Treaty Principles Bill

Last updated

Principles of the Treaty of Waitangi Bill
Coat of arms of New Zealand.svg
New Zealand Parliament [1]
Citation Principles of the Treaty of Waitangi Bill 2024 (NZ).
Territorial extent New Zealand
Legislative history
Introduced by David Seymour [1]
Committee responsibleJustice Select Committee [1]
First reading 14 November 2024 [1]
Voting summary
  • 68 voted for
  • 54 voted against
  • 1 absent
Status: Pending — before

The Principles of the Treaty of Waitangi Bill, commonly known as the Treaty Principles Bill, is a government bill [1] promoted by David Seymour of the ACT New Zealand party. It aims to define the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi and put them to a nationwide referendum for confirmation. [2] Prior to the 2023 New Zealand general election, ACT had campaigned against the Sixth Labour Government's co-governance policies and advocated a binding referendum on co-governance. [3]

Contents

The bill has sparked significant controversy in New Zealand society. National-led coalition government partners National and New Zealand First will not support the bill past a first reading by a select committee. [4] The bill has drawn criticism from opposition parties Labour, Green, and Te Pāti Māori, as well as Māori leaders and bodies including the Waitangi Tribunal. Some legal critics have argued the Bill undermines Māori rights and disrupts established interpretations of the Treaty, and have called the Government to abandon it. [5] ACT and Seymour say the current principles have distorted the original intent of the treaty and created different rights for some New Zealanders, resulting in Māori having different political and legal rights and privileges compared with non-Māori, and provides an opportunity for parliament, rather than the courts, to define the principles of the treaty. A 1News-Verian poll conducted from 30th November to 4th December 2024 showed that 23% of participants support the bill, 36% oppose it and 39% say they don't know enough about the bill. [6]

On 14 November, the Treaty Principles Bill passed its first reading in Parliament. [7] On 19 November, the select committee called for public submissions on the bill with a closing date of 7 January 2025, later extended to 14 January 2025. [8] [9] All submissions will be published on a parliamentary website in due course.

Speaking at Rātana Pā on 24 January 2025, Prime Minister Christopher Luxon said "National won't support the bill, it will be voted down and it won't become law" and also ruled out a referendum while he is prime minister. [10] [11] Coalition partner leader Winston Peters also stated the bill is "dead in the water". [10] Leader of the opposition Labour Party Chris Hipkins said "we've got one more month of submissions and then the bill will be killed". [12] There is now no prospect of the bill gaining sufficient political support to pass in parliament. The select committee hearings will continue nonetheless and commenced with oral submissions on 27 January 2025. [13]

Treaty of Waitangi

The Treaty of Waitangi was signed in 1840 by representatives of the British Crown and Māori chiefs. Notably, 39 chiefs signed the English version of the Treaty, while over 500 signed the Māori version, which is referred to as Te Tiriti o Waitangi. [14] It includes a preamble and three articles in two languages, English and Māori. As some words in the English treaty did not translate directly into the written Māori language of the time, the Māori text is not an exact translation of the English text, particularly in relation to the meaning of having and ceding sovereignty.

These two versions have significant differences in wording and interpretation, particularly regarding sovereignty, government and governance. [15] [16] The points of difference in the Māori version were in articles 1 and 2 of the treaty. "Sovereignty" was translated as "kāwanatanga" which means 'governance' or 'government', and many chiefs believed they were ceding the government of the country but maintaining the rights to manage their affairs. "Undisturbed possession of properties" was translated as "tino rangatiratanga" of "taonga katoa", This means 'chieftainship/full authority' over 'all treasured things'. [17] [18] [19] [20]

New Zealand is a signatory to the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP), which emphasizes the importance of using Indigenous language versions of treaties and agreements. Despite not being incorporated into law, UNDRIP has begun to influence policy and judicial decisions in New Zealand. For example, the Declaration has been referenced in several decisions of the Supreme Court of New Zealand and extensively in findings by the Waitangi Tribunal. [21] However, in November 2023, the National-led coalition government agreed not to recognize the Declaration as having any binding legal effect on New Zealand as part of a coalition agreement. This coalition government also agreed to stop all work on He Puapua, which is a government commissioned report on implementing the goals of UNDRIP in New Zealand. [22]

Principles

In 1975, the New Zealand Parliament passed the Treaty of Waitangi Act 1975, which established the Waitangi Tribunal, and introduced the phrase principles of the Treaty of Waitangi. The principles were not defined as the Tribunal was intended to interpret them and apply them based on the intentions of the Treaty. [19] Treaty principles have also been defined by the courts, Waitangi Tribunal and the Crown. [23] [24] [25]

Background

In March 2022, the libertarian ACT Party announced a policy that it would introduce a new law that would redefine the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi if elected into government following the 2023 election. ACT rejected the idea that the Treaty of Waitangi is a partnership between the New Zealand Crown and Māori tribes (iwi), argued that the Crown had a right to govern all New Zealanders, and that tino rangatiratanga is only a right over property. [26] In 2014, the Waitangi Tribunal found that the Māori chiefs who signed Te Tiriti never ceded sovereignty. [27] The Māori population was estimated at just over 100,000 at the beginning of 1840. The settler population was 2000. [28]

The law would only come into effect following confirmation by a referendum on Māori co-governance arrangements that would be held at the 2026 general election. The party's leader David Seymour also called for a referendum on co-governance as a condition for entering into coalition with any future government led by the centre-right National Party. Seymour argued that the 1840 Treaty of Waitangi was not a partnership between the New Zealand Crown and Māori, and therefore co-governance arrangements were not a "necessary extension" of that. He also claimed that co-governance arrangements created resentment and division. [3] ACT's proposed law and referendum would affect co-governance arrangements at several Crown Research Institutes, state-owned enterprises and healthcare providers such as Te Aka Whai Ora (the Māori Health Authority). However, Seymour indicated that the new law would preserve existing co-governance arrangements with the Waikato, Ngāi Tahu, Tūhoe and Whanganui iwi (tribes). [29]

In response, Māori Party co-leader Debbie Ngarewa-Packer and Professor Linda Tuhiwai Smith described ACT's proposed co-governance referendum and policies as being motivated by racism and reflecting a "Pākehā" unwillingness to share power. Similarly, Waikato leader Rahui Papa claimed that ACT's co-governance policies clashed with the second and third articles of the treaty which (he argued) guaranteed Māori participation in the social sector. [29] [3] In response, Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern reiterated the Labour Government's commitment to co-governance arrangements. Meanwhile, National Party leader Christopher Luxon refused to commit to a referendum on co-governance, but acknowledged that further clarity on co-governance was needed. [3]

In October 2022, ACT released a discussion document entitled "Democracy or co-government?" which proposed a new Treaty Principles bill that would end the focus on partnership between Māori and the Crown and interpret "tino rangatiratanga" solely as property rights. By contrast, most scholars of the Māori language define "tino rangatiratanga" as the equivalent of "self-determination" in the English language. The proposed Treaty Principles bill does not mention Māori, the Crown, iwi (tribes), and hapū (subgroups) but refers only to "New Zealanders". ACT Party leader Seymour refused to identify whom his party had consulted when developing its co-governance and Treaty of Waitangi policies, particularly its redefinition of "tino rangatiratanga" as property rights. As part of ACT's "colour-blind" policies, its social-development spokesperson Karen Chhour advocated the abolition of Te Aka Whai Ora. [26]

After the formation of the Sixth National-led coalition government, the National and New Zealand First parties agreed to support the legislation up to the select committee level while ACT dropped its demand for a referendum (although it remains in the draft under public consultation). [4] [30] Following a leak in January 2024, [31] ACT released a draft of the proposed bill in February 2024 and embarked on a public information campaign to promote it. [2] [32] Since its announcement, the Treaty Principles Bill has generated much controversy and drawn criticism from Māori leaders and bodies including the Waitangi Tribunal, the opposition parties Labour, Green, Te Pāti Māori, religious leaders and lawyers. [33] [34] [35] [36] The Waitangi Tribunal found that "the Crown had breached the Treaty principles of partnership and reciprocity, active protection, good government, equity, redress, and the article 2 guarantee of rangatiratanga. [37]

Coalition agreement and 2024 leak

Following the 2023 New Zealand general election, a National-led coalition government was formed with the support of the ACT and New Zealand First parties in late November 2023. [38] As part of ACT's coalition agreement with the National Party, the parties agreed to introduce a Treaty Principles Bill based on existing ACT party policy and support it to a Parliamentary select committee. [39] In return, ACT dropped its election demand for a referendum on the Treaty of Waitangi. [40] [30] Notwithstanding, as of January 2025, the bill under public consultation must be submitted to a binding public referendum. [41]

On 19 January 2024, a Ministry of Justice memo on the proposed Treaty Principles legislation was leaked. The proposed bill had three principles: that the New Zealand Government has the right to govern all New Zealanders; the New Zealand Government will honour all New Zealanders in the chieftainship of their land and all their property; and that all New Zealanders are equal under the law with the same rights and duties. The Ministry's paper expressed concerns that the proposed law would conflict with the rights and interests of Māori under the Treaty of Waitangi, that the Crown was trying to define Treaty principles without consulting with Māori, that the Bill breached international agreements such as the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, and that it infringed on the Māori right to self-determination. Seymour claimed the memo was a "natural reaction" from a bureaucracy that had "presided over increasing division over these issues", but stated the Ministry of Justice was not biased in its advice. [31]

The leak came on the eve of King Tūheitia's national hui on 20 January. In response, Minister of Justice Paul Goldsmith confirmed that the Justice Ministry would investigate the leak and described the document as a draft that had not yet been considered by the Cabinet. In addition Seymour, who had promoted the legislation, accused the Ministry of being part of a bureaucracy that was "resistant to change." Te Pāti Māori co-leaders Rawiri Waititi and Debbie Ngarewa-Packer used the leak to rally opposition against the Government's proposed constitutional changes. [31] [42]

Following the leak, staff from other government agencies became required to physically visit the Ministry of Justice offices to look at hard copies of Cabinet papers relating to the Treaty Principles Bill to prevent leaks. [43]

Draft release

On 7 February 2024, ACT embarked on a public information campaign to promote the Treaty Principles Bill. This campaign includes the creation of a new website called "treaty.nz," which has a Questions and Answers section outlining the party's approach to the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi and a video featuring Seymour. Seymour also contested claims that the government was trying to rewrite or abolish the Treaty of Waitangi. The public information campaign also came after a leaked Justice Ministry memo claimed that the proposed bill clashed with the text of the Treaty. [2] [32]

ACT's proposed Treaty Principles Bill consists of three articles: [2] [32]

Article 1

Māori: Kawanatanga katoa o o ratou whenua.

The New Zealand Government has the right to govern all New Zealanders.

Article 2

Māori: Ki nga tangata katoa o Nu Tirani te tino rangatiratanga o o ratou whenua o ratou kainga me o ratou taonga katoa.

The New Zealand Government will honour all New Zealanders in the chieftainship of their land and all their property.

Article 3

Māori: A ratou nga tikanga katoa rite tahi.

All New Zealanders are equal under the law with the same rights and duties.

Legislative history

Introduction

On 9 September 2024, a draft outline of the Treaty Principles Bill was tabled at a Cabinet meeting, with its basic outline being signed off. ACT leader Seymour also confirmed that the legislation would mention hapū (sub-group) and iwi (tribal) rights to tino rangatiratanga (self determination) and property ownership in Article 2. Cabinet agreed for the following principles to be included in the Bill: [44] [45]

1. Civil Government: The Government of New Zealand has full power to govern, and Parliament has full power to make laws. They do so in the best interests of everyone, and in accordance with the rule of law and the maintenance of a free and democratic society.

2. Rights of Hapū and Iwi Māori: The Crown recognises the rights that hapū and iwi had when they signed the Treaty. The Crown will respect and protect those rights. Those rights differ from the rights everyone has a reasonable expectation to enjoy only when they are specified in legislation, Treaty settlements, or other agreement with the Crown.

3. Right to Equality: Everyone is equal before the law and is entitled to the equal protection and equal benefit of the law without discrimination. Everyone is entitled to the equal enjoyment of the same fundamental human rights without discrimination.

While Seymour expressed hope that the coalition parties would support the Bill after its first reading, Prime Minister Christopher Luxon reiterated that the National Party would not support the bill beyond its first reading. Similarly, New Zealand First also pledged not to support the Bill beyond its first reading. [46] [47] The final version of the bill will be considered by Cabinet again before its introduction to Parliament in November 2024. [48] Cabinet also agreed that the Bill would undergo a six month-long select committee process, concluding in May 2025. [47] On 5 November 2024 it was announced the Bill's timetable was to introduce it to Parliament on 7 November, with the first reading debate advanced to the week of 11–15 November. [49] The following table summarizes past and scheduled events: [50]

Legislative timeframes
MilestoneDate
Parliamentary Counsel to draft Treaty Principles Bill2 September 2024 – 9 October 2024
Cabinet Legislation Committee7 November 2024
Seek Cabinet approval on Bill11 November 2024
Bill introduced18 November 2024
First reading and referral to Select Committee21 November 2024
Original public submissions deadline7 January 2025
Extended public submissions deadline14 January 2025
Remaining House stagesMay 2025 – June 2025

First reading

Principles of the Treaty of Waitangi Bill Principles of the Treaty of Waitangi Bill (Bill 94-1).pdf
Principles of the Treaty of Waitangi Bill

On 14 November, the Treaty Principles Bill passed its first reading despite opposition from the Labour, Māori and Green parties. [7] Support from the National Party and NZ First was guaranteed under the Coalition agreement, but only up to the second reading. [51]

During the debate, Labour MP Willie Jackson was ordered to leave by Speaker Gerry Brownlee after refusing to withdraw a comment accusing ACT leader Seymour of lying about the Treaty of Waitangi. Te Pāti Māori MP Hana-Rawhiti Maipi-Clarke was also suspended for 24 hours by the Speaker after leading a haka ("Ka Mate") involving members of the public that caused parliamentary proceedings to be delayed for half an hour. [7] [52] In response, Speaker Gerry Brownlee cleared the House and Hana-Rawhiti was suspended for 24-hours. As of November 2024, the video of the haka has been viewed more than 700 million times. [53]

On 10 December, House Speaker Gerry Brownlee referred Hana-Rawhiti, Te Pāti Māori co-leaders Rawiri Waititi and Debbie Ngarewa-Packer and Labour MP Peeni Henare to the Parliamentary Privileges Committee for their role in the haka that disupted the first reading's vote. Packer defended the group's actions, claiming that Parliament did not respect Māori. [54]

Votes at first reading (14 November 2024) [55]
PartyVoted forVoted against
National 490
Labour 034
Green 015
ACT 110
NZ First 80
Te Pāti Māori 05
Totals6854

Select committee stage

Public submissions on the Treaty Principles Bill opened on 19 November 2024 and were expected to close on 7 January 2025. [56] A website failure meant that the select committee opted to extend the deadline until 14 January 2025. [57]

In mid-December 2024, several local and regional councils including the Hutt City Council, the Auckland Council, the Dunedin City Council, the Gisborne District Council, the Selwyn District Council, Environment Canterbury and the Stratford District Council voted to pass motions to send submissions to Parliament opposing the Bill. [58] [59] [60] [61] [62] [63] [64] However, the Ashburton District Council declined to make a submission, with Mayor Neil Brown citing "the likelihood of a wide range of views within the community on the Bill." [63]

One Māori lawyer and educator Roimata Smail developed an online submissions template for those opposing the Treaty Principles Bill. By 9 January 2025, her webpage had reported 15,905 visits since late November 2024. [65] A group consisting of 165 descendants of the British missionaries Henry and William Williams, who had translated the Treaty of Waitangi, collectively submitted against the Bill, saying that it went against "the original intent and integrity of Te Tiriti." [66]

Public submissions on the Treaty Principles Bill through Parliament's website were due to conclude at 11:59 pm on 7 January 2025. Hard copies could also be sent by mail or delivered to Parliament until 5pm on 8 January. According to Radio New Zealand, the large volume on online submissions overwhelmed Parliament's website, with people sending submissions on the night of 6 January and the morning of 7 January encountering error messages or being unable to submit their documents. [67] In response to the large volume of submissions and technical problems on Parliament's website, the justice select committee decided to reopen submissions from 1pm on 9 January and extend the dateline to 1pm on 14 January 2025. By 9 January, the committee estimated that Parliament had received 300,000 online submissions regarding the Treaty Principles Bill. [9]

On 16 January 2025, Parliament's justice select committee convened to consider the Bill and confirmed that hearings would commence on 27 January 2025. Without releasing the number of total submissions, the committee estimated that it would listen to 80 hours of oral submissions for a month. To cope with the large number of submissions, the justice committee was split into two sub-committees. The first sub-committee consisted of Chair James Meager, Deputy Chair Tamatha Paul, Todd Stephenson, Ginny Andersen, Paulo Garcia, Tracey McLellan while the second consisted of Chair Duncan Webb, Deputy Chair Jamie Arbuckle, Tākuta Ferris, Cameron Brewer and Rima Nakhle. Duplicate submissions, those providing first names only, initials only, or pseudonyms, and those containing racist material would be excluded. [68]

The Post reported that about 70% of the available written submissions were against the bill, with about 20% in support. [69]

Oral submissions

The first day of oral submissions was Monday 27 January 2025. Architect of the bill, David Seymour defended the legislation and asked "can anyone actually tell people why New Zealand is better off divided into tangata whenua — land people — and tangata Tiriti — treaty people — and what societies have succeeded by dividing people by race and are better off for it?" [13] Hobson's Pledge argued that the second principle was "critically flawed", could conflict with the other two principles, and that the bill "is effectively saying New Zealand will treat people equally, but not really" and that "that is not equality". [13] Hobson's Pledge also wants all mention of iwi and hapū removed. [13] London-based The Guardian focused on comments by former high court judge Edward Taihakurei Durie, who helped establish the Waitangi Tribunal, that the bill would erase 50 years of work by the tribunal. [70] Sixteen-year‑old Te Kanawa Wilson, speaking in te reo Māori, called for the bill to be scrapped: "the Treaty protected Māori rights to self-determination and to practise their culture freely". [13]

Reception

Regulatory impact statement

The Ministry of Justice's regulatory impact statement says the bill "does not accurately reflect Article 2, which affirms the continuing exercise of tino rangatiratanga. Restricting the rights of hapū and iwi to those specified in legislation, or agreement with the Crown, implies that tino rangatiratanga is derived from kāwanatanga. It reduces indigenous rights to a set of ordinary rights that could be exercised by any group of citizens." [71]

Māori responses

In January 2024, the Māori King Tūheitia called for a national hui (meeting) on 20 January to unify Māori and discuss the potential impact of the Government's Treaty policies. [31] On 15 January, Tūheitia raised the matter of the bill during a private meeting with Prime Minister Luxon and Minister for Māori Development Tama Potaka. [72]

On 9 May 2024, Ngāpuhi kaumātua (tribal elder) Hone Sadler and several claimants filed a challenge against the Treaty Principles Bill at the Waitangi Tribunal, describing the proposed bill's interpretation of the Treaty as "inaccurate and misleading." They also contended that Māori never ceded sovereignty to the New Zealand Crown. [73] On 15 May, the Tribunal heard testimony from University of Auckland Māori Studies Professor Margaret Mutu, who described ACT's Co-Government Policy Paper as "nonsensical" and a misinterpretation of the Treaty. In addition, Northland iwi Ngāti Kahu submitted a letter to King Charles III, calling on him to stop what they called a "violent attack" on the Treaty. [74]

On 16 August 2024, the Waitangi Tribunal released its interim report into the ACT party's Treaty Principles Bill and New Zealand First's proposed review of the Treaty clauses. The Tribunal recommended that the Treaty Principles Bill should be abandoned. [33]

Political parties

In November 2024, New Zealand Prime Minister and National Party Leader Christopher Luxon said of the bill: "We don't support it because we think it is divisive, and you know, we're proud of the Treaty of Waitangi." [75]

During King Tūheitia's 18th Koroneihana (coronation anniversary celebration) in mid-August 2024, [76] both Prime Minister Luxon and NZ First senior minister Shane Jones reiterated that National and NZ First would not support ACT's Treaty Principles Bill beyond its first reading. In response, ACT leader David Seymour said that Luxon and Jones had "closed their minds" when the legislation had not yet finished drafting. [77]

During the annual Ratana celebrations in late January 2025, both Luxon and NZ First leader and Deputy Prime Minister Winston Peters reiterated that their parties would vote against the bill at its second reading. Green MP Teanau Tuiono and Te Pāti Māori co-leader Debbie Ngarewa-Packer called on the coalition government to scrap the bill. [78]

NZ First

On 23 August, NZ First leader Winston Peters said during Question Time in Parliament that he was willing to change his mind on the Treaty Principles Bill "if there was prevailing compelling evidence to change one's mind." When Labour leader Chris Hipkins pressed Peters further on the matter, Peters said that Māori leaders Peter Buck, Maui Pomare and James Carroll had concluded there were no principles of the Treaty of Waitangi. [79]

Labour, Greens, Te Pāti Māori

In response to the 9 September cabinet outline of the bill, Hipkins described the Treaty bill process as shambolic and urged Luxon to jettison the "divisive" legislation. [48] Te Pāti Māori co-leader Debbie Ngarewa-Packer described the inclusion of iwi and hapū as insufficient. Similar criticism was voiced by Green Party MP Teanau Tuiono, and Labour MPs Willie Jackson and Cushla Tangaere-Manuel. [47]

On 7 November, the three opposition parties Labour, Greens and Te Pāti Māori issued a joint statement opposing the introduction of the Treaty Principles Bill claiming that it disregarded the Treaty of Waitangi and ignored Māori voices. [34]

Civil society

On 9 September 2024, 400 Christian leaders including three Anglican archbishops, the Catholic Archbishop, a Catholic Cardinal, the Methodist Church president and the Salvation Army commissioner signed an open letter calling on MPs to vote against the Treaty Principles Bill and affirming their commitment to honouring the Treaty of Waitangi. In response, Seymour accused church leaders of interfering in democracy a second time, with the first time being the End of Life Choice Act 2019. [35]

On 13 November 2024, 40 King's Counsel lawyers wrote a letter to Prime Minister Luxon and Attorney-General Judith Collins urging the National-led coalition to withdraw the bill on the grounds that it "seeks to rewrite" the Treaty of Waitangi. In response, Seymour defended the bill and argued that it would give everyone a voice in the Treaty debate. [36]

Hobson's Pledge, a conservative lobby group opposing affirmative action for Māori, has started a pro-Treaty Principles Bill campaign aimed at Prime Minister Luxon, referring to him as a "scaredy cat" for not supporting the bill further. [80]

The NZ Council for Civil Liberties (NZCCL) argues that Te Tiriti cannot "be changed by just one of the signatories". That the mandatory referendum "is an inappropriate way to address the rights of any minority and this is especially so in the case of colonisation". That the bill fails to build on previous progress on constitutional reform. And that the bill "seeks to use domestic law to constrain interpretation of an international treaty" and "will lead to expensive and uncertain litigation". [81]

Former Race Relations Commissioner Joris de Bres labeled the bill as "the most divisive piece of legislation to be put before Parliament," expressing concerns over its potential to damage race relations in New Zealand. [82]

Professional bodies

The New Zealand Law Society (NZLS) argued in its public submission that the bill is "fundamentally inconsistent" with Treaty principles, that bill "diminishes Māori rights", and that there are "strong constitutional, public law, natural justice and process reasons" to halt the legislation. [83] [84]

The New Zealand Council for Educational Research (NZCER) argues, from an education sector perspective, that the bill "threatens progress made in revitalising te reo Māori and promoting Māori culture in schools", "risks misrepresenting the original Tiriti and white-washing our histories", and will "deeply affect the ability" of the public and professionals to "interpret Te Tiriti" going forward. NZCER recommends that the bill be scrapped. [85] [86]

The Royal Australasian College of Physicians (RCAP) has called on the government to abandon the legislation, saying it will have "a negative impact on health outcomes for Māori". RACP Māori health committee chair Dr Matt Wheeler said "This bill undermines the state's responsibility to collaborate with Māori, rendering te Tiriti and its obligations meaningless. Consequently, equitable healthcare, a fundamental right for Māori, will continue to suffer". [87]

Polling

A Research New Zealand poll conducted in February 2024 showed 36% in support of a referendum, with 35% opposed, the rest undecided. [88] [89]

An October 2024 poll by Curia and commissioned by the New Zealand Taxpayers' Union showed 46% supported the Treaty Principles Bill, 25% opposed it, and 29% were unsure. [90] The poll also found that New Zealand First voters were most supportive and Te Pāti Māori voters were the least supportive of the bill. [90]

A 1News-Verian poll conducted between the 30th of November and 4th of December 2024 showed 23% of participants supported the bill, while 36% opposed it and 39% said they did not know enough about it. [6]

A second public opinion poll by Curia and commissioned by the ACT party between 1st December and 3rd December 2024 showed 39% supporting the bill, while 36% opposed it and 25% were unsure. [91]

Protests

Hikoi protest in Hastings, November 2024 "Honour it, don't edit it" sign at Toitu Te Tiriti protest in Heretaunga (Hastings) 16 November 2024.jpg
Hīkoi protest in Hastings, November 2024

On 7 November, protesters gathered outside the New Zealand Parliament and Seymour's electorate office in Epsom to protest against its introduction. [92]

From 11 November, a hīkoi (march) opposing the legislation called Hīkoi mō te Tiriti (March for the Treaty) began marching to Parliament in Wellington in two convoys beginning at Cape Reinga in Northland and Bluff in Southland. [93] [94] North Island Hīkoi supporters reached Whangārei on 11 November before travelling to Dargaville and Auckland's North Shore on 12 November. Organisers also worked with Police to minimise traffic disruption. [95] By 13 November, the North Island convoy had crossed the Auckland Harbour Bridge and reached Ihumātao and Bastion Point. [96] [97]

The haka and hīkoi in opposition to the Bill has also gained the support of singer Lorde, Chris Martin of Coldplay, and actors Jason Momoa and Octavia Spencer. [98] All Blacks player TJ Perenara incorporated a reference to the hīkoi when he led the haka for the national rugby team. He said it was important for him to acknowledge the hīkoi and the national unity at this time. [99] There was more non-Māori support for the hīkoi than previous protests such as the Foreshore and Seabed hīkoi of 2004. [100]

On 16 November, Brian Tamaki led a convoy down an Auckland motorway as a counter protest to the nationwide hīkoi, supporting the Treaty Principles Bill. [101]

On 19 November 2024, tens of thousands of New Zealanders, including the Māori queen Ngā-wai-hono-i-te-Pō Paki, joined in nationwide protest, converging in Wellington to protest the bill, marking one of the largest demonstrations in the country's history. [102] A international petition was also presented, which by 25 November 2024, had amassed 289,000 signatures. [103]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Treaty of Waitangi</span> 1840 agreement between the British Crown and Māori leaders in New Zealand

The Treaty of Waitangi, sometimes referred to as Te Tiriti, is a document of central importance to the history of New Zealand, its constitution, and its national mythos. It has played a major role in the treatment of the Māori people in New Zealand by successive governments and the wider population, something that has been especially prominent from the late 20th century. The treaty document is an agreement, not a treaty as recognised in international law. It was first signed on 6 February 1840 by Captain William Hobson as consul for the British Crown and by Māori chiefs from the North Island of New Zealand. The treaty's quasi-legal status satisfies the demands of biculturalism in contemporary New Zealand society. In general terms, it is interpreted today as having established a partnership between equals in a way the Crown likely did not intend it to in 1840. Specifically, the treaty is seen, first, as entitling Māori to enjoyment of land and of natural resources and, if that right were ever breached, to restitution. Second, the treaty's quasi-legal status has clouded the question of whether Māori had ceded sovereignty to the Crown in 1840, and if so, whether such sovereignty remains intact.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Waitangi Tribunal</span> Permanent commission of inquiry in New Zealand

The Waitangi Tribunal is a New Zealand permanent commission of inquiry established under the Treaty of Waitangi Act 1975. It is charged with investigating and making recommendations on claims brought by Māori relating to actions or omissions of the Crown, in the period largely since 1840, that breach the promises made in the Treaty of Waitangi. The Tribunal is not a court of law; therefore, the Tribunal's recommendations and findings are not binding on the Crown. They are sometimes not acted on, for instance in the foreshore and seabed dispute.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ACT New Zealand</span> New Zealand political party

ACT New Zealand, also known as the ACT Party or simply ACT, is a right-wing, classical liberal, right-libertarian, and conservative political party in New Zealand. It is currently led by David Seymour, and is in coalition with the National and New Zealand First parties, as part of the Sixth National government.

Te Pāti Māori, also known as the Māori Party, is a political party in New Zealand advocating Māori rights. With the exception of a handful of general electorates, Te Pāti Māori contests the reserved Māori electorates, in which its main rival is the Labour Party.

Claims and settlements under the Treaty of Waitangi have been a significant feature of New Zealand politics since the Treaty of Waitangi Act 1975 and the Waitangi Tribunal that was established by that act to hear claims. Successive governments have increasingly provided formal legal and political opportunity for Māori to seek redress for what are seen as breaches by the Crown of guarantees set out in the Treaty of Waitangi. While it has resulted in putting to rest a number of significant longstanding grievances, the process has been subject to criticisms including those who believe that the redress is insufficient to compensate for Māori losses. The settlements are typically seen as part of a broader Māori Renaissance.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oranga Tamariki Act 1989</span> Act of Parliament in New Zealand

The Oranga Tamariki Act 1989 or Children's and Young People's Well-being Act 1989 is an Act of the New Zealand Parliament that was passed in 1989. The Act's main purpose is to "promote the well-being of children, young persons, and their families and family groups." In June 2017, the New Zealand Parliament passed amendment legislation renaming the bill the Oranga Tamariki Act 1989.

The law of New Zealand uses the English common law system, inherited from being a part of the British Empire.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eddie Durie</span> New Zealand judge (born 1940)

Sir Edward Taihakurei Durie is a New Zealand jurist who served on the High Court of New Zealand between 1998 and 2004. He was the first Māori appointed a judge of a New Zealand court.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">David Seymour</span> New Zealand politician (born 1983)

David Breen Seymour is a New Zealand politician who has been the Leader of ACT New Zealand and the Member of Parliament (MP) for Epsom since 2014. He currently serves as the 1st Minister for Regulation in the Sixth National Government under Christopher Luxon.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Principles of the Treaty of Waitangi</span> Aspect of New Zealand law and politics

The principles of the Treaty of Waitangi is a set of principles derived from, and interpreting, the Treaty of Waitangi, which was signed in New Zealand in 1840. The phrase "principles of the Treaty of Waitangi" was first used in the Treaty of Waitangi Act 1975, and the principles were codified in 1987. There is no final list and they are determined on a case-by-case basis. They include the three Ps: partnership, participation and protection of rangatiratanga.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Māori flag</span> Flag representing the Māori people of New Zealand

The national Māori flag, also known as the Tino Rangatiratanga flag in reference to the concept of tino rangatiratanga, is used to represent the national identity of some of the descendants of precolonial native people of New Zealand (Aotearoa). In 2009, the Tino Rangatiratanga flag was selected as the national Māori flag after a nationwide consultation. It was first revealed on Waitangi Day in 1990. Though it does not have official status from the New Zealand Government, it has been used by the government on official occasions.

Hobson's Pledge is a lobby group in New Zealand that was formed in late September 2016 to oppose affirmative action for Māori people. It is led by conservative politician Don Brash. The group aims to redefine the position of Māori in New Zealand. This would include removing the Māori electorates, abolishing the Waitangi Tribunal, restricting tribal powers and "remove all references in law and in Government policy to Treaty 'partnership' and 'principles'".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Joseph Mooney (New Zealand politician)</span> New Zealand politician (born 1979)

Joseph Mooney is a New Zealand politician. In 2020 he was elected as a Member of Parliament in the House of Representatives for the National Party in the Southland electorate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tama Potaka</span> New Zealand politician (born 1976)

Tama William Potaka is a New Zealand politician and Member of Parliament in the House of Representatives representing the Hamilton West electorate. He is a member of the National Party and was chief executive of Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki before entering Parliament.

Co-governance in New Zealand consists of various negotiated arrangements where Māori people and the Crown share decision-making, or Māori exercise a form of self-determination through a devolution of state power. Notable examples include the co-management of natural resources as part of the provision of Māori social services by Māori-focused entities, and statutory Māori representation in local government bodies. In addition Treaty of Waitangi settlements from 2008 often had co-governance agreements where the iwi involved worked with significant rivers, watersheds, coastlines and landmarks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sixth National Government of New Zealand</span> Government of New Zealand since 2023

The Sixth National Government is a coalition government comprising the National Party, ACT Party and New Zealand First that has governed New Zealand since November 2023. The government is headed by Christopher Luxon, the National Party leader and prime minister, along with coalition party leaders David Seymour and Winston Peters.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coalition of chaos</span> Political slogan today associated with 2023 New Zealand general election

In New Zealand politics, the phrase "coalition of chaos" was widely used during the 2023 New Zealand general election campaign. The phrase was a pejorative term used primarily by Christopher Luxon, Leader of the New Zealand National Party to describe the potential left-wing coalition that Prime Minister Chris Hipkins of the New Zealand Labour Party might have formed after the election with the major progressive third parties, Te Pāti Māori and the Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand. Hipkins occasionally used variants of the term, such as "coalition of cuts", to emphasise potential National austerity through a partnership between National, ACT New Zealand, and the New Zealand First parties.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Local Government (Electoral Legislation and Māori Wards and Māori Constituencies) Amendment Act 2024</span> Act of Parliament in New Zealand

The Local Government Amendment Act 2024 is a New Zealand Act of Parliament which reinstates the poll requirements for Māori wards and constituencies. It requires local and regional councils that have established Māori wards and constituencies since 2020 without holding a referendum to hold one at the 2025 New Zealand local elections. The bill was one of the key commitments of the Sixth National Government that was formed following the 2023 New Zealand general election. It passed its third reading and became law on 30 July 2024.

The following lists events that have happened or are expected to happen during 2025 in New Zealand.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hīkoi mō te Tiriti</span> Hīkoi protesting the Treaty Principles Bill

Hīkoi mō te Tiriti were hīkoi protests in New Zealand against the Treaty Principles Bill that occurred from 10 November to 19 November 2024. The bill would redefine the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "Principles of the Treaty of Waitangi Bill". New Zealand Parliament. Archived from the original on 14 November 2024. Retrieved 15 November 2024.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "ACT launches Treaty Principles Bill information campaign". Radio New Zealand . 7 February 2024. Archived from the original on 7 February 2024. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Sherman, Maiki (24 March 2022). "ACT Party wants referendum on co-governance with Māori". 1News . TVNZ. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  4. 1 2 Hu, Justin (28 April 2024). "National 'resolute' on Treaty Principles Bill stance – minister". 1News . Archived from the original on 28 April 2024. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  5. ↑ "Top lawyers tell PM to 'abandon' Treaty Principles Bill". www.stuff.co.nz. 13 November 2024. Archived from the original on 25 January 2025. Retrieved 25 November 2024.
  6. 1 2 "1News-Verian poll suggests more Kiwis oppose Treaty Principles Bill than support it". RNZ. 10 December 2024. Archived from the original on 13 December 2024. Retrieved 13 December 2024.
  7. 1 2 3 Ensor, Jamie (14 November 2024). "Treaty Principles Bill live updates: Te Pāti Māori MP Hana-Rawhiti Maipi-Clarke suspended as haka derails bill's first reading vote". The New Zealand Herald . Archived from the original on 15 November 2024. Retrieved 15 November 2024.
  8. ↑ "Explainer: How select committee stage will shape the Treaty Principles Bill". 1News. Archived from the original on 20 November 2024. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  9. 1 2 Stuff reporters (9 January 2025). "Public submissions on Treaty Principles Bill extended by five days". Stuff . Archived from the original on 9 January 2025. Retrieved 9 January 2025.
  10. 1 2 Smith, Anneke (24 January 2025). "Treaty referendum ruled out under Luxon's watch". RNZ . Wellington, Aotearoa/New Zealand. Archived from the original on 25 January 2025. Retrieved 24 January 2025– via Scoop News.
  11. ↑ Ashworth, Craig (25 January 2025). "Luxon pledges to refuse treaty referendum after election". 1News. Auckland, Aotearoa/New Zealand. Retrieved 26 January 2025. The Prime Minister says he will refuse any demand from the Act Party for a referendum on the Treaty Principles Bill after the next election — even if he needs Act to form a Government.
  12. ↑ Whyte, Anna (24 January 2025). "Absent Seymour's Treaty shadow follows Luxon at Rātana". The Post . Wellington, Aotearoa/New Zealand. Archived from the original on 25 January 2025. Retrieved 25 January 2025.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 Moir, Jo; Hanly, Lillian (27 January 2025). "Select Committee Treaty Principles Bill submissions hearings begin". RNZ. Wellington, Aotearoa/New Zealand. Retrieved 28 January 2025.
  14. ↑ "Te Tiriti O Waitangi: Why We Have It, What It Says And Why It Matters Now" (PDF). Groundwork.org.nz (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 August 2024. Retrieved 25 November 2024.
  15. ↑ Orange, Claudia (1987). The Treaty of Waitangi. Wellington ; Winchester, Mass., USA: Allen & Unwin : Port Nicolson Press, with assistance from the Historical Publications Branch, Dept. of Internal Affairs, Wellington. ISBN   978-0-86861-427-4.
  16. ↑ Orange, Claudia (20 June 2012). "Treaty of Waitangi – Interpretations of the Treaty of Waitangi". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Archived from the original on 27 February 2023. Retrieved 1 January 2025.
  17. ↑ "Meaning of the Treaty". Waitangi Tribunal. 2011. Archived from the original on 8 July 2016. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  18. ↑ Newman, Keith (2010) [2010]. Bible & Treaty, Missionaries among the Māori – a new perspective. Penguin. ISBN   978-0143204084. pp 20-116
  19. 1 2 Burr, Lloyd (14 November 2024). "Explained: The Treaty Principles Bill". www.stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  20. ↑ Moorfield, John. "Kāwanatanga". Te Aka Māori Dictionary. Retrieved 1 January 2025.
  21. ↑ "UNDRIP in other jurisdictions". ANTAR. Archived from the original on 3 November 2024. Retrieved 25 November 2024.
  22. ↑ "Coalition Agreement with National & New Zealand First" (PDF). Government of New Zealand. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 January 2024. Retrieved 4 January 2025.
  23. ↑ "Principles of the Treaty of Waitangi – ngā mātāpono o te Tiriti o Waitangi". Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand . Archived from the original on 20 April 2024. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  24. ↑ "What are the treaty principles?". Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand . Archived from the original on 13 June 2024. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  25. ↑ "Treaty principles developed by the Crown". Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand . Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  26. 1 2 McConnell, Glenn (10 October 2022). "ACT increases 'co-governance' focus, says Treaty referendum a 'bottom line'". Stuff . Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
  27. ↑ "Waitangi Tribunal finds Treaty of Waitangi signatories did not cede sovereignty in February 1840 – Māori Law Review". Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 25 November 2024.
  28. ↑ "Quick answers to common questions about the Treaty of Waitangi | Te Papa". tepapa.govt.nz. Archived from the original on 20 July 2024. Retrieved 25 November 2024.
  29. 1 2 Forbes, Mihirangi (29 March 2022). "Act Party – rewrites Te Tiriti interpretation". Newshub . Warner Bros. Discovery New Zealand. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  30. 1 2 Daalder, Mark (24 November 2023). "Which policies survived the negotiations – and which didn't". Newsroom . Archived from the original on 24 November 2023. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
  31. 1 2 3 4 Pearse, Adam (19 January 2024). "Leaked ministry advice suggests proposed Treaty Principles Bill 'highly contentious'". The New Zealand Herald . Archived from the original on 20 January 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
  32. 1 2 3 "Treaty Principles Bill". Archived from the original on 5 April 2024. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
  33. 1 2 Paewai, Pokere (16 August 2024). "Waitangi Tribunal calls for Treaty Principles Bill to be abandoned in scathing report". RNZ . Archived from the original on 16 August 2024. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
  34. 1 2 "Release: Labour, Greens and Te Pāti Māori call on the Prime Minister to block the Treaty Principles Bill". New Zealand Labour Party. 7 November 2024. Archived from the original on 10 November 2024. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  35. 1 2 Los'e, Joseph (9 September 2024). "Treaty Principles Bill: 400 church leaders want David Seymour's bill voted down". The New Zealand Herald . Archived from the original on 9 September 2024. Retrieved 10 September 2024.
  36. 1 2 "Senior lawyers call for Treaty Principles Bill to be abandoned". RNZ . 13 November 2024. Archived from the original on 13 November 2024. Retrieved 13 November 2024.
  37. ↑ "Tribunal releases report on Treaty Principles Bill". Waitangi Tribunal. Archived from the original on 10 October 2024. Retrieved 25 November 2024.
  38. ↑ "Watch: Christopher Luxon, new ministers sworn in at Government House". Radio New Zealand . 27 November 2023. Archived from the original on 27 November 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  39. ↑ "Coalition Agreement with National & ACT" (PDF). Government of New Zealand. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 April 2024. Retrieved 30 December 2024.
  40. ↑ "New government plans to review Treaty of Waitangi principles". Radio New Zealand . 24 November 2023. Archived from the original on 24 November 2023. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
  41. ↑ Parliamentary Counsel Office (7 November 2024). Principles of the Treaty of Waitangi Bill — Government Bill 94–1 (PDF). Wellington, Aotearoa/New Zealand: Parliamentary Counsel Office. Retrieved 21 January 2025.
  42. ↑ "Government confirms leaked document was a ministry Treaty Principles bill memo". RNZ . 19 January 2024. Archived from the original on 16 April 2024. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
  43. ↑ Daalder, Marc (15 September 2024). "Justice ministry battles leaks and ministers over Treaty bill". Newsroom. Archived from the original on 18 September 2024. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
  44. ↑ Moir, Jo (11 September 2024). "Treaty Principles Bill: Officials advise government against redefining principles". RNZ . Retrieved 11 September 2024.
  45. ↑ "Next steps agreed for Treaty Principles Bill". Beehive. Archived from the original on 11 September 2024. Retrieved 11 September 2024.
  46. ↑ "Treaty Principles Bill: Specific mention of iwi, hapū – Seymour". 1News . 10 September 2024. Archived from the original on 10 September 2024. Retrieved 10 September 2024.
  47. 1 2 3 Hanly, Lillian (11 September 2024). "Treaty Principles Bill to go through six-month select committee process". RNZ . Archived from the original on 10 September 2024. Retrieved 10 September 2024.
  48. 1 2 "Christopher Luxon refuses to speak about Treaty Principles Bill after it was handed to Cabinet". RNZ . 9 September 2024. Archived from the original on 9 September 2024. Retrieved 10 September 2024.
  49. ↑ "The Treaty Principles Bill has been released: Here's what's in it". RNZ . 7 November 2024. Archived from the original on 9 November 2024. Retrieved 7 November 2024.
  50. ↑ "Policy approvals for progressing a Treaty Principles Bill" (PDF). beehive.govt.nz. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
  51. ↑ "Explainer: The path ahead for the Treaty Principles Bill". 1News. Archived from the original on 27 November 2024. Retrieved 25 November 2024.
  52. ↑ Perese, Daniel (14 November 2024). "Watch: Haka erupts in Parliament before Treaty Principles Bill passes first reading". Te Ao Māori News. Whakaata Māori. Archived from the original on 15 November 2024. Retrieved 15 November 2024.
  53. ↑ "Hana-Rāwhiti Maipi-Clarke and the haka that's been seen 700 million times by a worldwide audience". NZ Herald. 19 November 2024. Archived from the original on 19 November 2024. Retrieved 25 November 2024.
  54. ↑ McConnell, Glenn (10 December 2024). "'Do I care? No': Te Pāti Māori responds to Speaker's rebuke over haka". Stuff . Archived from the original on 13 December 2024. Retrieved 15 December 2024.
  55. ↑ "Principles of the Treaty of Waitangi Bill — First Reading (Continued)". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) . Vol. 780. New Zealand Parliament: House of Representatives. 14 November 2024. Archived from the original on 15 November 2024. Retrieved 15 November 2024.
  56. ↑ Walters, Laura (18 November 2024). "Committee draws short straw to work on Treaty Principles Bill". Newsroom . Archived from the original on 18 November 2024. Retrieved 9 December 2024.
  57. ↑ Green, Kate (15 January 2025). "Treaty Principles Bill: number of total submissions to be revealed on Thursday". RNZ. Wellington, Aotearoa/New Zealand. Retrieved 21 January 2025.
  58. ↑ Tyson, Jessica (10 December 2024). "Hutt City Council formally opposes Treaty Principles Bill". Te Ao Māori News. Whakaata Māori. Archived from the original on 12 December 2024. Retrieved 16 December 2024.
  59. ↑ Smith, Sam (11 December 2024). "Auckland Council votes to oppose the Treaty Principles Bill". Te Ao Māori News. Whakaata Māori. Archived from the original on 15 December 2024. Retrieved 10 January 2025.
  60. ↑ Shaw, Ruby (13 December 2024). "DCC formally opposes Treaty Principles Bill". Otago Daily Times . Archived from the original on 13 December 2024. Retrieved 16 December 2024.
  61. ↑ Campbell, Zita (13 December 2024). "'Standing next to you': Gisborne council's stance against Treaty Bill". RNZ . Archived from the original on 13 December 2024. Retrieved 16 December 2024.
  62. ↑ Jacobs, Maxine (13 December 2024). "Selwyn council to submit against Treaty Principles Bill after spirited debate". The Press . Archived from the original on 15 December 2024. Retrieved 16 December 2024.
  63. 1 2 "ECan, Selwyn DC to submit on Treaty Principles Bill but not Ashburton". The Star . Allied Press. 16 December 2024. Archived from the original on 16 December 2024. Retrieved 16 December 2024.
  64. ↑ Hanne, Ilona (16 December 2024). "Stratford council to oppose Treaty Principles Bill over consultation concerns". The New Zealand Herald . Archived from the original on 16 December 2024. Retrieved 16 December 2024.
  65. ↑ Paterson, Te Aniwaniwa (9 January 2025). "Thousands of Kiwis use template to oppose the Treaty Principles Bill". Te Ao Māori News. Whakaata Māori. Archived from the original on 9 January 2025. Retrieved 9 January 2025.
  66. ↑ "Descendants of Treaty of Waitangi translators speak out against the Bill". RNZ . 9 January 2025. Archived from the original on 10 January 2025. Retrieved 10 January 2025.
  67. ↑ "Unprecedented number of submissions on Treaty Principles Bill". RNZ . 7 January 2025. Archived from the original on 9 January 2025. Retrieved 9 January 2025.
  68. ↑ "Treaty Principles Bill: 80 hours of submissions Justice Committee must hear". RNZ . 16 January 2025. Archived from the original on 18 January 2025. Retrieved 18 January 2025.
  69. ↑ Whyte, Anna (27 January 2025). "Political heavyweights turn up heat on Treaty submissions". The Post . Archived from the original on 27 January 2025. Retrieved 27 January 2025. A count by The Post of written submissions available online indicated Monday's submissions were about 70% opposed to the bill and about 20% in support
  70. ↑ Corlett, Eva (27 January 2025). "Bill to reinterpret founding treaty with Māori would make New Zealand a 'laughing stock', MPs told". The Guardian. London, United Kingdom. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 28 January 2025.
  71. ↑ "Regulatory Impact Statement" (PDF). Ministry of Justice. 28 August 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 September 2024. Retrieved 15 November 2024.
  72. ↑ Hurihanganui, Te Aniwa (16 January 2024). "More details emerge from Luxon's meeting with Māori King". 1News . TVNZ. Archived from the original on 16 January 2024. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  73. ↑ "ACT's interpretation of Treaty of Waitangi inaccurate and misleading – claimants". RNZ . 9 May 2024. Archived from the original on 10 May 2024. Retrieved 12 May 2024.
  74. ↑ mcCaull, Ashleigh (15 May 2024). "Ngāti Kahu pen letter to King Charles over Te Tiriti O Waitangi". The New Zealand Herald . Archived from the original on 15 May 2024. Retrieved 16 May 2024.
  75. ↑ Manch, Thomas (11 November 2024). "PM says he gets the 'immense frustration' about Treaty Principles Bill". The Post . Retrieved 25 November 2024.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  76. ↑ Moir, Jo (19 August 2024). "Politicians of all stripes to attend Māori King's Koroneihana – with one notable absence". RNZ . Archived from the original on 20 August 2024. Retrieved 22 August 2024.
  77. ↑ Moir, Jo (20 August 2024). "No lifeline for Seymour's Treaty Principles Bill after Koroneihana". RNZ . Archived from the original on 21 August 2024. Retrieved 22 August 2024.
  78. ↑ "Watch: Luxon, Peters dismiss Treaty Principles debate at Rātana". RNZ . 24 January 2025. Archived from the original on 26 January 2025. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
  79. ↑ Moir, Jo (21 August 2024). "Winston Peters casts doubt on PM's position on Treaty Principles Bill". RNZ . Archived from the original on 21 August 2024. Retrieved 22 August 2024.
  80. ↑ Dexter, Giles (20 November 2024). "What now for the Treaty Principles Bill?". RNZ news. Wellington, Aotearoa/New Zealand. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  81. ↑ NZCCL (7 January 2025). "Submission: Principles of the Treaty of Waitangi Bill". NZ Council for Civil Liberties. Wellington, Aotearoa/New Zealand. Retrieved 21 January 2025. Open Access logo PLoS transparent.svg
  82. ↑ "Ex race relations boss slams Treaty Principles Bill". NZ Herald. 25 November 2024. Archived from the original on 25 November 2024. Retrieved 25 November 2024.
  83. ↑ So, Jacqueline (21 January 2025). "Principles of the Treaty of Waitangi Bill diminishes Māori rights: NZLS". NZ Lawyer. Auckland, Aotearoa/New Zealand: KM Business Information NZ. Retrieved 21 January 2025.
  84. ↑ NZLS (7 January 2025). Principles of the Treaty of Waitangi Bill — Submission of the New Zealand Law Society Te Kāhui Ture o Aotearoa (PDF) (Report). Wellington, Aotearoa/New Zealand: New Zealand Law Society Te Kāhui Ture o Aotearoa . Retrieved 21 January 2025.
  85. ↑ NZCER (21 January 2025). "Treaty Principles Bill cannot proceed — Press release". SCOOP. Wellington, Aotearoa/New Zealand. Retrieved 21 January 2025. NZCER is Rangahau Mātauranga o Aotearoa / New Zealand Council for Educational Research.
  86. ↑ NZCER (December 2024). Submission on the Principles of the Treaty of Waitangi Bill (PDF) (Report). Wellington, Aotearoa/New Zealand: Rangahau Mātauranga o Aotearoa / New Zealand Council for Educational Research . Retrieved 21 January 2025.
  87. ↑ RACP (12 September 2024). "Treaty Principles Bill a grave concern for Māori health: peak physicians body — Media release". The Royal Australasian College of Physicians. Sydney, Australia. Retrieved 21 January 2025.
  88. ↑ "Do New Zealanders really want a Treaty referendum?". RNZ . 11 February 2024. Archived from the original on 5 April 2024. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
  89. ↑ "Act launches campaign to twist National's arm on Treaty referendum". NZ Herald. 5 April 2024. Archived from the original on 5 April 2024. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
  90. 1 2 "~2:1 voters support the reworded Treaty Principles Bill (~4:1 Nat, 5:1 NZF, 2:1 A, 1:1 L/G)". New Zealand Taxpayer's Union. 14 October 2024.
  91. ↑ Farrar, David (4 December 2024). "Treaty Issues Poll December 2024" (PDF). Nationbuilder.com. Curia Market Research. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 January 2025. Retrieved 18 January 2025.
  92. ↑ Gabel, Julia (7 November 2024). "Treaty Principles Bill legislation introduced with narrowed wording, protesters gather outside Parliament". The New Zealand Herald . Archived from the original on 9 November 2024. Retrieved 9 November 2024.
  93. ↑ "Live updates: Treaty Principles Bill hīkoi day one". Te Ao Māori News. Whakaata Māori. 11 November 2024. Archived from the original on 13 November 2024. Retrieved 13 November 2024.
  94. ↑ Tapu, Nina (12 November 2024). "Hikoi starts in far South". Otago Daily Times . Archived from the original on 13 November 2024. Retrieved 13 November 2024.
  95. ↑ "Hīkoi mō te Tiriti day one: 'Lets make this hīkoi build a nation'". RNZ . 12 November 2024. Archived from the original on 13 November 2024. Retrieved 13 November 2024.
  96. ↑ Arambepola, Sandra (13 November 2024). "In pictures: Hīkoi mō te Tiriti crosses Auckland on its way to Wellington". Stuff . Archived from the original on 13 November 2024. Retrieved 13 November 2024.
  97. ↑ "Hīkoi mō te Tiriti departs Parliament after petition presented". 1News . TVNZ. 13 November 2024. Archived from the original on 13 November 2024. Retrieved 13 November 2024.
  98. ↑ "Coldplay's Chris Martin, Jason Momoa and other stars share support for hīkoi, haka and Māori". NZ Herald. 15 November 2024. Retrieved 25 November 2024.
  99. ↑ "'Important to me': TJ Perenara's final haka tribute to Treaty protest". NZ Herald. 22 November 2024. Retrieved 25 November 2024.
  100. ↑ "The biggest difference between Hīkoi mō te Tiriti and past hīkoi: More support from non-Māori". RNZ . 21 November 2024. Archived from the original on 26 November 2024. Retrieved 25 November 2024.
  101. ↑ McIlraith, Brianna. "'Unlawful and extremely irresponsible': Police slam Brian Tamaki's motorway convoy". Stuff. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  102. ↑ Sydney, Bernard Lagan (19 November 2024). "New Zealand protest: march against bill to water down Maori rights". www.thetimes.com. Archived from the original on 25 November 2024. Retrieved 25 November 2024.
  103. ↑ "Stop the Treaty Principles Bill – Toitū Te Tiriti!!". OurActionStation. Retrieved 25 November 2024.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.