Streptaxidae

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Streptaxidae
Gonospira uvula Reunion 0408.jpg
Gonospira uvula
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Order: Stylommatophora
Superfamily: Streptaxoidea
Family: Streptaxidae
Gray, 1860 [1]
Subfamilies

Enneinae Bourguignat, 1883
Gulellinae Rowson, 2024
Marconiinae Schileyko, 2000
Primigulellinae Rowson, 2024 Odontartemoninae Schileyko, 2000
Orthogibbinae Germain, 1921
Streptaxinae Gray, 1860

Contents

Diversity [2]
About 1000 species, about 60 genera

Streptaxidae is a family of carnivorous air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Stylommatophora.

Streptaxidae are monophyletic while all subfamilies and several genera are polyphyletic. [3]

Six Streptaxidae subfamilies are accepted in the 2005 taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi.

Streptaxidae are carnivorous except for one species Edentulina moreleti , which is herbivorous. [4] All streptaxids have well-developed radula, except Careoradula perelegans , which is the only known terrestrial gastropod without radula. [5]

Altogether 66 species from the family Streptaxidae are listed in the 2010 IUCN Red List . [6]

Distribution

The historical area of origin of the Streptaxidae is probably Gondwanaland. [7]

The family is widely distributed across the tropical and subtropical areas of South America, Africa and Asia. [8] The Recent native distribution of Streptaxidae includes South America, Africa, Arabia, Madagascar, Seychelles, Mayotte, Comores, Mauritius, Réunion, Rodrigues, India, Sri Lanka, Andamans, South-East Asia and the Philippines. [2] The genus Gibbulinella is found in the Canary Islands. [2]

The species diversity of Streptaxidae reaches its maximum in sub-Saharan Africa. [8]

With 13 genera and about 130 nominal species, the second most diverse streptaxid fauna can be found in Southeast Asia. [8] Streptaxidae are the most diverse among tropical Asian carnivorous snails. [8] In Indochina, streptaxid diversity was thought to comprise only 10 genera and about 40 species in 1967. [9] However, in 2006–2016, 21 new species (more than half the previous total) and one new genus had been described from Indochina. [9] Thirty-seven species are recorded from Thailand, 10 from Myanmar, 45 from Vietnam, [9] [10] and 12 from Laos. [9]

Description

Streptaxids can generally be recognized by their eccentric or cylindrical shells, while the animals have a bright yellow to red or orange body with external hook-like structures on the everted penis. [8]

Early classifications of the family such as Wilhelm Kobelt (1905–6), used mainly shell shape and the arrangement of apertural dentition. [9] However, many shell characters are highly conserved or occur recurrently, making some species and genera difficult to separate. [9] The reproductive organs of streptaxids can also be taxonomically significant. [9]

Taxonomy

Prior to Schileyko's revision in 2000 only two subfamilies, the Streptaxinae and the Enneinae had been recognized, which were primarily based on their shell morphology. [8]

2005 taxonomy

Only the one family, Streptaxidae, was recognized within the Streptaxoidea in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005). [11]

There are 7 subfamilies in the family Streptaxidae according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005, that follows Schileyko (2000): [12]

Synonyms

2010 taxonomy

Sutcharit et al. (2010) [2] have established a new family Diapheridae within Streptaxoidea and they have added two genera Diaphera and Sinoennea into Diapheridae. [2]

The later review "A review of the Diapheridae" in 2020 by Páll-Gergely, B., Hunyadi, A., Grego, J., Sajan, S., Tripathy, B. & Chen, Z.-Y. showed the family Diapheridae to stand separate from Streptaxidae. [18]

In the recent decades, most of the taxonomic and systematic research on streptaxids has been performed on sub-Saharan African taxa. [8] Only a few publications focus on South American or Asian groups. [8]

Genera

Genera in the family Streptaxidae include:

Enneinae

Gulellinae

Marconiinae

Odontartemoninae

Orthogibbinae

Primigulellinae

Streptaxinae

Unsorted to subfamily

Notes

Synonyms

See also

References

This article includes CC-BY-3.0 text from the reference [8] and CC-BY-4.0 from the reference [9]

  1. ↑ Dadagulella is placed here, because Dadagulella and Gulella are supposed to be sister groups.
  1. ↑ Gray J. E. (October 1860) "On the arrangement of the land pulmoniferous Mollusca into families". Annals and Magazine of Natural History , serie 3, 6: 267-269. Streptaxidae is on the page 268.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 Sutcharit, C.; Naggs, F.; Wade, C. M.; Fontanilla, I.; Panha, S. (2010). "The new family Diapheridae, a new species of Diaphera Albers from Thailand, and the position of the Diapheridae within a molecular phylogeny of the Streptaxoidea (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society . 160: 1–16. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00598.x .
  3. ↑ Rowson, Ben. Systematics and diversity of the Streptaxidae (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora): With particular reference to the East African region. Cardiff University (United Kingdom), 2010.
  4. ↑ Gerlach, J (2001). "Edentulina moreleti, the first herbivorous streptaxid (Gastropoda)" (PDF). Phelsuma. 9: 75.
  5. ↑ Gerlach, J.; van Bruggen, A. C. (1998). "A first record of a terrestrial mollusc without a radula". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 64 (2): 249–250. doi: 10.1093/mollus/64.2.249 .
  6. ↑ IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.3. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 27 September 2010.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Gerlach J. & Bruggen A. C. van (1999). "Streptaxidae Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata of the Seychelles Islands, western Indian Ocean". Zoologische Verhandelingen 328: 1-60. abstract, PDF.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Siriboon, T.; Sutcharit, C.; Naggs, F.; Panha, S. (2013). "Three new species of the carnivorous snail genus Perrottetia Kobelt, 1905 from Thailand (Pulmonata, Streptaxidae)". ZooKeys (287): 41–57. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.287.4572 . PMC   3677355 . PMID   23794847.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Inkhavilay, Khamla; Siriboon, Thanit; Sutcharit, Chirasak; Rowson, Ben; Panha, Somsak (2016-05-16). "The first revision of the carnivorous land snail family Streptaxidae in Laos, with description of three new species (Pulmonata, Stylommatophora, Streptaxidae)". ZooKeys (589): 23–53. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.589.7933 . ISSN   1313-2970. PMC   4926661 . PMID   27408533 . Retrieved 2017-11-02.
  10. ↑ Sang, Do Duc; Do Duc, Sang (2017). "Checklist of the genus Perrottetia Kobelt, 1905 (Pulmonata: Streptaxidae) of Vietnam, with description of a new species". Folia Malacologica. 25 (2): 95–100. doi: 10.12657/folmal.025.009 . Retrieved 2017-11-02.
  11. 1 2 Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; Ponder, Winston; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia . 47 (1–2). Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks: 1–397. ISBN   3-925919-72-4. ISSN   0076-2997.
  12. ↑ Schileyko A. A. (2000). "Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs: Rhytididae; Chlamydephoridae; Systrophiidae; Haplotrematidae; Streptaxidae; Spiraxidae; Oleacinidae; Testacellidae". Ruthenica Supplement 2 Part 6: 731–880.
  13. ↑ Bourguignat J. R. (1883) Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, serie 6, 15, Art. 2: page 74.
  14. ↑ Schileyko A. A. (2000). "Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs: Rhytididae, Chlamydephoridae, Systrophiidae, Haplotrematidae, Streptaxidae, Spiraxidae, Oleacinidae, Testacellidae". Ruthenica, Suppl. 2, Part 6: 731-880. page 828.
  15. ↑ Schileyko A. A. (2000). "Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs: Rhytididae, Chlamydephoridae, Systrophiidae, Haplotrematidae, Streptaxidae, Spiraxidae, Oleacinidae, Testacellidae". Ruthenica, Suppl. 2, Part 6: 731-880. page 830.
  16. ↑ Germain (1921) Faune malacologique terrestre et fluviatile des iles Mascareignes: 415, 461.
  17. ↑ Pilsbry, H. A. (1919). "A review of the land mollusks of the Belgian Congo : chiefly based on the collections of the American Museum Congo Expedition, 1909-1915". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History . 40: 180.
  18. ↑ "A review of the Diapheridae (Gastropoda: Eupulmonata: Streptaxoidea), with special emphasis on India and Myanmar" (PDF). lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg.
  19. ↑ Rowson, B.; Tattersfield, P. (2013). "Revision of Dadagulella gen. nov., the "Gulella radius group" (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae) of the eastern Afrotropics, including six new species and three new subspecies"". European Journal of Taxonomy (37): 1–46. doi: 10.5852/ejt.2013.37 .
  20. ↑ Gerlach, J (2001). "Conturbatia, a new genus of Streptaxidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pulmonata)". Zoosystematics and Evolution . 77 (2): 297–302. doi:10.1002/mmnz.20010770213.
  21. ↑ Emberton, K. C. (2002). "Parvedentulina and edentate Gulella of Madagascar (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Streptaxidae)" (PDF). Archiv für Molluskenkunde . 131 (1/2): 67–165. doi:10.1127/arch.moll/131/2002/67.
  22. ↑ Wenz, W. v. (1947). "Zur Taxonomie der Euthyneura". Archiv für Molluskenkunde . 76 (1): 336.
  23. ↑ Bequaert, J.; Clench, W. J. (1936). ""Studies of African land and fresh-water mollusks. Notes on Gonaxis Taylor, with description of a new species"". Journal of Conchology. 20. London: 263–273.

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