Sphaeropsis

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Sphaeropsis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Ascomycota
Class:
Dothideomycetes
Order:
Botryosphaeriales
Family:
Botryosphaeriaceae

Theiss. & H.Syd. (1918)
Genus:
Sphaeropsis

Sacc. (1880) [1]
Type species
Sphaeropsis visci
(Alb. & Schwein.) Sacc.
Synonyms [2]
  • BotrysphaerisF.E.Clements & Shear, 1931
  • GyratyliumPreuss, 1855
  • SphaeropsisLév.

The Sphaeropsis are a genus of fungi, within the family of Botryosphaeriaceae and within the order of Botryosphaeriales , within the class Dothideomycetes. [3] They are plant pathogens.

Contents

Most known species is Sphaeropsis sapinea (Fr.) Dyko & B. Sutton (1980) (or Diplodia sapinea(Fr.) Fuckel and Diplodia pinea(Desm.) J. Kickx f.), [4] which is the causal agent of the Diplodia tip blight disease on pines and other conifer species. [5] It is also found on forest and ornamental trees in the Western Balkans, Europe, [6] and in the United States. [7]

History

The genus Sphaeropsis was introduced by Saccardo in 1880 (for several species of Diplodia with brown, aseptate conidia), with Sphaeropsis visci named as the type species. [1] Sphaeropsis was later found to be the asexual morph of Phaeobotryosphaeria (Phillips et al. 2008, [8] 2013; [9] Wijayawardene et al. 2017). [10]

Distribution

Species in Sphaeropsis have a cosmopolitan distribution since they have been recorded from both temperate and tropical countries. [2] Including; Germany, Namibia, New Zealand, South Africa, Thailand, (Phillips et al. 2013; [9] Slippers et al. 2014; [11] Farr and Rossman 2019). [12] China (Sphaeropsis citrigena and Sphaeropsis guizhouensis), [13] and Chile. [14]

Etymology

Sphaeropsis is derived from the New Latin from sphaer meaning sphere or globe and opsis meaning appearance, vision. So named as the species are similar in form to the fungal genus Sphaeria Haller, Hist. Stirp. Helv. 3: 120 (1768), [15] (in the Hypoxylaceae family, Xylariales order). [16]

Hosts

Species Sphaeropsis visci causes leaf-spot disease on Asian mistletoe ( Viscum coloratum (Kom.) Nakai) in China, [17] and also on European mistletoe ( Viscum album ) populations. [18] [19] [20] While species Sphaeropsis pinea (Needle cast) is a significant problem in Chile. [14]

Species

As of 1 September 2023, the GBIF lists up to 143 species, [2] while Species Fungorum lists about 139 species (out of 374 records). [21] Over 600 species were accepted by Wijayawardene et al. 2020. [3]

This list of species with name, authority and dates is based on the Species Fungorum list.

Former species

Many older species of Sphaeropsis have been transferred to other genera. Such as Sphaeropsis malorum(Berk.) Berk. (1860), [15] is now Botryosphaeria stevensii Shoemaker, (1964). [21] Aklso Sphaeropsis tumefaciensHedges (1911) now Cophinforma tumefaciens . [21] Sphaeropsis pyriputrescensC.L. Xiao & J.D. Rogers (2004) (Sphaeropsis Apple rot), [22] now Xenosphaeropsis pyriputrescens (in the Phacidiaceae family). [21]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Botryosphaeriaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Botryosphaeriaceae are a family of sac fungi (Ascomycetes), which is the type representative of the order Botryosphaeriales. According to a 2008 estimate, the family contains 26 genera and over 1500 species. Members of this order include notable plant pathogens.

<i>Venturia</i> (fungus) Genus of fungi

Venturia is a genus of fungi in the family Venturiaceae. First identified in 1882, species in the genus are plant pathogens. Venturia is widespread and the genus contains an estimated 58 species, or 130 species. Anamorphs were historically represented in the genus Fusicladium.

<i>Cucurbitaria</i> Genus of fungi

Cucurbitaria is a genus of pyrenomycetous fungi in the family Cucurbitariaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Samuel Frederick Gray in 1821.

Didymosphaeria is a genus of fungi in the family Didymosphaeriaceae.

Phaeobotryosphaeria is a genus of fungi in the family Botryosphaeriaceae. There were originally 10 species.

Aplosporella is a genus of fungi in the family Botryosphaeriaceae.

Zignoëlla is a genus of fungi within the Chaetosphaeriaceae family.

<i>Monochaetia</i> Genus of fungi

Monochaetia is a genus of fungi in the family Sporocadaceae. Species in the genus are typically plant parasites and saprobes, and cause leaf spot diseases on various hosts.

<i>Cercosporella</i> Genus of fungi

Cercosporella is a fungus genus in the family Mycosphaerellaceae.

<i>Cylindrosporium</i> Genus of fungi

Cylindrosporium is a genus of parasitic fungi. The genus includes several plant pathogens that cause leaf spot.

<i>Passalora</i> Genus of fungi

Passalora is a genus of fungi in the family Mycosphaerellaceae. It has about 250 species.

<i>Sporocadus</i> Genus of fungi

Sporocadus is a genus of plant pathogens in the family Sporocadaceae.

References

  1. 1 2 Sacc., Michelia 2: 105. 1880.
  2. 1 2 3 "Sphaeropsis Sacc". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
  3. 1 2 Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi: 10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8 . hdl: 10481/61998 .
  4. ↑ Roy, Julien; Kyritsi, Ioanna; Reinwarth, Nadja; Bachelier, Julien B.; Rillig, Matthias C.; Lücking, Robert (December 2022). "Host and abiotic constraints on the distribution of the pine fungal pathogen Sphaeropsis sapinea (= Diplodia sapinea)". Frontiers in Forests and Global Change. 5 (971916). Bibcode:2022FrFGC...5.1916R. doi: 10.3389/ffgc.2022.971916 .
  5. ↑ Blumenstein, Kathrin; Bußkamp, Johanna; Langer, Gitta Jutta; Schlößer, Rebekka; Parra Rojas, Natalia Marion; Terhonen, Eeva (24 May 2021). "Sphaeropsis sapinea and Associated Endophytes in Scots Pine: Interactions and Effect on the Host Under Variable Water Content". Front. For. Glob. Change. 4 (Sec. Pests, Pathogens and Invasions). Bibcode:2021FrFGC...4.5769B. doi: 10.3389/ffgc.2021.655769 .
  6. ↑ Zlatkovic, Milica; Keca, Nenad Djuro; Wingfield, Michael J.; Jami, Fahimeh; Slippers, Bernard (April 2016). "Botryosphaeriaceae associated with the die-back of ornamental trees in the Western Balkans". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 109 (4): 543–564. doi:10.1007/s10482-016-0659-8. hdl: 2263/52504 . PMID   26891906. S2CID   254232021.
  7. ↑ Palmer, M.A.; Stewart, E.L.; Wingfield, M.J. (1987). "Variation among isolates of Sphaeropsis sapinea in the north central United States". Phytopathology. 77 (6): 944–948. doi:10.1094/Phyto-77-944.
  8. ↑ Phillips, A.J.L.; Alves, A.; Pennycook, S.R.; Johnston, P.R.; Ramaley, A.; Akulov, A.; Crous, P.W. (December 2008). "Resolving the phylogenetic and taxonomic status of dark-spored teleomorph genera in the Botryosphaeriaceae". Persoonia. 21: 29–55. doi:10.3767/003158508X340742. PMC   2846129 . PMID   20396576.
  9. 1 2 Phillips, A.J.L.; Alves, A.; Abdollahzadeh, J.; Slippers, B.; Wingfield, M.J.; Groenewald, J.Z.; Crous, P.W. (2013). "The Botryosphaeriaceae: genera and species known from culture". Stud. Mycol. 76 (1): 51–167. doi:10.3114/sim0021. PMC   3825232 . PMID   24302790.
  10. ↑ Wijayawardene, N. N.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Lumbsch, H.T.; Liu, J.K.; Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N.; Ekanayaka, A.H.; Tian, Q.; Phookamsak, R. (2018). "Outline of Ascomycota: 2017". Fungal Diversity. 88: 167−263. doi:10.1007/s13225-018-0394-8. S2CID   256066125.
  11. ↑ Slippers, B.; Roux, J.; Wingfield, M.J.; Van der Walt, F.J.J.; Jami, F.; Mehl, J.W.M.; Marais, G.J. (2014). "Confronting the constraints of morphological taxonomy in the Botryosphaeriales". Persoonia. 33: 155–168. doi:10.3767/003158514X684780. PMC   4312931 . PMID   25737598.
  12. ↑ Farr, D. F.; Rossman, A. Y. (2019). "Fungal Databases". Syst. Mycol. Microbiol. Lab., ARS, USDA. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  13. ↑ Dissanayake, Asha Janadaree; Chen, Ya-Ya; Cheewangkoon, Ratchadawan; Liu, Jian-Kui Jack (October 2021). "Occurrence and Morpho-Molecular Identification of Botryosphaeriales Species from Guizhou Province, China". Journal of Fungi. 7 (11): 893. doi: 10.3390/jof7110893 . PMC   8618807 . PMID   34829182.
  14. 1 2 Cubbage, Frederick; MacDonagh, Patricio; Sawinski Júnior, José; Rubilar, Rafael; Donoso, Pablo; Ferreira, Arnaldo; Hoeflich, Vitor; Olmos, Virginia Morales; Ferreira, Gustavo; Balmelli, Gustavo; Siry, Jacek; Báez, Mirta Noemi; Alvarez, José (2007). "Timber investment returns for selected plantations and native forests in South America and the Southern United States". New Forests. 33 (3): 237–255. doi:10.1007/s11056-006-9025-4. S2CID   23662888.
  15. 1 2 New York (State). Legislature. Assembly Documents of the Assembly of the State of New York, Volume 104, Issues 7-8 (1881) , p. 36, at Google Books
  16. ↑ "Sphaeria Haller, 1768". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 5 September 2023.
  17. ↑ Chen, Jie; Liu, Xuefeng; Jia, Hanqi; Zhu, Wenbo (2018). "First report of leaf-spot disease caused by Sphaeropsis visci on Asian mistletoe [Viscum coloratum (Kom.) Nakai] in China". Journal of Forestry Research. 29 (6): 1769–1774. doi:10.1007/s11676-017-0550-0. S2CID   255354212.
  18. ↑ Poczai, P.; Varga, I.; Hyvonen, J. (2015). "Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) evolution in populations of the hyperparasitic European mistletoe pathogen fungus, Sphaeropsis visci (Botryosphaeriaceae): the utility of ITS2 secondary structures". Gene. 558 (1): 54–64. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2014.12.042. PMID   25536165.
  19. ↑ Stojanović, S. (1989). "The investigation of Sphaeropsis visci (Salm.) Sacc, Colletotrichum gloeosporoides (Sacc.) Penz, parasites on European (Viscum album ssp. typicum Beck)". Zaštita Bilja. 40: 493–503.
  20. ↑ Varga, Ildikó; Poczai, Péter; Cernák, István; Hyvönen, Jaakko (30 September 2014). "Application of direct PCR in rapid rDNA ITS haplotype determination of the hyperparasitic fungus Sphaeropsis visci (Botryosphaeriaceae)". SpringerPlus. 3: 569. doi: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-569 . PMC   4193967 . PMID   25332869.
  21. 1 2 3 4 "Species Fungorum - Search Page - Sphaeropsis". www.speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
  22. ↑ Q. Ashton Acton (General Editor) Advances in Plant Physiological Phenomena Research and Application: 2012 Edition , p. 190, at Google Books


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