Viken County Viken fylke | |
---|---|
Coordinates: 60°N10°E / 60°N 10°E | |
Country | Norway |
County | Viken |
District | Eastern Norway |
Established | 1 January 2020 |
• Preceded by | Buskerud, Akershus, and Østfold counties |
Disestablished | 1 January 2024 [1] |
• Succeeded by | Buskerud, Akershus, and Østfold counties |
Administrative centre | Oslo (county municipality) Drammen (council) |
Government | |
• Body | Viken County Municipality |
• Governor (2011) | Valgerd Svarstad Haugland (KrF) |
• County mayor (2020) | Roger Ryberg (Ap) |
Area (upon dissolution) | |
• Total | 24,593 km2 (9,495 sq mi) |
• Land | 22,768 km2 (8,791 sq mi) |
• Water | 1,824 km2 (704 sq mi) 7.4% |
• Rank | #6 in Norway |
Population (2021) | |
• Total | 1,252,384 |
• Rank | #1 in Norway |
• Density | 55/km2 (140/sq mi) |
• Change (10 years) | +13.5% |
Official language | |
• Norwegian form | Neutral |
Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
ISO 3166 code | NO-30 [3] |
Website | Official website |
Viken [4] was a short-lived county in Norway that existed from 1 January 2020 to 1 January 2024. Its name was derived from the historical region that has been defined as an area in what is now western Sweden since the late middle ages. The county was located in Eastern Norway when it was established on 1 January 2020 by the merger of Akershus, Buskerud and Østfold with the addition of the municipalities of Jevnaker, Lunner and the former Svelvik Municipality. Both its creation and its name—described as unhistorical by historians [5] [6] —were controversial from the onset, the merger was resisted by all the three counties and the new county had an approval rating of about 20% in the region. Viken has been compared to gerrymandering. [5] The newly constructed coat of arms of Viken lacked a historical basis and was described by experts as an amateurish logo that did not adhere to the rules of heraldry, and as "three flying saucers under a cap." [5] The county executive of Viken determined in 2019, before the merger had taken effect, that the county's disestablishment was its main political goal, and the formal process to dissolve Viken was initiated by the county executive right after the 2021 Norwegian parliamentary election in which parties seeking to reverse the merger won a majority. [7] [8] The political platform of the government of Jonas Gahr Støre stated that the government would dissolve Viken and re-establish Akershus, Buskerud and Østfold based on a request from the county itself. [9] [10] On 22 February 2022, the regional assembly of Viken approved the formal request to disestablish the county, and the disestablishment took effect on 1 January 2024. [11] [12]
Viken was home to over 1.2 million people, or 23% of the national population. [13] [14] The county seat is the national capital, Oslo, which is an enclave of Viken and is not part of the county. Oslo had been the seat of Akershus county since the Middle Ages. All of Viken is located in the historical Akershus, which included much of Eastern Norway. The county takes its name from the historical region of Viken, which has been defined as an area in Bohuslän, in what is now western Sweden, since the late Middle Ages, but which was formerly used loosely for the region around the Oslofjord in the earlier middle ages.
Viken was formed in 2020 by the merger of the counties Akershus, Buskerud, and Østfold. After the elected regional assemblies had voted against the proposed merger, a narrow majority of the right-wing parties in the Storting voted in 2017 to merge the counties in 2020 by force; in addition, the Storting voted to include Svelvik Municipality from Vestfold, and Jevnaker and Lunner municipalities from Oppland. [15]
Viken county takes its name from the historic region of Viken, which during the Viking Age loosely referred to the areas around the Oslofjord but became synonymous with Bohuslän (now in Sweden) during the Middle Ages. In Norway, the use of the name Viken was revived only by the fascist Nasjonal Samling during the Second World War to draw parallels to the Viking Age. It referred to Vestfold and Buskerud as Vest-Viken and Akershus (including most of modern Oslo) and Østfold as Øst-Viken. [16] The new Viken county does not include large parts of the historical Viken, including the region's historical centre Bohuslän, most of Vestfold or Oslo. [5] Viken County decided that the interim county capital will be Oslo.
Viken has been described, such as by the director of Oslo Museum Lars Roede, as an example of Sannermandering, named after the minister responsible, Jan Tore Sanner, and modelled after the term gerrymandering . [5] Roede described Viken as "an extreme monstrosity that flies in the face of geography and history" that is "reminiscent of manipulated electoral districts in the United States" and deeply unpopular in the affected regions. Roede also criticised "the amateurish logos and unhistorical names". [5]
Viken county was widely perceived as lacking legitimacy, with an approval rating of 20% in the region, and was opposed by the former counties concerned. A common complaint was the inclusion of inland mountain areas like Ål and Hemsedal, which lack a cultural connection to the Oslofjord area. Another common complaint was the non-inclusion of Oslo although it has been the capital of Akershus since the Middle Ages and is the county that has the closest ties to Akershus. Most of Akershus is part of the Oslo metropolitan area. [17] On 1 October 2019, the newly-elected governing majority parties in the planned county declared their intention of seeking to dissolve Viken and to re-establish the counties of Akershus, Buskerud and Østfold. [18] The official governing platform of Viken county stated, "Viken is an ill-considered construction. The Storting has merged Akershus, Buskerud and Østfold against their will". It declared that the disestablishment of Viken was the main political goal of the county administration. For the same reason, the county council decided that it would not do anything to merge the counties in practice or establish a common county administration. Instead, the existing counties continued to function at their current locations in anticipation of their formal re-establishment. [12]
In the 2021 parliamentary election, the parties that seek to dissolve Viken won a majority, and the Centre Party made the disestablishment of Viken a condition for participating in a new government. [19] Immediately after the election, the county executive initiated the formal process to dissolve Viken. [7] [8]
The county coat of arms was adopted in 2020 and based on a citizen's proposal. Therefore, it bears no resemblance to older heraldic arms from the area. The historian Lars Roede criticised the coat of arms as an "amateurish logo" and wrote that the coat of arms "does not adhere to the requirements of good heraldry" and so would have been rejected by heraldic experts in the National Archives. He stated that "looks like three flying saucers under [a] cap" and is "a logo, not a heraldic coat of arms". [5]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2023) |
Viken County had a total of 51 municipalities, all created in 2020: [21] [22]
Municipality No. | Name | Population on 1 January 2020 [23] | Former Municipality No. | Former County |
---|---|---|---|---|
3001 | Halden | 31,373 | 0101 Halden | Østfold |
3002 | Moss | 49,273 | 0104 Moss 0136 Rygge | |
3003 | Sarpsborg | 56,732 | 0105 Sarpsborg | |
3004 | Fredrikstad | 82,385 | 0106 Fredrikstad | |
3005 | Drammen | 101,386 | 0602 Drammen 0625 Nedre Eiker | Buskerud |
0711 Svelvik | Vestfold | |||
3006 | Kongsberg | 27,723 | 0604 Kongsberg | Buskerud |
3007 | Ringerike | 30,641 | 0605 Ringerike | |
3011 | Hvaler | 4,668 | 0111 Hvaler | Østfold |
3012 | Aremark | 1,325 | 0118 Aremark | |
3013 | Marker | 3,595 | 0119 Marker | |
3014 | Indre Østfold | 44,792 | 0122 Trøgstad 0123 Spydeberg 0124 Askim 0125 Eidsberg 0138 Hobøl | |
3015 | Skiptvet | 3,805 | 0127 Skiptvet | |
3016 | Rakkestad | 8,255 | 0128 Rakkestad | |
3017 | Råde | 7,508 | 0135 Råde | |
3018 | Våler | 5,736 | 0137 Våler | |
3019 | Vestby | 18,042 | 0211 Vestby | Akershus |
3020 | Nordre Follo | 59,288 | 0213 Ski 0217 Oppegård | |
3021 | Ås | 20,439 | 0214 Ås | |
3022 | Frogn | 15,877 | 0215 Frogn | |
3023 | Nesodden | 19,616 | 0216 Nesodden | |
3024 | Bærum | 127,731 | 0219 Bærum | |
3025 | Asker | 94,441 | 0220 Asker | |
0627 Røyken 0628 Hurum | Buskerud | |||
3026 | Aurskog-Høland | 17,390 | 0121 Rømskog | Østfold |
0222 Aurskog-Høland | Akershus | |||
3027 | Rælingen | 18,530 | 0228 Rælingen | |
3028 | Enebakk | 11,110 | 0229 Enebakk | |
3029 | Lørenskog | 41,460 | 0230 Lørenskog | |
3030 | Lillestrøm | 85,983 | 0226 Sørum 0227 Fet 0231 Skedsmo | |
3031 | Nittedal | 24,249 | 0233 Nittedal | |
3032 | Gjerdrum | 6,890 | 0234 Gjerdrum | |
3033 | Ullensaker | 39,625 | 0235 Ullensaker | |
3034 | Nes | 23,092 | 0236 Nes | |
3035 | Eidsvoll | 25,436 | 0237 Eidsvoll | |
3036 | Nannestad | 14,139 | 0238 Nannestad | |
3037 | Hurdal | 2,854 | 0239 Hurdal | |
3038 | Hole | 6,799 | 0612 Hole | Buskerud |
3039 | Flå | 1,050 | 0615 Flå | |
3040 | Nesbyen | 3,273 | 0616 Nes | |
3041 | Gol | 4,608 | 0617 Gol | |
3042 | Hemsedal | 2,486 | 0618 Hemsedal | |
3043 | Ål | 4,674 | 0619 Ål | |
3044 | Hol | 4,441 | 0620 Hol | |
3045 | Sigdal | 3,467 | 0621 Sigdal | |
3046 | Krødsherad | 2,212 | 0622 Krødsherad | |
3047 | Modum | 14,115 | 0623 Modum | |
3048 | Øvre Eiker | 19,423 | 0624 Øvre Eiker | |
3049 | Lier | 26,811 | 0626 Lier | |
3050 | Flesberg | 2,688 | 0631 Flesberg | |
3051 | Rollag | 1,390 | 0632 Rollag | |
3052 | Nore og Uvdal | 2,439 | 0633 Nore og Uvdal | |
3053 | Jevnaker | 6,852 | 0532 Jevnaker | Oppland |
3054 | Lunner | 9,048 | 0533 Lunner |
Akershus is a county in Norway, with Oslo as its administrative centre. Akershus has been a region in Eastern Norway with Oslo as its main city since the Middle Ages, and is named after the Akershus Fortress in Oslo and ultimately after the medieval farm Aker in Oslo. From the Middle Ages to 1919, Akershus was a main fief and main county that included most of Eastern Norway, and from the 17th century until 2020 and again from 2024, Akershus also has a more narrow meaning as a smaller central county in the Greater Oslo Region. Akershus is Norway's largest county by population with over 716,000 inhabitants.
Buskerud is a county and a current electoral district in Norway, bordering Akershus, Oslo, Innlandet, Vestland, Telemark and Vestfold. The region extends from the Oslofjord and Drammensfjorden in the southeast to Hardangervidda mountain range in the northwest. The county administration was in modern times located in Drammen. Buskerud was merged with Akershus and Østfold into the newly created Viken County on 1 January 2020. On the 23 February 2022 Viken County Council voted in a 49 against 38 decision to submit an application to the Norwegian government for a county demerger. Due to this, Buskerud was re-established in 2024.
Østfold is a county in Eastern Norway, which from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2023 was part of Viken. Østfold borders Akershus and southwestern Sweden, while Buskerud and Vestfold are on the other side of Oslofjord. The county's administrative seat is Sarpsborg. The county controversially became part of the newly established Viken County on 1 January 2020. On 1 January 2024, Østfold was re-established as an independent county, however without the former municipality of Rømskog, which was amalgamated with the Akershus municipality Aurskog-Høland in 2020.
Røyken is a district and village (bygd) and a former municipality in Buskerud in Viken County, Norway. In 2020 Røyken was merged with the municipalities of Hurum and Asker to form the new Asker Municipality located in the newly formed Viken county. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Midtbygda. The parish of Røken was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838.
Hurum was a municipality in Buskerud county, Norway. As of 1 January 2020 Hurum has merged with the municipalities of Røyken and Asker to form the new Asker Municipality located in the newly formed Viken county. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village Sætre. The municipality of Hurum was established on 1 January 1838. The small village of Holmsbu was granted town status in 1847, but it did not become a municipality of its own. It lost its town status on 1 January 1964.
Norway is divided into 15 administrative regions, called counties which until 1918 were known as amter. The counties form the first-level administrative divisions of Norway and are further subdivided into 356 municipalities. The island territories of Svalbard and Jan Mayen are outside the county division and ruled directly at the national level. The capital Oslo is both a county and a municipality.
Viken, or Vika, was the historical name during the Viking Age and the High Middle Ages for an area of Scandinavia that originally surrounded the Oslofjord and included the coast of Bohuslän. Its definition changed over time, and from the Middle Ages, Viken included only Bohuslän.
Eastern Norway is the geographical region of the south-eastern part of Norway. It consists of the counties Oslo, Akershus, Vestfold, Østfold, Buskerud, Telemark, and Innlandet.
Oslo bishopric is the Church of Norway's bishopric for the municipalities of Oslo, Asker and Bærum. It is one of Norway's five traditional bishoprics and was founded around the year 1070.
The following are lists of county governors of the various counties of Norway. The Norwegian counties are under the supervision of county governors, appointed by the Norwegian government. Historically, there were larger diocesan counties that supervised smaller subordinate counties as well. This distinction was abolished on 1 January 1919. On 1 January 2020, there was a major reorganization and reduction of counties in Norway.
The Borgarting Court of Appeal is one of six intermediate courts of appeal in the Kingdom of Norway. The Court is located in the city of Oslo. The court has jurisdiction over the counties of Oslo and western Viken. These areas constitute the Borgarting judicial district. This court can rule on both civil and criminal cases that are appealed from one of its subordinate district courts. Court decisions can be, to a limited extent, appealed to the Supreme Court of Norway. The court has 62 judges and 45 administrative staff. The chief judicial officer of the court is currently Marianne Vollan. The court is administered by the Norwegian National Courts Administration.
Indre Østfold is a mostly rural countryside region north in the former county of Østfold county in Norway, noted for its mostly unspoilt nature and for its agriculture.
Østfold County Municipality was the regional governing administration of the old Østfold county in Norway. The county municipality was established in its most recent form on 1 January 1976 when the law was changed to allow elected county councils in Norway. The county municipality was dissolved on 1 January 2020, when Østfold was merged with the neighboring counties of Akershus and Buskerud, creating the new Viken county which is led by the Viken County Municipality. The administrative seat is located in Sarpsborg and the county mayor was Ole Haabeth.
Vestfold og Telemark was a county in Norway, which existed from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2023. The county was the southernmost one of Eastern Norway and consisted of two distinct and separate traditional regions: the former counties of Telemark and Vestfold. The capital was located in the town of Skien, which was also the county's largest city. While Skien was the seat of the county municipality, the seat of the County Governor was Tønsberg. It bordered the counties of Viken, Vestland, Rogaland and Agder until its dissolution.
Local elections were held in Norway on 9 September 2019. Voters elected representatives to municipal and county councils, which are responsible for education, public transport, health, and elderly care, and for the levy of certain taxes.
Road tolling to finance bridges, tunnels and roads has a long history in Norway. The cities Oslo, Bergen and Trondheim introduced toll rings between 1986 and 1991 as a means to discourage urban traffic and to finance infrastructure projects around those cities. Today toll rings circumscribe Oslo, Kristiansand, Stavanger, Haugesund, Bergen, Askøy, Bodø, Harstad, Grenland, Førde and Trondheim. Besides toll rings, road tolls are installed to finance certain road projects, and often also on the existing road to discourage people from using it. Some tolls use congestion pricing and/or environmentally differentiated toll rates.
The 2023 Norwegian local elections were held on 11 September 2023. Voters elected representatives to municipal and county councils, which are responsible for education, public transportation, healthcare, elderly care, waste disposal, the levy of certain taxes, and more. All council seats were up for election across the 15 counties and 357 municipalities of Norway.
is a former municipality in Vestfold county, Norway. The 58-square-kilometre (22 sq mi) municipality existed from 1845 until its dissolution in 2020. The area is now part of Drammen Municipality in Buskerud county. The administrative centre was the town of Svelvik. The other population centres in Svelvik included Nesbygda and Berger.
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