Sphecius

Last updated

Cicada killer wasps
Western CKs mating.jpg
Mating western cicada killers, Sphecius grandis (Big Bend, Texas, USA). The male is uppermost.
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Crabronidae
Tribe: Gorytini
Genus: Sphecius
Dahlbom, 1844
Type species
Sphecius speciosus
(Drury, 1773)
Species

Some 21, see text

Cicada killer wasps (genus Sphecius) are large, solitary, ground-dwelling, predatory wasps. They are so named because they hunt cicadas and provision their nests with them, after stinging and paralyzing them. Twenty-one species worldwide are recognized. The highest diversity occurs in the region between North Africa and Central Asia.

Contents

In North America, the term "cicada killer wasp" usually refers to the most well-known species, the eastern cicada killer (S. speciosus). A few other related genera also are sometimes referred to as "cicada killers", e.g. Liogorytes in South America and Exeirus in Australia.

The use of cicadas as prey is in keeping with the typical behavior of the tribe Gorytini, which tend to specialize on various members of the Cicadomorpha as prey items.

Species

Sphecius speciosus with prey. (Fitchburg, Massachusetts, USA) Cicada Wasp (4).jpg
Sphecius speciosus with prey. (Fitchburg, Massachusetts, USA)

This list of species is probably complete as of March 31, 2009. It has been adapted from the Catalog of Sphecius species (California Academy of Sciences). Notable subspecies are also given.

More recently, it has been suspected that the western cicada killer ( S. grandis ) represents more than one species. Also, some evidence suggests that either the eastern cicada killer ( S. speciosus ) has a subspecies or closely related species that mimics the Pacific cicada killer ( S. convallis ). Alternatively, when they were already well distinct species, significant hybridization has occurred between them, though not enough to fully overcome their reproductive isolation. [1]

Related Research Articles

<i>Populus <span style="font-style:normal;">sect.</span> Aigeiros</i> Section of plants in the genus Populus

Populus section Aigeiros is a section of three species in the genus Populus, the poplars. Like some other species in the genus Populus, they are commonly known as cottonwoods. The species are native to North America, Europe, and western Asia. In the past, as many as six species were recognized, but recent trends have been to accept just three species, treating the others as subspecies of P. deltoides.

<i>Sphecius speciosus</i> Species of wasp

Sphecius speciosus, often simply referred to as the cicada killer or the cicada hawk, is a large, solitary digger wasp species in the family Crabronidae. The name may be applied to any species of crabronid that preys on cicadas, though in North America, it is typically applied to this species, also referred to as the eastern cicada killer in order to further differentiate it from the multiple other examples of related wasp species. Sometimes, they are called sand hornets, although they are not hornets, which belong to the family Vespidae. This species can be found in the Eastern and Midwest U.S. and southwards into Mexico and Central America. They are so named because they hunt cicadas and provision their nests with them. Cicada killers exert a measure of natural control on cicada populations, and as such they may directly benefit the deciduous trees upon which the cicadas feed.

<i>Grindelia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Grindelia (gumweed) is a genus of plants native to the Americas belonging to the sunflower family. The genus was named for Latvian botanist David Hieronymus Grindel, 1776–1836.

UTC−06:00 Identifier for a time offset from UTC of −6

UTC−06:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of −06:00. In North America, it is observed in the Central Time Zone during standard time, and in the Mountain Time Zone during the other eight months. Several Latin American countries and a few other places use it year-round.

<i>Bouteloua</i> Genus of grasses

Bouteloua is a genus of plants in the grass family. Members of the genus are commonly known as grama grass.

<i>Ephedra</i> (plant) genus of gymnosperms in the family Ephedraceae

Ephedra is a genus of gymnosperm shrubs. The various species of Ephedra are widespread in many arid regions of the world, ranging across southwestern North America, southern Europe, northern Africa, southwest and central Asia, northern China and western South America. It is the only extant genus in its family, Ephedraceae, and order, Ephedrales and one of the three living members of the division Gnetophyta alongside Gnetum and Welwitschia.

<i>Trixis</i> Genus of shrubs

Trixis is a genus of shrubs in the aster family, Asteraceae, native to North and South America including the West Indies.

<i>Trichostema</i> Genus of flowering plants

Trichostema is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, which are aromatic herbs or subshrubs. These plants are native to North America. Many plant of this genus which have whorls of small blue flowers are called by the common name bluecurls.

Federal Highway 2 is a free part of the federal highway corridors that runs along the Mexico–United States border. The highway is in two separate improved segments, starting in the west at Tijuana, Baja California, on the Pacific coast and ending in the east in Matamoros, Tamaulipas, on the Gulf of Mexico. Fed. 2 passes through the border states of Baja California, Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas. It has a total length of 1,963 kilometres (1,220 mi); 1,319 kilometres (820 mi) in the west and 644 kilometres (400 mi) in the east.

Organización Editorial Mexicana, also known as OEM, is the largest Mexican print media company and the largest newspaper company in Latin America. The company owns a large newswire service, it includes 70 Mexican daily newspapers, 24 radio stations and 44 websites.

<i>Gutierrezia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Gutierrezia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, native to western North America and western South America. Plants of this genus are known generally as snakeweeds or matchweeds. Some species have been called greasewood. They are annual or perennial plants or subshrubs with yellow or white flowers.

<i>Hemipenthes</i> Genus of flies

Hemipenthes is a large genus of flies belonging to the family Bombyliidae (bee-flies). There are many described species, distributed throughout the Holarctic realm. These are small to large robust flies with a body length of 5–14 mm. They can be distinguished from similar genera (Villa) by their wing venation.

<i>Toxophora</i> Genus of flies

Toxophora is a genus of flies belonging to the family Bombyliidae (bee-flies). There are 47 described species, distributed throughout the world, although they are most abundant in Southwestern United States and western Mediterranean. World catalog of bee flies They are strange, stout, robust flies with a hunchbacked form, with a body length of 6–12 mm and wings 4 to 7.5mm. Most species are black with banding or spots.

<i>Populus fremontii</i> Species of tree

Populus fremontii, commonly known as Frémont's cottonwood, is a cottonwood native to riparian zones of the Southwestern United States and northern through central Mexico. It is one of three species in Populus sect. Aigeiros. The tree was named after 19th century American explorer and pathfinder John C. Frémont.

<i>Sphecius grandis</i> Species of wasp

Sphecius grandis, also called the western cicada killer, is a species of cicada killer wasp (Sphecius). The western species shares the same nesting biology as its fellow species, the eastern cicada killer. S. grandis, like all other species of the genus Sphecius, mainly provides cicadas for its offspring. It forms nest aggregations and mates and broods once in a year, in July and early August. The wasp is on average 3 cm (1 in) to 5 cm (2 in) in length and is amber-yellow with yellow rings on its abdomen.

Ethmia discostrigella, the mountain-mahogany moth, is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It is found from the western United States, south into Mexico.

<i>Amauriopsis</i> Genus of flowering plants

Amauriopsis is a genus of North American plants in the Spanish needles tribe within the daisy family. The plants grow in Mexico and the western United States.

Sphecius convallis, the Pacific cicada killer, is a species of sand wasp in the family Crabronidae. It is found in Central America and North America.

Sphecius hogardii, the Caribbean cicada killer, is a species of sand wasp in the family Crabronidae. It is found in the Caribbean and North America.

References

  1. Hastings, Jon M.; et al. (2008). "DNA barcoding of new world cicada killers (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae)" (PDF). Zootaxa . 1713: 27–38.