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Terrorism in Brazil has occurred since at least the 1940s.
The Shindo Renmei were a Japanese-Brazilian terror organization whose attacks were focused on resistance to the Japanese surrender at the end of World War II; attacks were perpetrated against other Japanese-Brazilians. [1]
According to the Brazilian Federal Police, at least seven Islamic terror groups operate in Brazil:
These groups operate inside the national territory, and most are also known to operate on the border of Paraguay and Argentina with Brazil. [2]
During the Brazilian military government from 1964 to 1985, terrorism was a term frequently used by the state. All forms of opposition to the military regime were considered forms of terrorism; opposition members were deemed "terrorists." [2]
Some groups engaged in urban guerrilla attacks against the regime; in a 1969 panflet, ALN members described themselves as '''Guerrillas, terrorists, and robbers, not men who depend on votes from other revolutionaries or whoeve to fulfill their duty to make the revolution.'' [3]
During this period groups like the Brazilian Anti-Communist Alliance (taking inspiration in the name and actions of the Argentine Anticommunist Alliance [4] .) claimed a ring of bombing attacks against Brazilian Press Association, [5] the Order of Attorneys of Brazil, [6] the Brazilian Center for Analysis and Planning, [6] Editora Civilização Brasileira [7] and the residence of journalist Roberto Marinho. [6] An incident of right-wing terrorism known as the Riocentro attack occurred in 1981, perpetrated by a sector of the military dissatisfied with the democratic opening of the regime.
On 21 July 2016, two weeks before the scheduled start of the Olympic Games, the Brazilian Federal Police busted an Islamic jihadist terrorist ring plotting to wreak havoc in a manner similar to the 1972 Munich massacre, but they had rather poor preparation compared to their objectives. 10 people suspected to be allied with ISIS were arrested, and two more were on the run. [8] [9]
On 2 May 2017, Palestinian migrants threw a homemade bomb at far-right protesters, leaving several injured in São Paulo. [10]
On 6 September 2018, the right-wing presidential candidate Jair Bolsonaro was stabbed during a political campaign in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais. [11]
On 13 March 2019, two former students opened fire at a Brazilian school in Suzano, São Paulo. The pair killed at least five teenagers as well as two school officials before committing suicide in an attack that police said was inspired by the 1999 Columbine High School Massacre in the United States. [12]
On 2 September 2021, a man who was planning Islamic terrorist attacks was arrested in Maringá. [13]
On 8 November 2023, the Federal Police of Brazil arrested 2 men and carried out 11 search and seizure warrants in the states of São Paulo, Minas Gerais, and Brasília, in an operation against the terrorist group Hezbollah, which was planning attacks on synagogues in the country. [14]
Several newspapers, including O Globo , Veja, and Folha de S. Paulo , characterised the 2023 invasion of the Brazilian Congress as terrorism. [15] [16] [17]
On 13 November 2024, a suicide bomber exploded a device in front of the Supreme Federal Court Palace and another one in his car at the National Congress parking lot. The Federal Police of Brazil and the Bomb Squad released the area and the Forensics Medical Institute removed the corpse only on the next morning. [18] [19] [20]
The Brazilian government has four pieces of terrorism legislation pending in Congress: [21]
There is a large concentration of Middle Eastern immigrants in the area near the Paraguay, Argentina, and Brazil borders. Some authorities monitoring the area have stated that Brazil should participate more in the international fight against terrorism. [2]
The Primeiro Comando da Capital is a Brazilian organized crime syndicate. According to a 2023 The Economist report, the PCC is Latin America's biggest drug gang, with a membership of 40,000 lifetime members plus 60,000 "contractors". Its name refers to the São Paulo state capital, the city of São Paulo.
Censorship in Brazil, both cultural and political, occurred throughout the whole period following the colonization of the country. Even though most state censorship ended just before the period of redemocratization that started in 1985, Brazil still experiences a certain amount of non-official censorship today. The current legislation restricts freedom of expression concerning racism and the Constitution prohibits the anonymity of journalists.
Alexandre de Moraes is a Brazilian jurist, ex-politician, former president of the Superior Electoral Court and currently justice of the Supreme Federal Court. Moraes was appointed to the Supreme Court by President Michel Temer in 2017 when serving as Minister of Justice and Public Security. Previously, Moraes had acted as Secretary for Public Security in the State of São Paulo and had been a member of the Brazilian Public Prosecutor's Office.
Jihad Media Battalion is a terrorist organization active in South America. The group is among a number of Jihadi groups active in the Tri-Border Area (TBA) of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina.
The Suzano massacre, also known as the Suzano school massacre, was a school shooting and a failed bombing, that took place on March 13, 2019, at the Professor Raul Brasil State School in the Brazilian municipality of Suzano, São Paulo State, in which five students and two school staff members were killed. Before the attack, the perpetrators, 17-year-old Guilherme Taucci Monteiro and 25-year-old Luiz Henrique de Castro, killed Taucci's uncle. After killing most of their victims in the school, Taucci killed his partner and then committed suicide. Eleven additional people were injured by gunshots, and gunfire was also exchanged with the police. Some were injured while trying to escape.
General elections were held in Brazil on 2 October 2022 to elect the president, vice president, the National Congress, the governors, vice governors, and legislative assemblies of all federative units, and the district council of Fernando de Noronha. As no candidate for president—or for governor in some states—received more than half of the valid votes in the first round, a runoff election for these offices was held on 30 October. Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva received the majority of the votes in the second round and became president-elect of Brazil.
A long series of criminal investigations have occurred in Brazil associated with Operation Car Wash, since the first one began in March 2014. These investigations are considered offshoots of the original phased investigations.
The 2020 Brazilian protests and demonstrations were popular demonstrations that took place in several regions of Brazil, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. The protests began on 15 March 2020, with demonstrations in support of President Jair Bolsonaro, the target of several investigations, and against the isolation measures imposed by state governments.
Gildevanio Ilso dos Santos Diniz, better known as Gil Diniz or Carteiro Reaça, is a Brazilian postman and politician. He has been a member of the Social Liberal Party since 2018, until he was expelled in 2020 for allegedly spreading fake news and attacks on democratic institutions, such as the STF.
Daniel Lucio da Silveira is a former Rio de Janeiro Military Police officer and Brazilian politician, previously affiliated with the PSL, UNIÃO, and PTB parties. He was a federal deputy for the state of Rio de Janeiro from 2019 to 2023.
Events in the year 2022 in Brazil.
The 2022–2023 Brazilian election protests began shortly after the conclusion of the 2022 Brazilian general election's second round on 30 October, in which Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva was elected president, which led to mass protests and roadblocks nationwide. Supporters of Jair Bolsonaro, who are frequently referred to in media accounts as Bolsonaristas, alleging election fraud, began blocking roads and highways in the country. At least 23 Brazilian states, plus the Federal District, recorded roadblocks as of 1 November, adding up to at least 267 roadblocks according to data from Federal Highway Police (PRF).
Events in the year 2023 in Brazil.
On 8 January 2023, following the defeat of then-president Jair Bolsonaro in the 2022 Brazilian general election and the inauguration of his successor Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, a mob of Bolsonaro's supporters attacked Brazil's federal government buildings in the capital, Brasília. The mob invaded and caused deliberate damage to the Supreme Federal Court, the National Congress Palace and the Planalto Presidential Palace in the Praça dos Três Poderes, seeking to violently overthrow the democratically elected president Lula, who had been inaugurated on 1 January. Many rioters said their purpose was to spur military leaders to launch a "military intervention" and disrupt the democratic transition of power.
Many journalists compared the events of the 2023 Brazilian Congress attack to the 6 January United States Capitol attack almost exactly two years earlier. Several newspapers, including O Globo, Veja, and Folha de S.Paulo, characterised what happened as terrorism. O Estado de S. Paulo and El Mundo described the event as an attempted coup d'état. On 9 January, tens of thousands of people attended rallies against the rioters in many Brazilian cities. Supreme Federal Court considered the attacks as terrorist acts.
The National Congress Palace is a building in Brasilia, Brazil that serves as the meeting place of the Brazilian national legislature, the National Congress of Brazil. It was built in 1960.
During the 2023 Brazilian Congress attack, numerous works of art were targeted by supporters of Brazilian former president Jair Bolsonaro.
Bolsonarism is a far-right political phenomenon that broke out in Brazil with the rise in popularity of Jair Bolsonaro, especially during his campaign in the presidential election in Brazil in 2018, which elected him president. The Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) crisis during the Dilma Rousseff government, precipitated and accelerated by the political-economic crisis of 2014, strengthened Bolsonarist ideology and the Brazilian new right, which are part of the context of the rise of New Right populism at an international level.
The Supreme Federal Court Palace is the seat of the Supreme Federal Court, Brazilian highest appealing court and constitutional court. It was designed by architect Oscar Niemeyer and the structural project was carried out by engineer Joaquim Cardozo.
On 13 November 2024, the Praça dos Três Poderes in Brasília was struck by two explosions, leading to the isolation of the area and the mobilization of security forces to investigate possible threats to the seat of Brazilian powers. The area, where the National Congress of Brazil Palace, the Supreme Federal Court Palace and the Palácio do Planalto are located, was surrounded to carry out inspections and guarantee the protection of the facilities.
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