The Scotts

Last updated
"The Scotts"
The Scotts - The Scotts.png
Single by the Scotts
ReleasedApril 24, 2020
Length2:45
Label
Songwriter(s)
Producer(s)
Travis Scott singles chronology
"Turks"
(2020)
"The Scotts"
(2020)
"TKN"
(2020)
Kid Cudi singles chronology
"Leader of the Delinquents"
(2020)
"The Scotts"
(2020)
"The Adventures of Moon Man & Slim Shady"
(2020)

"The Scotts" (stylized in all caps) is a song by American hip hop super-duo the Scotts, composed of rappers and singers Travis Scott and Kid Cudi. [1] It was released in various formats, including on 7-inch vinyl, cassette and as a CD single through Epic, Cactus Jack and Wicked Awesome on April 24, 2020. [2] [3] [4] The song release was supported by four different visuals on YouTube. [5]

Contents

The song debuted atop the Billboard Hot 100, for the chart dated May 9, 2020, becoming Scott's third US number-one single, following "Sicko Mode" and "Highest in the Room". For Cudi it was his first US number-one single [6] and his first hit song since Day 'n' Nite eleven years prior. [7]

Both artists had previously collaborated on Scott's "Through the Late Night" and "Way Back" on Birds in the Trap Sing McKnight (2016), Cudi's "Baptized in Fire" on Passion, Pain & Demon Slayin' (2016), and Scott's "Stop Trying to Be God" on Astroworld (2018). [8] On September 3, 2021, Kid Cudi stated via Twitter that a full-length "The Scotts" album was in store for the future, though he noted that he did not know when it would happen, only that it would at some point. [9] He reiterated this in July 2023 following the release of Scott's fourth studio album Utopia , after previously stating in December 2022 that they were no longer working on the album. [10] [11]

Background and promotion

On April 20, 2020, it was reported that Scott teamed up with Fortnite Battle Royale to start a virtual tour through the game called "Astronomical" starting on April 23 until April 25. [12] The rapper would premiere and play a new song at several different times during the game. [13] Players of the game got to hear snippets of the song before its official release. [14] In total, the concert was witnessed by an audience of over 12 million players. [15] On April 23, Scott revealed the cover art of the song on his Instagram and announced that the song would feature Kid Cudi. [16] The song title is a reference to Scott's stage surname and Cudi's real first name, who inspired Scott to take the name in the first place. [17] The cover art of the single was created by American artist Kaws. [18]

Critical reception

To Charles Holmes of Rolling Stone , the song felt "like a symbolic passing of the torch" after Scott's longstanding admiration for Cudi's work but eventually thought that "the results are mixed" despite having been "very hyped" beforehand. [19] Rap-Up described the song as an "explosive banger" with Scott igniting "the two-minute track while Cudder keeps the fire burning". [3]

Chart performance

"The Scotts" debuted at number one the Billboard Hot 100 on the week of May 9, 2020. The song became Scott's 3rd number one single and Cudi's first. The song also made Scott the sixth artist in history to have multiple songs that debuted at number one following Mariah Carey, Britney Spears, Justin Bieber, Drake and Ariana Grande. [6]

Personnel

Credits adapted from Tidal. [20]

Charts

Certifications

RegionCertification Certified units/sales
Australia (ARIA) [64] Gold35,000
Austria (IFPI Austria) [65] Gold15,000
Brazil (Pro-Música Brasil) [66] 2× Platinum80,000
Canada (Music Canada) [67] 2× Platinum160,000
Denmark (IFPI Danmark) [68] Gold45,000
France (SNEP) [69] Gold100,000
Italy (FIMI) [70] Gold35,000
Mexico (AMPROFON) [71] Gold30,000
New Zealand (RMNZ) [72] Gold15,000
Poland (ZPAV) [73] Platinum20,000
Portugal (AFP) [74] Platinum10,000
Spain (PROMUSICAE) [75] Gold30,000
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland) [76] Gold10,000
United Kingdom (BPI) [77] Silver200,000
United States (RIAA) [78] Platinum1,000,000
Streaming
Greece (IFPI Greece) [79] Platinum2,000,000

Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
Streaming-only figures based on certification alone.

Release history

RegionDateFormatLabelRef.
VariousApril 24, 2020
[1] [80]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Day 'n' Nite</span> 2008 single by Kid Cudi

"Day 'n' Nite" is a song by American rapper Kid Cudi. The song was written and produced by Cudi alongside his longtime collaborator and friend, Brooklyn-based producer Dot da Genius. It was issued as Cudi's commercial debut single on February 5, 2008, but had initially been released on Cudi's MySpace page and later featured on several music blogs in November 2007.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kid Cudi discography</span> Hip hop recording artist discography

The discography of American rapper Kid Cudi consists of ten studio albums, one compilation album, one box set, three extended plays (EPs), one mixtape, 32 singles, eight promotional singles and 32 music videos, the details of which are included in his videography.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Memories (David Guetta song)</span> 2010 single by David Guetta

"Memories" is a song by French disc jockey David Guetta featuring American rapper Kid Cudi. Written alongside Frédéric Riesterer, who produced it with Guetta, it was released in February 2010 as the fourth single from his fourth studio album, One Love. The song became a top five hit in Guetta's native of France as well as Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Australia, the Netherlands, Finland, Poland, New Zealand, and Ireland; it charted within the top ten in Germany, Hungary, Switzerland, and Denmark, with the song reaching a peak of 46 in Cudi's native of the US, where it also achieved platinum certification by the RIAA. The music video was filmed in Miami and directed by Keith Schofield.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Frank Ocean discography</span>

American singer Frank Ocean has released two studio albums, one visual album, one mixtape, 21 singles and eight music videos.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Goosebumps (Travis Scott song)</span> 2016 single by Travis Scott featuring Kendrick Lamar

"Goosebumps" is a song by American rapper Travis Scott featuring fellow American rapper Kendrick Lamar. It was sent to rhythmic radio on December 13, 2016, by Grand Hustle Records and Epic Records as the third single from Scott's second studio album, Birds in the Trap Sing McKnight.

"Portland" is a song by Canadian rapper Drake featuring American rappers Quavo and Travis Scott from the former's mixtape More Life. The song was sent to rhythmic crossover radio on May 16, 2017 as the fourth single from the tape. The song also appears in the video game NBA 2K18.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Know No Better (song)</span> 2017 single by Major Lazer featuring Travis Scott, Camila Cabello and Quavo

"Know No Better" is a song by DJ trio Major Lazer featuring Cuban-American singer Camila Cabello and American rappers Travis Scott and Quavo. It was released on June 1, 2017, as the lead single of the former's EP of the same name. The song was written by the featured artists alongside Starrah, Major Lazer member Diplo, and King Henry, the latter two producing it with Jr Blender.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Butterfly Effect (Travis Scott song)</span> 2017 single by Travis Scott

"Butterfly Effect" is a song by American rapper and singer Travis Scott. It was released by Epic Records on May 15, 2017, as the lead single from Scott's third studio album, Astroworld (2018). The song was written by Scott with Murda Beatz and Felix Leone.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sicko Mode</span> 2018 single by Travis Scott featuring Drake

"Sicko Mode" is a song by American rapper Travis Scott. It features vocals from Canadian rapper Drake, who was credited on Apple Music but not on the Billboard Hot 100 or Spotify. It was originally released by Epic Records on August 3, 2018, as the third track from Astroworld (2018), before being released as the second single on August 21. It features additional uncredited vocals by fellow American rappers Swae Lee and the late Big Hawk.

"Stop Trying to Be God" is a song by American rapper Travis Scott from his third studio album Astroworld (2018). The song features additional vocals from Kid Cudi, James Blake, Philip Bailey of the band Earth, Wind & Fire and Stevie Wonder, who plays harmonica on the track as well. The song was written by Blake, Scott, J Beatzz, Mike Dean, and CuBeatz, being produced by all but the former.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wow (Post Malone song)</span> 2018 single by Post Malone

"Wow" is a song by American rapper and singer Post Malone, released as the lead single from his third studio album, Hollywood's Bleeding (2019), via Republic Records on December 24, 2018. The song was written by Malone alongside Billy Walsh, Anthoine Walters, Carl Rosen, and producers Louis Bell and Frank Dukes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">The London</span> 2019 single by Young Thug featuring J. Cole and Travis Scott

"The London" is a song by American rapper Young Thug featuring fellow American rappers J. Cole and Travis Scott. It was released on May 23, 2019 by Atlantic Records and 300 Entertainment as the lead single from Young Thug's debut studio album So Much Fun on May 23, 2019. Written alongside Babyface and producer T-Minus, it was nominated for Best Rap/Sung Performance at the 62nd Grammy Awards.

Take a Daytrip is an American record production and songwriting duo composed of Denzel Baptiste (born January 9, 1993) and David Biral. They are best known for producing singles such as Sheck Wes' "Mo Bamba", Lil Nas X's "Panini", "Montero ", and "Industry Baby", Juice Wrld's "Legends", and Travis Scott and Kid Cudi's "The Scotts", all of which peaked in the top 30 of the Billboard Hot 100.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Highest in the Room</span> 2019 single by Travis Scott

"Highest in the Room" is a song by American rapper Travis Scott. It was released as a single on October 4, 2019. It was released in a variety of formats, including on 7-inch vinyl, cassette and as a CD single. In its first week, it debuted atop the Billboard Hot 100, for the chart dated October 19, 2019, becoming Scott's second US number-one single, following "Sicko Mode". A remix featuring Spanish singer Rosalía and American rapper Lil Baby was released on December 27, 2019, and featured on Scott and other Cactus Jack members' compilation album JackBoys (2019) on the same day, while the original release remains off the compilation. The remix version was released to Italian contemporary hit radio on January 7, 2020. The song received a nomination for Best Melodic Rap Performance at the 63rd Annual Grammy Awards.

"Take What You Want" is a song by American rapper and singer Post Malone featuring British singer Ozzy Osbourne and fellow American rapper and singer Travis Scott. Written alongside Billy Walsh and producers Louis Bell & Andrew Watt, the song appears on the former's third studio album, Hollywood's Bleeding (2019), later appearing as a bonus track on Osbourne's twelfth studio album Ordinary Man (2020). The song was serviced to US contemporary hit radio on October 15, 2019, as the sixth single from the aforementioned album.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">After Party (song)</span> 2020 single by Don Toliver

"After Party" is a song by American rapper and singer Don Toliver, released on June 23, 2020, by Cactus Jack Records, Atlantic Records and We Run It Entertainment, as the fourth single from his debut studio album, Heaven or Hell (2020).

"Hate the Other Side" is a song by American rapper Juice Wrld and American producer Marshmello featuring American rapper Polo G and Australian rapper the Kid Laroi, released on July 10, 2020, as the ninth track from Juice's posthumous third studio album Legends Never Die.

"Moon" is a song by American rapper Kanye West from his tenth studio album, Donda (2021). The song features fellow American rappers Don Toliver and Kid Cudi. It initially only had an appearance from Toliver, however Kid Cudi was added after the album's first listening event. The song peaked at number 17 on the US Billboard Hot 100, also reaching number 7 on the US Hot R&B/Hip Hop Songs chart.

"Praise God" is a song by American rapper Kanye West from his tenth studio album Donda (2021). The song features vocals from fellow American rappers Travis Scott and Baby Keem. It also features additional vocals from West's late mother, Donda West, for whom the album is named. The song peaked at number 20 on the US Billboard Hot 100, alongside reaching number 10 on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart and the top of the US Gospel and Christian Songs charts.

"Mafia" is a song by American rapper and singer Travis Scott. It was released on November 5, 2021, concurrently with another single, "Escape Plan", which are both a part of a conjoined single titled Escape Plan / Mafia. The song was written by Travis Scott alongside producers Boi-1da and Jahaan Sweet; with additional writing credits going to J. Cole, who provides additional vocals throughout the song.

References

  1. 1 2 Murphy, Chris (April 24, 2020). "Travis Scott & Kid Cudi Release New Single "The Scotts"". Vulture. Vox Media, LLC. Retrieved April 24, 2020.
  2. Espinoza, Joshua (April 24, 2020). "Stream Travis Scott and Kid Cudi's New Song "The Scotts"". Complex . Retrieved April 24, 2020.
  3. 1 2 "Travis Scott and Kid Cudi Drop "The Scotts" Collaboration". Rap-Up . April 24, 2020. Retrieved April 24, 2020.
  4. Ingvaldsen, Torsten (April 24, 2020). "Travis Scott Drops More 'Fortnite' Astronomical Tour Merch". Hypebeast . Retrieved April 26, 2020.
  5. Bloom, Madison (April 24, 2020). "Travis Scott and Kid Cudi Drop New Song "The Scotts": Listen". Pitchfork . Retrieved April 26, 2020.
  6. 1 2 Trust, Gary (May 4, 2020). "Travis Scott & Kid Cudi's 'The Scotts' Debuts at No. 1 on Hot 100, Megan Thee Stallion's 'Savage' Soars to Top Five". Billboard. Retrieved May 4, 2020.
  7. "Kid Cudi Earns The First No. 1 Hit Of His Career With Travis Scott Collaboration "The Scotts"". Genius. Retrieved 2024-04-01.
  8. Langford, Jackson (April 24, 2020). "Travis Scott and Kid Cudi release new single "The Scotts"". NME . Retrieved April 26, 2020.
  9. "Kid Cudi Speaks About 'The Scotts' Collab Album With Travis Scott for the First Time in Months". HYPEBEAST. 2021-09-04. Retrieved 2021-09-09.
  10. https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/699092-kid-cudi-the-scotts-announcement
  11. "Kid Cudi Will No Longer Release a Joint Album With Travis Scott". HYPEBEAST. 2022-12-21. Retrieved December 21, 2022.
  12. Kain, Eric (April 22, 2020). "'Fortnite' Travis Scott Concert: Dates, Venue Location And How To Watch — Plus Everything You Need To Know". Forbes . Retrieved April 24, 2020.
  13. "Announcing the Fortnite and Travis Scott Event: Astronomical". Epic Games . April 20, 2020. Retrieved April 24, 2020.
  14. Aniftos, Rania (April 23, 2020). "Travis Scott & Kid Cudi Tease New Song 'The Scotts' on Fortnite". Billboard . Retrieved April 24, 2020.
  15. Stuart, Keith (April 24, 2020). "More than 12m players watch Travis Scott concert in Fortnite". The Guardian . Retrieved April 26, 2020.
  16. Bloom, Madison (April 23, 2020). "Travis Scott and Kid Cudi Dropping New Song "The Scotts" Tonight". Pitchfork. Retrieved April 24, 2020.
  17. Rettig, James (April 23, 2020). "Travis Scott & Kid Cudi – "The Scotts"". Stereogum . Retrieved April 24, 2020.
  18. Kinane, Ruth (April 24, 2020). "Travis Scott and Kid Cudi team up for new single "The Scotts"". Entertainment Weekly . Retrieved April 26, 2020.
  19. Holmes, Charles (April 24, 2020). "Kid Cudi and Travis Scott Release "The Scotts" to Fortnite Fanfare". Rolling Stone . Retrieved April 26, 2020.
  20. "THE SCOTTS / THE SCOTTS". Tidal . Retrieved April 24, 2020.
  21. 1 2 Johnson, Zoe (April 24, 2020). "Travis Scott Premieres New Song "The Scotts" With Kid Cudi". XXL . Retrieved April 24, 2020.
  22. "Austriancharts.at – The Scotts [Travis Scott & Kid Cudi] – The Scotts". ARIA Top 50 Singles . Retrieved May 7, 2020.
  23. "Austriancharts.at – The Scotts [Travis Scott & Kid Cudi] – The Scotts". Ö3 Austria Top 40 . Retrieved May 7, 2020.
  24. "Ultratop.be – The Scotts [Travis Scott & Kid Cudi] – The Scotts" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50 . Retrieved May 8, 2020.
  25. "Ultratop.be – The Scotts [Travis Scott & Kid Cudi] – The Scotts" (in French). Ultratop 50 . Retrieved May 1, 2020.
  26. "Travis Scott Chart History (Canadian Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
  27. "ČNS IFPI" (in Czech). Hitparáda – Digital Top 100 Oficiální. IFPI Czech Republic. Note: Change the chart to CZ – SINGLES DIGITAL – TOP 100 and insert 202019 into search. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  28. "Austriancharts.at – The Scotts [Travis Scott & Kid Cudi] – The Scotts". Hitlisten . Retrieved May 7, 2020.
  29. "EESTI TIPP-40 MUUSIKAS: Mängu "Fortnite" toel on Travis Scott taas kõrgel tabelis". Eesti Ekspress (in Estonian). Retrieved May 7, 2020.
  30. "The Scotts,Travis Scott,Kid Cudi: The Scotts" (in Finnish). Musiikkituottajat. Retrieved May 10, 2020.
  31. "Austriancharts.at – The Scotts [Travis Scott & Kid Cudi] – The Scotts". SNEP . Retrieved May 7, 2020.
  32. "Offiziellecharts.de – The Scotts [Travis Scott & Kid Cudi] – The Scotts" (in German). GfK Entertainment Charts . Retrieved May 5, 2020.
  33. "Travis Scott Chart History (Global 200)". Billboard. Retrieved September 19, 2020.
  34. "Official IFPI Charts – Digital Singles Chart (International) – Week: 18/2020". IFPI Greece . Retrieved May 12, 2020.
  35. "Archívum – Slágerlisták – MAHASZ" (in Hungarian). Single (track) Top 40 lista. Magyar Hanglemezkiadók Szövetsége. Retrieved May 7, 2020.
  36. "Archívum – Slágerlisták – MAHASZ" (in Hungarian). Stream Top 40 slágerlista. Magyar Hanglemezkiadók Szövetsége. Retrieved May 7, 2020.
  37. "Tónlistinn – Lög" [The Music – Songs] (in Icelandic). Plötutíðindi. Archived from the original on May 14, 2020. Retrieved July 6, 2021.
  38. "Official Irish Singles Chart Top 50". Official Charts Company. Retrieved May 1, 2020.
  39. "Austriancharts.at – The Scotts [Travis Scott & Kid Cudi] – The Scotts". Top Digital Download . Retrieved May 7, 2020.
  40. "2020 18-os SAVAITĖS (balandžio 24-30 d.) SINGLŲ TOP100" (in Lithuanian). AGATA. May 4, 2020. Retrieved May 4, 2020.
  41. "Top 20 Most Streamed International & Domestic Singles In Malaysia". Recording Industry Association of Malaysia . Recording Industry Association of Malaysia. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  42. "Dutchcharts.nl – The Scotts [Travis Scott & Kid Cudi] – The Scotts" (in Dutch). Single Top 100 . Retrieved May 8, 2020.
  43. "Austriancharts.at – The Scotts [Travis Scott & Kid Cudi] – The Scotts". Top 40 Singles . Retrieved May 7, 2020.
  44. "Austriancharts.at – The Scotts [Travis Scott & Kid Cudi] – The Scotts". VG-lista . Retrieved May 7, 2020.
  45. "Portuguesecharts.com – The Scotts [Travis Scott & Kid Cudi] – The Scotts". AFP Top 100 Singles . Retrieved May 7, 2020.
  46. "Airplay 100 – 7 iunie 2020" (in Romanian). Kiss FM. June 7, 2020. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
  47. "RIAS International Top Charts Week 18". Recording Industry Association (Singapore). Archived from the original on May 5, 2020.
  48. "ČNS IFPI" (in Slovak). Hitparáda – Singles Digital Top 100 Oficiálna. IFPI Czech Republic. Note: Select SINGLES DIGITAL - TOP 100 and insert 202018 into search. Retrieved October 3, 2020.
  49. "Austriancharts.at – The Scotts [Travis Scott & Kid Cudi] – The Scotts". Canciones Top 50 . Retrieved May 7, 2020.
  50. "Austriancharts.at – The Scotts [Travis Scott & Kid Cudi] – The Scotts". Sverigetopplistan . Retrieved May 7, 2020.
  51. "Swisscharts.com – The Scotts [Travis Scott & Kid Cudi] – The Scotts". Swiss Singles Chart . Retrieved May 3, 2020.
  52. "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved May 1, 2020.
  53. "Travis Scott Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
  54. "Travis Scott Chart History (Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
  55. "Travis Scott Chart History (Pop Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved June 15, 2020.
  56. "Travis Scott Chart History (Rhythmic)". Billboard. Retrieved June 22, 2020.
  57. "Top 100 Songs". Rolling Stone . April 24, 2020. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
  58. "Canadian Hot 100 – Year-End 2020". Billboard. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
  59. "Stream Top 100 - darabszám alapján - 2020". Mahasz . Retrieved March 3, 2022.
  60. "Schweizer Jahreshitparade 2020". hitparade.ch. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  61. "Hot 100 Songs – Year-End 2020". Billboard. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
  62. "Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs – Year-End 2020". Billboard. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
  63. "Rhythmic Songs – Year-End 2020". Billboard. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
  64. "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2020 Singles" (PDF). Australian Recording Industry Association . Retrieved April 26, 2021.
  65. "Austrian single certifications – The Scotts, Travis Scott & Kid Cudi – The Scotts" (in German). IFPI Austria. Retrieved March 10, 2021.
  66. "Brazilian single certifications – The Scotts, Travis Scott & Kid Cudi – The Scotts" (in Portuguese). Pro-Música Brasil . Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  67. "Canadian single certifications – The Scotts, Travis Scott & Kid Cudi – The Scotts". Music Canada . Retrieved September 30, 2021.
  68. "Danish single certifications – The Scotts (Travis Scott & Kid Cudi) – The Scotts". IFPI Danmark . Retrieved October 1, 2021.
  69. "French single certifications – The Scotts, Travis Scott & Kid Cudi – The Scotts" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique . Retrieved October 1, 2021.
  70. "Italian single certifications – The Scotts, Travis Scott & Kid Cudi – The Scotts" (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana . Retrieved August 17, 2020.
  71. "Certificaciones" (in Spanish). Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas . Retrieved July 22, 2020.Type The Scotts, Travis Scott & Kid Cudi in the box under the ARTISTA column heading and The Scotts in the box under the TÍTULO column heading.
  72. "New Zealand single certifications – The Scotts (Travis Scott and Kid Cudi) – The Scotts". Recorded Music NZ . Retrieved October 5, 2021.
  73. "Wyróżnienia – Platynowe płyty CD - Archiwum - Przyznane w 2021 roku" (in Polish). Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry . Retrieved February 10, 2021.
  74. "Portuguese single certifications – The Scotts, Travis Scott & Kid Cudi – The Scotts" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Associação Fonográfica Portuguesa . Retrieved October 3, 2021.
  75. "Spanish single certifications – The Scotts, Travis Scott & Kid Cudi – The Scotts". El portal de Música. Productores de Música de España . Retrieved February 26, 2024.
  76. "The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community: Awards ('The Scotts')". IFPI Switzerland. Hung Medien. Retrieved March 10, 2021.
  77. "British single certifications – Scotts/Travis Scott/Kid Cudi – The Scotts". British Phonographic Industry . Retrieved May 23, 2021.
  78. "American single certifications – The Scotts, Travis Scott & Kid Cudi – The Scotts". Recording Industry Association of America . Retrieved July 2, 2020.
  79. "IFPI Charts – Digital Singles Chart (International) – Εβδομάδα: 9/2021" (in Greek). IFPI Greece . Retrieved October 26, 2021.
  80. "TRAVIS SCOTT". Travis Scott Shop. Archived from the original on 2020-04-24. Retrieved August 18, 2020.