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Terrorism in Brazil has occurred since at least the 1940s.
The Shindo Renmei were a Japanese-Brazilian terror organization whose attacks were focused on resistance to the Japanese surrender at the end of World War II; attacks were perpetrated against other Japanese-Brazilians. [1]
According to the Brazilian Federal Police, at least seven Islamic terror groups operate in Brazil:
These groups operate inside the national territory and most are also known to operate on the border of Paraguay and Argentina with Brazil. [2]
During the Brazilian military government from 1964 to 1985, terrorism was a term frequently used by the state. All forms of opposition to the military regime were considered forms of terrorism; opposition members were deemed "terrorists." [2]
Some groups engaged in urban guerrilla attacks against the regime; in a 1969 panflet ALN members described themselves as '''Guerrillas, terrorists and robbers; not men who depend on votes from other revolutionaries or whoeve to fulfill their duty to make the revolution.'' [3]
An incident of right-wing terrorism known as the Riocentro attack occurred in 1981, perpetrated by a sector of the military dissatisfied with the democratic opening of the regime.
On 21 July 2016, two weeks before the scheduled start of the Olympic Games, Brazilian Federal Police busted an Islamic jihadist terrorist ring plotting to wreak havoc in a manner similar to the 1972 Munich massacre, but they had a rather poor preparation compared to their objectives. 10 people suspected to be allied with ISIS were arrested and two more were on the run. [4] [5]
On 2 May 2017, Palestinian migrants threw a homemade bomb at far-right protesters, leaving several injured in São Paulo. [6]
On 6 September 2018, the right-wing presidential candidate Jair Bolsonaro was stabbed during a political campaign in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais. [7]
On 13 March 2019, two former students opened fire at a Brazilian school in Suzano, São Paulo. The pair killed at least five teenagers as well as two school officials before committing suicide in an attack that police said was inspired by the 1999 Columbine High School Massacre in the United States. [8]
On 2 September 2021, a man who was planning Islamic terrorist attacks was arrested in Maringá. [9]
On 8 November 2023, the Federal Police of Brazil arrested 2 men and carried out 11 search and seizure warrants, in the states of São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Brasília, in an operation against the terrorist group Hezbollah, which was planning attacks on synagogues in the country. [10]
Several newspapers, including O Globo , Veja, and Folha de S.Paulo , characterised the 2023 invasion of the Brazilian Congress as terrorism. [11] [12] [13]
The Brazil government has four pieces of terrorism legislation pending in Congress: [14]
There is a large concentration of Middle Eastern immigrants in the area near the Paraguay, Argentina, Brazil border. Some authorities monitoring the area have stated that Brazil should participate more in the international fight against terrorism. [2]
Jair Messias Bolsonaro is a Brazilian politician and retired military officer who served as the 38th president of Brazil from 2019 to 2022. He previously served in the Brazil Chamber of Deputies from 1991 to 2018.
General elections were held in Brazil on 7 October 2018 to elect the president, National Congress and state governors. As no candidate in the presidential election received more than 50% of the vote in the first round, a runoff round was held on 28 October.
Alexandre de Moraes is a Brazilian jurist, currently serving as president of the Superior Electoral Court and as a justice of the Supreme Federal Court.
The 2018 presidential campaign of Jair Bolsonaro was announced on 3 March 2016. Brazilian federal deputy and former military officer Jair Bolsonaro became the official nominee of the Social Liberal Party during their convention on 22 July 2018. The running mate decision came later on 8 August, when General Hamilton Mourão was chosen to compose the ticket with Bolsonaro. By choosing Mourão as running mate Bolsonaro secured a coalition with the Brazilian Labour Renewal Party.
Events in the year 2019 in Brazil.
General elections were held in Brazil on 2 October 2022 to elect the president, vice president, the National Congress, the governors, vice governors, and legislative assemblies of all federative units, and the district council of Fernando de Noronha. As no candidate for president—or for governor in some states—received more than half of the valid votes in the first round, a runoff election for these offices was held on 30 October. Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva received the majority of the votes in the second round and became president-elect of Brazil.
The 2020 Brazilian protests and demonstrations were popular demonstrations that took place in several regions of Brazil, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. The protests began on March 15, 2020, with demonstrations in support of President Jair Bolsonaro, the target of several investigations, and against the isolation measures imposed by state governments.
The 2021 Brazilian protests were popular demonstrations that took place in different regions of Brazil in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Protests both supporting and opposing the government happened.
Anderson Gustavo Torres is a Brazilian chief of police of the Federal Police, who served as Minister of Justice and Public Security under Jair Bolsonaro. Following the 2023 invasion of the Brazilian Congress, Torres' arrest was ordered by the Supreme Federal Court.
Terça Livre was a Brazilian news portal maintained by Allan Lopes dos Santos and Italo Lorenzon Neto. The channel gained notoriety in the 2018 Brazilian presidential elections for its proximity with the then PSL candidate and later Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro and by producing content aligned with conservatism and right ideas.
Daniel Lucio da Silveira is a former Rio de Janeiro Military Police officer and Brazilian politician, affiliated with the PTB. He was a federal deputy for Rio de Janeiro from 2019 to 2023.
Events in the year 2022 in Brazil.
The Jair Bolsonaro 2022 presidential campaign was officialized on 24 July 2022 in Rio de Janeiro. His running mate is former Minister of Defence Walter Braga Netto. Incumbent president Jair Bolsonaro, elected in 2018 for the first term, is a candidate for re-election for the second term.
The 2022–2023 Brazilian election protests began shortly after the conclusion of the 2022 Brazilian general election's second round on October 30, in which Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva was elected president, which led to mass protests and roadblocks nationwide. Supporters of Jair Bolsonaro, who are frequently referred to in media accounts as Bolsonaristas, alleging election fraud, began blocking roads and highways in the country. At least 23 Brazilian states, plus the Federal District, recorded roadblocks as of 1 November, adding up to at least 267 roadblocks according to data from Federal Highway Police (PRF).
On 8 January 2023, following the defeat of then-president Jair Bolsonaro in the 2022 Brazilian general election and the inauguration of his successor Luis Inácio Lula da Silva, a mob of Bolsonaro's supporters attacked Brazil's federal government buildings in the capital, Brasília. The mob invaded and caused deliberate damage to the Supreme Federal Court, the National Congress building and the Planalto Presidential Palace in the Praça dos Três Poderes, seeking to violently overthrow the democratically elected president Lula, who had been inaugurated on 1 January. Many rioters said their purpose was to spur military leaders to launch a "military intervention" and disrupt the democratic transition of power.
Many journalists compared the events of the 2023 Brazilian Congress attack to the January 6 United States Capitol attack almost exactly two years earlier. Several newspapers, including O Globo, Veja, and Folha de S.Paulo, characterised what happened as terrorism. O Estado de S. Paulo and El Mundo described the event as an attempted coup d'état. On 9 January, tens of thousands of people attended rallies against the rioters in many Brazilian cities. Supreme Federal Court considered the attacks as terrorist acts.
The National Congress Palace is a building in Brasilia, Brazil that serves as the meeting place of the Brazilian national legislature, the National Congress of Brazil. It was built in 1960.
During the 2023 Brazilian Congress attack, numerous works of art were targeted by supporters of Brazilian former president Jair Bolsonaro.
Mauro Cesar Barbosa Cid is an active-duty lieutenant colonel in the Brazilian Army. He was an aide-de-camp to the President of Brazil, Jair Bolsonaro, and is currently being investigated by the Federal Police of Brazil for several crimes in which he is accused of having participated during the Bolsonaro government.
The Supreme Federal Court Palace is the seat of the Supreme Federal Court, Brazilian highest appealing court and constitutional court. It was designed by architect Oscar Niemeyer and the structural project was carried out by engineer Joaquim Cardozo.
