United States Ambassador to the United Nations Human Rights Council

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Ambassador of the United States to the United Nations Human Rights Council
US Department of State official seal.svg
Seal of the United States Department of State
Incumbent
vacant
United States Department of State
Nominator President of the United States
Inaugural holder Eleanor Roosevelt
as Representative
Formation1947
Website U.S. Delegation - Human Rights Council

The United States Ambassador to the United Nations Human Rights Council is the diplomatic representative of the United States to the United Nations Human Rights Council. The position is located within the United States Mission to the United Nations and Other International Organizations located at Geneva, Switzerland. [1] A formal title for the position is United States Representative to the United Nations Human Rights Council, with rank of Ambassador. [2]

Contents

Up until 2006, the position was commonly known as the United States Ambassador to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, as it was associated to a predecessor organization, the United Nations Commission on Human Rights. [3] [4] It was more formally called United States Representative to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, and did not at first have ambassadorial rank but subsequently attained it.

History

The United States Mission to the United Nations and Other International Organizations in Geneva U.S. Mission to the United Nations in Geneva.jpg
The United States Mission to the United Nations and Other International Organizations in Geneva

The U.S. Delegation to the Human Rights Council is a part of the U.S. Mission Geneva, and other U.S. ambassadors stationed in Geneva are the United States Ambassador to United Nations and Other International Organizations in Geneva (head of the overall mission, and not to be confused with the more well-known United States Ambassador to the United Nations stationed in New York), the United States Ambassador to the World Trade Organization, and the United States Ambassador to the Conference on Disarmament. [5]

The United Nations Commission on Human Rights was formed in April 1946 on a preliminary basis and then in January 1947 on a permanent basis. [6] Former First Lady of the United States Eleanor Roosevelt was chosen as its first chair on both occasions. [6] She played a major role in the formation and 1948 adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. [7] She also served as the U.S. representative to the commission. [8] In 1951 she relinquished the chair but stayed on as the U.S. representative to it. [7]

As with regular ambassadorial posts, nominations are made by the President of the United States and confirmation by the United States Senate is required. [9] Commentary on people holding the post has often been linked with perceptions that the Commission on Human Rights was anti-U.S. and especially anti-Israel. [9] The United States was voted off the commission for a period beginning in 2001. [10] Later, the United States withdrew from the council in 2018. [11]

Besides Eleanor Roosevelt, the position has attracted some well-known Americans, including four past members of the United States Congress, one of whom, Geraldine Ferraro, had been her party's nominee for vice president. The most recent person holding the position was Keith Harper, from June 2014 to January 2017. [12]

Ambassadors

The following is a chronological list of those who have held the position, under its various names. (It is unclear exactly when ambassadorial rank happened, but scattered references to the representatives as ambassadors can be found throughout the 1970s. [13] [14] [15] [16] ) The position has gone vacant at times when the Commission was not in session, or when no presidential appointment had been made or confirmed, or when the United States was not a member of the body.

United States Representative to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights
AmbassadorStart of TermEnd of Term
Eleanor Roosevelt [6] [7] 19471953
Mary Lord [17] 19531961
Marietta Tree 19611964
Morris B. Abram [18] 19651968
United States Representative to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, with rank of Ambassador
AmbassadorStart of TermEnd of Term
Rita Hauser [19] 19691972
Philip E. Hoffman [20] 19721975
Allard K. Lowenstein [21] 19771977
Edward Mezvinsky [22] 19771979
Jerome J. Shestack [23] 19791980
Michael Novak [24] 19811982
Richard Schifter 19831985
E. Robert Wallach 19861986
Armando Valladares [25] [26] 19881990
Geraldine Ferraro [27] [28] 19931996
Nancy Rubin [29] [30] [31] 19972000
Richard S. Williamson [32] 20042005
Rudy Boschwitz [9] 20052006
United States Representative to the United Nations Human Rights Council, with rank of Ambassador
AmbassadorStart of TermEnd of Term
Eileen Chamberlain Donahoe [33] 20102013
Peter F. Mulrean 20132014
Keith Harper [34] [12] 20142017

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References

  1. ↑ "U.S. Delegation to the HRC". United States Mission to the United Nations and Other International Organizations in Geneva . Retrieved October 30, 2010.
  2. ↑ "Nominations for U.S. Ambassador to the Human Rights Council and Conference on Disarmament" (Press release). The White House. November 9, 2009.
  3. ↑ "About Us". International Association of Jewish Lawyers and Jurists . Retrieved November 20, 2010.
  4. ↑ Hannay, David (December 2005). "Recommendations of the Secretary-General's High-level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change: A Member's Perspective". Journal of International Human Rights.
  5. ↑ "United States Mission Geneva". United States Mission to the United Nations and Other International Organizations in Geneva . Retrieved November 20, 2010.
  6. 1 2 3 "Eleanor Roosevelt", Current Biography Yearbook 1949 . Published 1950.
  7. 1 2 3 "Human Rights Commission". Eleanor Roosevelt National Historic Site. 2003. Retrieved November 17, 2010.
  8. ↑ "Mrs. Roosevelt Sees U.S. Uncertain on U.N." (PDF). The New York Times . February 18, 1947.
  9. 1 2 3 Johnson, Scott W. (April 25, 2005). "The Ambassador Nobody Knows". The Weekly Standard .
  10. ↑ "US Loses UN Human Rights Seat". Philippine Daily Inquirer . Agence France Press. May 5, 2001. p. A9.
  11. ↑ Koran, Laura (June 20, 2018). "US leaving UN Human Rights Council – 'a cesspool of political bias'". CNN.
  12. 1 2 "Archives: Ambassador Keith Harper, U.S. Permanent Representative to the UN Human Rights Council (June 2014 – January 2017)". United States Mission to the United Nations and Other International Organizations in Geneva. Retrieved April 8, 2017.
  13. ↑ "Powered by Google Docs". Docs.google.com. Retrieved 2010-11-20.
  14. ↑ [ Displaying Abstract ] (October 9, 1977). "Marriage Announcement 1 - No Title - Marriage Announcement - NYTimes.com" (PDF). New York Times. Retrieved 2010-11-20.
  15. ↑ The Ukrainian quarterly - Google Books. Books.google.com. 2007-08-09. Retrieved 2010-11-20.
  16. ↑ "U.S. Hits Soviets on Human Rights". The Gazette . Montreal. United Press International. November 25, 1980. p. 36.
  17. ↑ Goodman, George (July 23, 1978). "Mary Lord, 73, Dies; Held Post at U.N." (PDF). The New York Times . p. 36.
  18. ↑ "Oral Histories – Morris Abram". Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum. October 1, 2008.
  19. ↑ Gursky, Ruth. "Rita Eleanor Hauser". Jewish Women's Archive . Retrieved November 17, 2010.
  20. ↑ York, New (1993-06-08). "Philip Hoffman, Envoy To Un Rights Agency - Chicago Tribune". Articles.chicagotribune.com. Retrieved 2010-11-20.
  21. ↑ "Lowenstein, Allard Kenneth - Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved 2010-11-20.
  22. ↑ "Mezvinsky, Edward Maurice - Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved 2010-11-20.
  23. ↑ "Jerome Shestack Is Featured UI Human Rights Speaker Sept. 24 - University News Service - The University of Iowa". News-releases.uiowa.edu. Retrieved 2010-11-20.
  24. ↑ "Michael Novak - Right Web Profile - Right Web - Institute for Policy Studies". Rightweb.irc-online.org. Retrieved 2010-11-20.
  25. ↑ "U.S. Tones Down Strategy to Fight Cuba on Human Rights". Miami Herald . February 28, 1988. p. 1A.
  26. ↑ "Sims Flap Shows Miami at Divisive Worst". Miami Herald . January 8, 1991. p. 1B.
  27. ↑ Brozan, Nadine (October 23, 1993). "Chronicle". The New York Times .
  28. ↑ "Ferraro, Geraldine Anne, (1935 - )". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress . Retrieved 2008-08-30.
  29. ↑ "U.N. Blast Indonesia, Iraq, Cuba on Abuses". Fort Lauderdale Sun-Sentinel . April 17, 1997. p. 17A.
  30. ↑ "U.S. Will Press for Human Rights Abroad, Envoy Says". St. Louis Post-Dispatch . Reuters. April 25, 1998. p. 25.
  31. ↑ "U.N. Blasts Israel". Philadelphia Daily News . October 20, 2000. p. 40.
  32. ↑ Worden, Minky (April 27, 2004). "Sudan's Silent Scream". The New York Sun .
  33. ↑ "Eileen Chamberlain Donahoe Confirmed as US Representative to the Human Rights Council". United States Mission to the United Nations and Other International Organizations in Geneva. March 4, 2010.
  34. ↑ McCabe, David (June 4, 2014). "Senate Confirms First Native American Ambassador". Huffington Post.
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