The Fox (Elton John album)

Last updated

The Fox
The fox (Elton John album) coverart.jpg
Studio album by
Elton John
Released20 May 1981
Recorded1979–1981 [1]
Studio
Genre Rock [2]
Length45:36
Label
Producer
Elton John chronology
21 at 33
(1980)		The Fox
(1981)		 Jump Up!
(1982)
Singles from The Fox
  1. "Nobody Wins"
    Released: April 1981 [3]
  2. "Just Like Belgium"
    Released: July 1981 (UK) [4]
  3. "Chloe"
    Released: July 1981 (US) [5]

The Fox is the fifteenth studio album by English musician Elton John. It was released on 20 May 1981, through Geffen Records in the US (John's first release for the label) and The Rocket Record Company in all other territories. The album was John's first to be produced by Chris Thomas, who would go on to produce many of John's albums throughout the 1980s and 1990s, as well as John and Clive Franks. In addition to material written and recorded specifically for the album, multiple tracks originated from the sessions for John's previous album, 21 at 33 (1980).

Contents

As with its predecessor, The Fox contains contributions from multiple lyricists. In addition to the four songs written with longtime writing partner Bernie Taupin, the album also contains material written with Gary Osborne and Tom Robinson. The songs encompass a wide range of genres, including the synthpop of "Nobody Wins", the classical piece "Carla/Etude", and a stripped-back ballad in "Elton's Song".

Released among legal troubles with John's previous label MCA Records, The Fox was seen as a commercial slump, only reaching number 12 in the UK and number 21 in the US. "Nobody Wins" was released as the album's lead single and failed to make the top 40 in the UK, though it did reach the top 30 in the US. Reviews were tentatively positive, with many critics viewing it as an improvement from previous releases, yet not on the level of John's best work. To promote the album, music videos were created for each track and were released on a video collection entitled Visions. Retrospective reviews have been more positive, with reviewers noting the ambitious nature and diversity of the album.

Background

After releasing Blue Moves in 1976, John and Taupin put their writing partnership on hold, with the both of them collaborating with other lyricists/artists. John wrote the entirety of A Single Man (1978) with lyricist Gary Osborne, while the poorly received Victim of Love (1979) consisted entirely of songs by outside songwriters. [6] [7] In the meantime, Taupin worked with Alice Cooper; the two co-wrote the album From the Inside (1978). [6] While in Grasse in 1979, John invited Taupin to begin collaborating on songs again, and three John-Taupin compositions appeared on John's next album 21 at 33. [8] Despite the reunion, John continued to work with other lyricists as well, including Osborne and fellow British songwriter Tom Robinson. [9]

After the release of 21 at 33 John left his longtime label MCA Records and signed with Geffen Records. Upon signing with the label, John had hopes of collaborating with John Lennon, with whom he had been friends since the mid-70s, and who was also a Geffen artist. However, Lennon would be shot and killed on 8 December 1980. [10]

Writing and recording

Drummer Nigel Olsson and bassist Dee Murray, both members of the "classic" Elton John Band lineup (pictured here performing with John in 1971), appear on The Fox, foreshadowing their eventual complete reunion on Too Low for Zero in 1983. Elton John in concert in 1971 (cropped).jpg
Drummer Nigel Olsson and bassist Dee Murray, both members of the "classic" Elton John Band lineup (pictured here performing with John in 1971), appear on The Fox, foreshadowing their eventual complete reunion on Too Low for Zero in 1983.

As with John's previous few albums, Clive Franks was selected to produce The Fox. However, Geffen rejected six of the songs on the completed album, and so John agreed to return to the studio to record new material on the condition that he could work with Chris Thomas as producer. [11] [12] [1] Among the songs cut was "The Man Who Never Died", an instrumental tribute to Lennon, which would later be released as the B-side to "Nikita" (1985). [11] Franks' dismissal came as a surprise, with the producer stating the news "made [him] physically sick", and the departure led to the dissolution of John and Franks' Frank N. Stein production company. [12] Despite this, Franks has continued to work with John since, being part of his live sound crew. [12]

Much of the lineup for this album was the same as the previous album, with John collaborating with lyricists Taupin, Osborne, and Robinson, and musicians including Nigel Olsson and Dee Murray from the 1970s lineup of the Elton John Band, as well as members of Toto. [13] On the material retained from the first version of the album, the rhythm section of Reggie McBride (bass) and Alvin Taylor (drums) was used. [13] In addition to Toto member Steve Lukather, guitarists on the album included Tim Renwick and Richie Zito. [14] Also appearing on the album was Reverend James Cleveland (with the Cornerstone Baptist Church Choir) on "Fascist Faces"; Cleveland had previously appeared on Blue Moves (1976). [2] [14]

Osborne has retrospectively described The Fox as "a bit of a dog's dinner", stating the material came from "all over the place", including songs left over from 21 at 33. [12] Writing for the album began in August 1979 in Grasse where three songs were started. [1] "Elton's Song" also dated back to 1979, having been performed on John's tour of the USSR. [15] "Breaking Down Barriers" stemmed from a 1980 BBC interview in which John was challenged to write a piece of music, on the spot, to the poem Devotions upon Emergent Occasions by John Donne. [16] The finished track features new lyrics by Osborne and minor alterations from its initial performance. [17] "Nobody Wins" uses the melody of "J'Veux d'la Tendresse" by Janic Prévost, which John had heard while in France in the summer of 1980. [18] Its lyrics were translated and altered by Osborne, who would later name it as his favorite of his collaborations between him and John. [18] "Carla" and "Etude" were originally two separate pieces before being joined as one track. [14]

The basic tracks for the three songs written in Grasse were recorded at Superbear Studios in Nice with Franks, while an instrumental segment was recorded at Davlen Studios in Los Angeles. [1] This recording continued at Abbey Road Studios in London, where the London Symphony Orchestra recorded their part (for "Carla/Etude") on New Year's Eve of 1979. [1] Work on the album would proceed in early 1980 at Sunset Sound Recorders as 21 at 33 was being completed; Sunset Sound would also be used for the replacement tracks recorded with Thomas. [1] Finally, Village Recorders would be used to record backing vocals for three of the album's tracks. [1] Ultimately, "Heart in the Right Place", "Carla/Etude", "Fanfare", "Chloe", and "Elton's Song" would be retained from the first version of the album, with the rest of the material being created after its initial rejection. [19] Recording sessions were marred by a period of depression for John. Osborne later recalled a month in which he and John were located in Paris for scheduled recording sessions, which would instead be spent "play[ing] poker and [taking] drugs for a month." [20] Compounding the bleak mood was the recent murder of Lennon; the tribute song "Empty Garden (Hey Hey Johnny)" was written the day after his death and would be released on Jump Up! (1982). [10] [21]

Composition

The songs on The Fox span a wide variety of genres, including pop rock, blues, technopop, orchestral music, and ballads. [2] Elizabeth Rosenthal, author of His Song: The Musical Journey of Elton John, considers the overarching theme of The Fox to be one of "sadness and disappointment", accentuated by the four-part suite which she believes to be the album's centerpiece. [3] This is contrasted with the more hopeful lyrical content of the album's bookends, "Breaking Down Barriers" and the title track. [3]

Side one

The album opens with "Breaking Down Barriers". Opening with "rapid piano arpeggiations", the track exerts what Rosenthal describes as a "blaring bravado", with a vocal performance alternating between a "barrel-sized" chest voice and a higher falsetto. [17] She describes the song's lyrical content as being sung from the point of view of a "protagonist [who], after years of living within a mental fortress", is "finally in touch with his feelings" and "unafraid to let love enter his mind and heart." [17] In a retrospective of the album for PopMatters , Rich Wilhelm calls the song an "engaging, piano-based rocker" while also noting elements of 1970s Philadelphia soul. [2] "Heart in the Right Place" is a blues-influenced track which has been interpreted as a critique of the British music press and its treatment of John at the time. [18] [15] Wilhelm describes the lyrics as "a venomous first-person narrative about a gossip columnist", accompanied by "appropriately snarling music." [2] "Just Like Belgium" is a more pop-based track whose lyrics have been described as "wistful", and a "breezy travelogue" centering on "memory and travel", while themes of nostalgia have also been noted. [2] [22] Colette Bertrand, credited in the liner notes as the "French Girl", provides a spoken part on the track. [23] [22]

Featuring a much more synthetic sound than the rest of the album, "Nobody Wins" has been described as "Euro-beat" and "straight-up technopop circa 1981". [24] [2] Rosenthal considers Osborne's lyrics to be a depiction of John's own turbulent upbringing and family life, and the lingering effects of such conflict. [17] Featuring simple production emphasizing synthesizers and programmed drums, "Nobody Wins" also sees John utilize a lower vocal register than in past work. [17] Wilhelm considers "Fascist Faces" to be the "hardest-rocking" track on the album, while Rosenthal likens it to a "rock-gospel protest song". [2] [22] The song has been interpreted as a comment on "anti-Communist hysteria", with a narrator who "resents being accused of Communist sympathies." [22] Additionally, some reviewers [24] have suggested the song may have been written as a comment on statements regarding Fascism made by David Bowie, particularly his infamous remark that "Britain could benefit from a fascist leader." Rosenthal also notes a sense of rising tension throughout the duration of the track, culminating in a final chorus in which John, Rev. James Cleveland and his choir "sing with outrage." [22]

Side two

The album's second side begins with the suite of "Carla/Etude" (itself made up of two pieces), "Fanfare", and "Chloe". Biographer David Buckley compares the suite to earlier works such as "Funeral for a Friend/Love Lies Bleeding" (from Goodbye Yellow Brick Road , 1973) and "Tonight" (from Blue Moves , 1976) due to its "dynamic marriage of instrumental music and song." [18] "Carla", named after Clive Franks' wife, is an instrumental piece featuring the London Symphony Orchestra. [18] Rosenthal describes the track as a "simple piano lament", with the accompanying instrumentation including strings, French horn, and flute. [14] This segues into "Fanfare", a short, synthesizer-based instrumental performed by James Newton Howard (which Rosenthal compares to New Age music) incorporating melodic elements of the following track. [14] The final part of the suite, "Chloe", is a Fender Rhodes-laced ballad which also continues the use of orchestration (arranged by Newton Howard and Marty Paich). [14] In an article ranking all of John's songs for Vulture , Shana Naomi Krochmal described the lyrical content as "a series of heartbroken and heartbreaking questions to a desperate lover", while Buckley notes the "confessional" tone of the words. [25] [18] Rosenthal considers the song to be particular downbeat and pessimistic, characterizing John's vocal delivery as being completely devoid of "any glimmer of happiness", a mood which is compounded by the "descending melody lines" and the "throaty utterance" of the name which provides the song's title at the conclusion of each verse. [14] The name "Chloe" was a nickname for a recent partner of John's at the time (real name Charles). [26]

Wilhelm finds "Heels of the Wind" to be a "catchy and lightweight tune", which contrasts with the lyrical content detailing "a relationship in peril". [2] Rosenthal interprets its lyrics as "the story of a person willingly living a life without purpose, motive, or dreams", while the music evokes the feelings of this "solitary" character, while also emphasizing the weaving of John's "in-flight piano" with Newton Howard's "happy-go-lucky synthesizer". [27] John would later describe "Elton's Song" as the "first gay song that I actually recorded as a homosexual song". [25] Over sparse instrumentation of piano and synthesizer, "Elton's Song" sets a story of a schoolboy's crush on another male student. [2] [15] Rosenthal likens the music to that of "Carla/Etude", while also finding that the song lacks the "modest glint of happiness" found in the latter piece, which serves to accentuate the song's themes of "despair and the isolation that attends a secret, unrequited love." [15] The album closes with the title track, which includes elements of gospel and country, the latter emphasized by prominent harmonica played by Mickey Raphael. [2] Wilhelm finds the song provides a "friendly" yet "enigmatic" close to the album, while Rosenthal characterizes its lyrics as a "biographical sketch" with themes of perseverance and pushing back against critical backlash. [2] [3]

Release

Legal troubles marred the release of The Fox. The album was originally supposed to be John's last for MCA Records, but his decision to instead release the album through Geffen meant he still owed his former label one more album to fulfill his contractual obligations. [28] In March 1981, John would deliver the six songs recorded with producer Thom Bell in 1977, three of which had already been released in alternate mixes on The Thom Bell Sessions (1979) and one of which appeared in truncated form on A Single Man (1978). [29] However, MCA would refuse to accept the album, nor were they willing to pay John the $1.3 million owed to him for delivery of his final album. [29] That same March, John, manager John Reid, and Sackville Productions would file suit against MCA, accusing the label of breach of contract for their refusal to accept the album and adequately promote it. [29] MCA would countersue, claiming the six songs delivered did not sufficiently constitute an album. [29] Additionally, MCA would also file suit against Geffen and Warner Bros., claiming they were entitled to compensation for the cost of recording the tracks made when John was still signed to MCA. [29] [11] MCA would also claim ownership of The Fox, and tried to file a restraining order against Geffen and Warner to prevent its release. [29] The application would ultimately be denied, and John was free to release The Fox on Geffen as intended. [29]

In April 1981, Geffen held a teleconference, conducted in a talk-show format (with John acting as its "host"), to promote the upcoming album. John lamented what he felt was his declining presence on FM radio and discussed his hopes that the new album would help him achieve renewed success on the format, citing "Fascist Faces" as a possible contender for FM radio play. [30] To further promote the album, music videos were created for each of the album's eleven tracks. [11] These clips would be compiled together into a VHS collection entitled Visions, released in October 1982. [31] While the video passed by mostly unnoticed, the clip for "Elton's Song" caused minor controversy due to its subject matter, depicting a student harboring a homosexual crush. Due to outcry from the headmaster of the public school in which the video was filmed, the clip was removed from the British release of Visions. [31]

Commercial performance

"Nobody Wins" was chosen as the album's first single. In the US, the song first charted on 9 May 1981, before reaching its peak of number 21 on 27 June. [31] In the UK, the song was less successful, narrowly missing the top 40 and stalling at number 42. [32] Osborne has attributed the single's lack of success in the UK to John's refusal to appear on Top of the Pops to promote it, as he was only willing to appear on the program if the single had already cracked the top 40. [33] For the French release, John chose to record the original version of the song, following up on the success of his duets with France Gall the previous year. [4] "Fools in Fashion", a John-Taupin song cut from the original tracklisting of The Fox, was included on the single's B-side. [4] "Chloe" was chosen as the album's second US single and was released later in the summer of 1981. While it was another top 40 hit, reaching number 34, it still failed to match the success of John's singles from his previous few releases such as "Little Jeannie" from 21 at 33 and "Mama Can't Buy You Love" from The Thom Bell Sessions, both of which made the top 10. [4] In the UK, the album's second single was "Just Like Belgium", which failed to chart. [4] The B-side to "Chloe" featuring the song "Tortured" (written with Taupin), while "Just Like Belgium" was backed with the country-influenced "Can't Get Over Getting Over Losing You" (written with Osborne). [4]

Despite the extensive promotional efforts, The Fox was seen as a commercial slump for John. [30] John's decision against touring through 1981 limited the promotion of the album, which was compounded by a relatively low number of television appearances made by the musician at the time as well. [2] While the album did spend nineteen weeks on the US Billboard 200, it failed to receive a Gold certification or make the top 20, stalling at number 21. [31] [34] The Fox fared slightly better in the UK, reaching number 12 and spending twelve weeks on the chart, a performance comparable to that of 21 at 33. [31] [35] The album was much more successful in Australia, peaking at number 4 and ultimately selling over 600,000 copies. [36] [37]

Critical reception

Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic Star full.svgStar full.svgStar half.svgStar empty.svgStar empty.svg [24]
The Encyclopedia of Popular Music Star full.svgStar full.svgStar empty.svgStar empty.svgStar empty.svg [38]
Record Mirror Star full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar empty.svg [39]
Rolling Stone Star full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar empty.svgStar empty.svg [40]
Smash Hits 5/10 [41]

Reviews for The Fox tended to range from mixed to positive. [30] [12] [11] Billboard picked The Fox as its "spotlight" album for the issue dated 30 May 1981, calling it "one of John's more consistently satisfying LPs in recent times." "Nobody Wins", "Chloe", "Breaking Down Barriers", and "The Fox" were selected as highlights. [42] Robin Smith praised the album in a review for Record Mirror , stating the album shows John "still has his finger on the pulse of what should be happening" and avoids feeling too "comfortable". Smith highlighted "Breaking Down Barriers" as "fleet footed and cunning", as well as describing the "Carla/Etude–Fanfare–Chloe" suite as "tasteful pieces of schmaltz that hit all the right places". [39]

Stephen Holden of Rolling Stone felt that the large number of writing partners on the album helps to take John's material into "several complementary directions". While he criticized Taupin's lyrics on "Just Like Belgium", "Fascist Faces", and the title track, feeling their "pretentious similes" and "purple imagery" got in the way of the songs' "streamlined melodies", he was more enthusiastic towards "Heels of the Wind", calling it a "hard-kicking anthem about the freedom of the road" which lacked the "literary heaviness" of the other three John-Taupin tracks. Holden also noted the growth of the John-Osborne writing partnership, declaring "Breaking Down Barriers" to be the duo's "most spirited achievement to date", while praising "Heart in the Right Place" for "evok[ing] rock-star petulance with an amusingly light-handed bitchiness." While Holden found "Elton's Song" to be the album's lyrical high point, he felt its "tune is too fragmented to nail down the poignantly direct sentiments." [40]

Some reviews were more mixed. Robin Katz was more critical of the album in Smash Hits , giving it a rating of 5/10 and criticizing Osborne's lyrics for its "all-too-obvious themes" and Taupin's for their "wordy philosophies". [41] Lindsay Planer was is apprehensive towards the album in his retrospective review for AllMusic, stating that its "dithering musical styles" lead to "an uneven and at times somewhat dated sound." However, he also feels that the album continued to build momentum for John leading up to his eventual comeback with Too Low for Zero (1983). Additionally, he feels that the John-Osborne partnership was beginning to yield "impressive results" with "Heart in the Right Place", while also naming "Fascist Faces" and the title track as stronger points on the album. [24]

In a 2020 list for The Quietus , Scissor Sisters vocalist Jake Shears named The Fox among his thirteen favourite albums, particularly praising the "Carla/Etude–Fanfare–Chloe" medley. [43]

Track listing

Side one
No.TitleWriter(s)Producer(s)Length
1."Breaking Down Barriers"
 Chris Thomas 4:40
2."Heart in the Right Place"
  • John
  • Osborne
  • John
  • Clive Franks
5:13
3."Just Like Belgium"
Thomas4:08
4."Nobody Wins"
  • Jean-Paul Dréau
  • Osborne
Thomas3:42
5."Fascist Faces"
  • John
  • Taupin
Thomas5:10
Total length:22:53
Side two
No.TitleWriter(s)Producer(s)Length
1."Carla/Etude"John
  • John
  • Franks
4:45
2."Fanfare"
  • John
  • Franks
1:26
3."Chloe"
  • John
  • Osborne
  • John
  • Franks
4:39
4."Heels of the Wind"
  • John
  • Taupin
Thomas3:37
5."Elton's Song"
  • John
  • Franks
3:03
6."The Fox"
  • John
  • Taupin
Thomas5:13
Total length:22:43

Note: Some CD editions of the album combine "Carla/Etude", "Fanfare", and "Chloe" into one track, while others combine the first two tracks while separating "Chloe".

Personnel

Credits adapted from album liner notes: [23] [44]

  • Cornerstone Baptist Church Choir on "Fascist Faces"

Charts

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References

Sources

Citations

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Rosenthal 2001, p. 203
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Wilhelm, Rich (20 May 2021). "A Fascinating Cross: Elton John's 'The Fox' at 40". PopMatters. Retrieved 15 December 2024.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Rosenthal 2001, p. 208
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Rosenthal 2001, p. 212
  5. ↑ "A New Hit from Elton John" (PDF). Radio & Records. No. 391. 17 July 1981. p. 2. Retrieved 15 December 2024.
  6. 1 2 Coffman, Tim (2 October 2023). "The first album Elton John wrote without Bernie Taupin". Far Out. Retrieved 27 December 2024.
  7. ↑ Springer, Matt (2 June 2019). "Is 'Victim of Love' Elton John's Worst Album?". Ultimate Classic Rock. Retrieved 27 December 2024.
  8. ↑ Rosenthal 2001, p. 178
  9. ↑ Buckley 2013, p. 259
  10. 1 2 Buckley 2013, p. 271
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 Parkinson 2003, p. 121
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 Buckley 2013, p. 267
  13. 1 2 Rosenthal 2001, p. 203-204
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Rosenthal 2001, p. 204
  15. 1 2 3 4 Rosenthal 2001, p. 205
  16. ↑ Rosenthal 2001, p.205-206
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 Rosenthal 2001, p. 206
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Buckley 2013, p. 268
  19. ↑ Rosenthal 2001, p. 204-205
  20. ↑ Buckley 2013, p. 266
  21. ↑ Parkinson 2003, p. 120
  22. 1 2 3 4 5 Rosenthal 2001, p. 207
  23. 1 2 Tobler, John (2003). The Fox (liner notes). The Rocket Record Company. Rocket 077 113-2.
  24. 1 2 3 4 Planer, Lindsay. "The Fox – Elton John". AllMusic. Retrieved 24 December 2024.
  25. 1 2 Krochmal, Shana Naomi (22 June 2023). "All 378 Elton John Songs, Ranked". Vulture. Retrieved 26 December 2024.
  26. ↑ Buckley 2013, p. 265
  27. ↑ Rosenthal 2001, p. 207-208
  28. ↑ Rosenthal 2001, p. 208-209
  29. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Rosenthal 2001, p. 209
  30. 1 2 3 Rosenthal 2001, p. 210
  31. 1 2 3 4 5 Rosenthal 2001, p. 211
  32. ↑ "Nobody Wins – Elton John". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 25 December 2024.
  33. ↑ Buckley 2013, p. 269
  34. ↑ "Elton John Chart History". Billboard. Retrieved 26 December 2024.
  35. ↑ "Elton John Songs and Albums". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 26 December 2024.
  36. 1 2 3 Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992 (illustrated ed.). St Ives, N.S.W.: Australian Chart Book. ISBN   0-646-11917-6.
  37. ↑ "Major fight economics with quirky rock originals". Billboard. 12 June 1982. Retrieved 22 September 2018.
  38. ↑ Larkin, Colin (2006). The Encyclopedia of Popular Music. Vol. 4 (4 ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 638. ISBN   0-19-531373-9.
  39. 1 2 Smith, Robin (30 May 1981). "Hair to Stay" (PDF). Record Mirror. p. 16. Retrieved 24 December 2024.
  40. 1 2 Holden, Stephen (6 August 1981). "The Fox". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 24 December 2024.
  41. 1 2 Katz, Robin (11 June 1981). "Elton John – The Fox (Rocket)" (PDF). Smash Hits. Vol. 3, no. 2. p. 29. Retrieved 24 December 2024.
  42. ↑ "Spotlight: Elton John – The Fox" (PDF). Billboard. 30 May 1981. Retrieved 24 December 2024.
  43. ↑ Wade, Ian (10 June 2020). "Feel Like Dancin'? Jake Shears' Favourite Albums". The Quietus. p. 8. Retrieved 1 January 2025.
  44. ↑ The Fox (liner notes). MCA Records. 1992. MCAR-10497.
  45. ↑ "Austriancharts.at – Elton John – The Fox" (in German). Hung Medien. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
  46. ↑ "Top RPM Albums: Issue 0347". RPM . Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
  47. ↑ "Dutchcharts.nl – Elton John – The Fox" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
  48. ↑ "Offiziellecharts.de – Elton John – The Fox" (in German). GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
  49. ↑ "Charts.nz – Elton John – The Fox". Hung Medien. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
  50. ↑ "Norwegiancharts.com – Elton John – The Fox". Hung Medien. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
  51. ↑ "Swedishcharts.com – Elton John – The Fox". Hung Medien. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
  52. ↑ "Official Albums Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
  53. ↑ "Elton John Chart History (Billboard 200)". Billboard. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
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