer-) Churchill b. 1975

George John Godolphin Spencer-Churchill, Marquess of Blandford (b. 1992)

Earls Spencer

For the Earls Spencer from John Spencer to present see: Family Tree of the Earls Spencer.

Barons and Viscounts Churchill

Part of this section is transcluded from Baron Churchill (1815 creation). (edit | history)

Male-line family tree, Barons Churchill and Viscounts Churchill.

Francis Spencer 1st Baron Churchill 1779–1845 Francis Spencer 2nd Baron Churchill 1802–1886 Lt. Col. Hon. George Spencer 1804–1877 Gen. Hon. Sir Augustus Spencer 1807–1893 Viscount Churchill Victor Spencer 1st Viscount Churchill 3rd Baron Churchill 1864–1934 Lt. Col. John Spencer-Munro 1849–1916 Lt. Col. Augustus Spencer 1851–1912 Hon. Victor Spencer 1888–1888 Victor Spencer 2nd Viscount Churchill 4th Baron Churchill 1890–1973 Victor Spencer 3rd Viscount Churchill 5th Baron Churchill 1934–2017 Capt. Almeric Spencer-Munro 1885–1960 Col. Richard Spencer 1888–1956 Viscountcy extinct Richard Spencer 6th Baron Churchill 1926–2020 Michael Spencer 7th Baron Churchill born 1960 Hon. David Spencer born 1970 Thomas Ellison-Spencer born 2006

References

1. Round, pp. 292–309
2. The Complete Peerage, vol. 4, p. 259. See also the Nov. 1902 edition of The Ancestor Quarterly, which described the Spencers as "that pushful house of shepherd kings" with a "brand new and more than doubtful pedigree." Sounding a more gentle tone, Don Steel in the March 1996 edition of Soul Search noted sadly that the pedigree forgery "obscures the real achievement of the Spencers of Althorpe. Alone, perhaps among the English nobility, the Spencers owed their riches and their rise not to the favour of a king or to the spoils of monasteries, nor even to a fortune made in trade, but to successful farming."
3. Round, J. Horace (1901). "The Spencers and The Despencers". The Baronage. The Baronage Press Ltd and Pegasus Associates Ltd. Retrieved 1 January 2017. So it was Clarencieux King of Arms who foisted this pedigree on Sir John Spencer in 1595. The family had, by that time, largely increased its wealth, for Sir John's mother was a daughter of the well-known Sir Thomas Kytson, who had acquired a great fortune as a mercer in London. Lee, to whom Queen Elizabeth said that "if he proved no better" than his predecessor Cooke, Clarencieux, "yt made no matter yf hee were hanged," must have felt that it was Sir John's duty to "pay, pay, pay" for a new pedigree and coat. For a hungry King of Arms he was a marked man. Now we can understand how it was that the monument erected in or after 1596 displays the Despencer coat, while those already existing in the interesting Spencer chapel became bedecked, right and left, with the fruits of Lee's discovery. When the heralds next visited the county (1617-8), the new baronial pedigree was entered in all its splendour. The shepherd peer was now of the stock of "ye Earles of Winchester and Glocester." A year later he had soared higher; he was in direct male descent from "Ivon Viscount de Constantine," who had married, even before the Conquest, a sister of the "earl of Brittany." And now let me once more insist on the modus operandi of Clarencieux Lee, the original rascal and the "onlie begetter" of this precious pedigree. He took from the records Spencers and Despencers wherever he could lay hands on them, fitted them together in one pedigree at his own sweet will, rammed into his composition several distinct families, and then boldly certified the whole as gospel truth. It is needless, after this exposure, to pursue further. We are, once more, simply dealing with one of those lying concoctions hatched within the walls of the Heralds' College, certified by its Kings of Arms, and still "on record" among its archives. This, be it observed, is no case of a tradition rashly or credulously accepted. Clarencieux compiled the pedigree, as he said he had done, from records; but, with these records before him, he deliberately and fraudulently invented a descent which their evidence proves to be false. He knew, therefore, perfectly well that what he officially certified to be true was a lie of his own invention. Recorded by Vincent at the Visitation of 1617, accepted by Garter Segar, certified by Garter Heard: even in the present century, this impudent concoction is an instance of what we owe to the College of Arms. The pedigrees with which it is hardest to deal are those in which fact and fiction are cunningly intertwined. Here, for instance, it is perfectly true that John le Despencer married Joan, daughter (and heiress) of Robert le Lou (Lupus), who brought him the manor of Castle-Carlton, Lincolnshire. This we learn from the Lincolnshire Inquest taken after his death, which proves that Joan died without surviving issue, and that John held the manor, by the courtesy of England, until his death. John himself had inherited the manor of Martley, Worcestershire, which had been granted to his father by Henry III. The heralds must have seen the difficulty caused by its not descending to his alleged sons, but being, on the contrary, afterwards found in the hands of the Hugh Despencers. For they "doctored" the pedigree accordingly. But their real crime was providing John with a wholly fictitious second wife, in order to make him the father of men with whom he had nothing to do.
4. Round, J. Horace (1901). "The Spencer Family". The Baronage. The Baronage Press Ltd and Pegasus Associates Ltd. Retrieved 1 January 2017. In 1504, John Spencer, an innovative and entrepreneurial yeoman, considered himself sufficiently successful to justify petitioning for a grant of arms. He was awarded Azure a fess Ermine between 6 sea-mews' heads erased Argent and could thenceforward be accounted a gentleman. (He was subsequently knighted by Henry VIII. ) At this time English society was still restructuring itself after the turmoil of the Wars of the Roses, and the gentry and the peerage were being restocked with new families seeking gentility. If at this time, 1504, John Spencer had any thought that he might be descended from the great mediaeval family of the Despencers, if there had been any legend among his kinsmen that this could be so, if there had been any chance that the suggestion would be taken seriously by the heralds, then he must have asked for arms similar to those of the Despencers and a note of his request and of its grounds would have been made in the records. As it was, the arms he was awarded could hardly be more dissimilar from those of the Despencers (here on the right), and there is no note. The arms granted in 1504 were used at least as late as 1576, and probably remained so in use until 1595, the year Richard Lee, Clarenceux King of Arms, visited the Spencer seat at Althorpe and "discovered" the family's descent as cadets of the great Despencers. The consequences of this visit included a monument to the memory of his host's father being erected with the ancient Despencer arms (with the addition of three escallops in bend) displayed instead of the Spencer arms, and an earlier monument to the 1504 grantee, the first Sir John Spencer, having the 1504 Spencer arms removed and replaced with the Despencer arms. This rewrote history.
5. H. Gawthorne/S. Mattingly/G. W. Shaeffer/M. Avery/B. Thomas/R. Barnard/M. Young, Revd. N.V. Knibbs/R. Horne: "The Parish Church of St. Mary the Virgin, Great Brington. 800 Years of English History", published as "Brington Church: A Popular History" in 1989 and printed by Peerless Press.
6. Sir John Spencer 1455–1522 "Sir John Spencer » Spencer of Althorp". Archived from the original on 2013-07-24. Retrieved 2013-07-20. (access date 20 July 2013)
7. Sir John Spencer, History of Parliament Online (access date 20 July 2013)
8. de Thoyras, Rapin (1743). The History of England. book xviii. Vol. 2 (3 ed.). London, Ludgate Street: John and Paul Knapton (orig. French M. Paul). p. 205. in Parliament 1621: Lord Arundel, "My Lord, when these things you speak of were doing, your ancestors were keeping sheep." Spencer instantly replied,"when my ancestors (as you say) were keeping sheep, yours were plotting treason."
9. Paul Courtenay, The Armorial Bearings of Sir Winston Churchill "The Armorial Bearings of Sir Winston Churchill". Archived from the original on 2013-07-18. Retrieved 2013-07-20. (access date 20 July 2013)
10. Member of Parliament Biography
11. "Black Lives in England: Servants". Historic England. Retrieved 2 September 2020.
12. "The Hon. George Spencer". Catholic Encyclopedia. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
13. Walford, Edward (1893). The Windsor Peerage for 1890-1894. Chatto & Windus, Piccadilly, London, England. p. 118. Retrieved 7 June 2014. See entry for Churchill, 3rd Baron
14. Kate Fleming, The Churchills, Viking Press, 1975
15. Herman, Eleanor (2005). Sex with Kings: 500 Years of Adultery, Power, Rivalry, and Revenge. Pushed into War, Sold into Marriage: William Morrow. p.  190. ISBN   0060585439.

Bibliography

• Round, J.H. (1901) Studies in Peerage and Family History, A. Constable and Company, London.

External links

• Spencer Family Tree, Althorp.com
• Origins of the Spencer family
• Family tree and information – Archived link
• http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~djmurphy/conn/washington.htm
• The Heraldry of the Early Spencers
• Heraldry of the House of Spencer