Vinaceous-breasted amazon

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Vinaceous-breasted amazon
Amazona vinacea Vinaceous-breasted Parrot; Urupema,Santa Catarina, Brazil (cropped).jpg
Amazona vinacea Vinaceous-breasted Parrot; Urupema,Santa Catarina, Brazil.jpg
CITES Appendix I (CITES) [2]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Psittaciformes
Family: Psittacidae
Genus: Amazona
Species:
A. vinacea
Binomial name
Amazona vinacea
(Kuhl, 1820)
Amazona vinacea map.svg

The vinaceous-breasted amazon (Amazona vinacea), also called the vinaceous-breasted parrot and occasionally simply vinaceous amazon/parrot is an endangered species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. [3] [1] It is found in Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay. [4]

Contents

Taxonomy and systematics

The vinaceous-breasted amazon is monotypic. [3]

At Iguazu Bird Park, Brazil Amazona vinacea -Iguazu Bird Park, Brazil-8a.jpg
At Iguazu Bird Park, Brazil

Description

The vinaceous-breasted amazon is 30 to 36 cm (12 to 14 in) long. It is mostly green, with red lores and forehead, a turquoise nape, and a lilac breast. Its carpal edge, speculum, and base of the outer tail feathers are red. Its primaries have blue to black ends. Its bill has a rosy pink to red base and a horn-colored tip. Its iris is red-orange to chestnut surrounded by pale gray skin and its legs and feet are gray. [5] [6]

Distribution and habitat

The vinaceous-breasted amazon has a disjunct distribution. It is found in scattered locations generally from Brazil's São Paulo state south into Rio Grande do Sul, eastern Paraguay, and far northeastern Argentina's Misiones Province. It formerly occurred as far north as Bahia and south to Argentina's Corrientes Province. It inhabits a wide variety of landscapes within the Atlantic Forest biome but seems to concentrate in mixed forest with large amounts of paraná pine ( Araucaria angustifolia ). It also occurs in small forest patches, young secondary forest, pastures and grasslands with scattered trees, plantations of introduced pine and Eucalyptus , and around towns. [5] [6]

Behavior

Movement

The vinaceous-breasted amazon does not seem to have a uniform pattern of migration. It is present in some areas only during the breeding season but is a year-round resident in others. [5]

Feeding

The vinaceous-breasted amazon forages mostly in tree-tops and often in flocks. Seeds of paraná pine are a primary food source during winter but the species has been observed feeding on seeds, fruits, buds, and flowers of more than 30 plant species both native and introduced. [5]

Breeding

The vinaceous-breasted amazon breeds mainly between August and December but the season may sometimes extend into March. It nests in tree cavities, some of them created by rot and others previously excavated by woodpeckers. The clutch size is two to four eggs. The female appears to do almost all of the incubation, which lasts about a month. Both parents provision nestlings; in captivity the time to fledging is about seven to 10 weeks after hatch. [5]

Vocalization

The vinaceous-breasted amazon is usually silent at the nest and when foraging but highly vocal in flight and when perched away from the nest. Its typical call is described by one author as "'creo creo" or "crau crau", [5] and by another as "wout-wout-" or "wi-rout wi-rout". [6]

Status

The IUCN originally assessed the vinaceous-breasted amazon in 1988 as Threatened, then in 1994 as Endangered, in 2004 as Vulnerable, and since 2009 again as Endangered. It has a very fragmented range and its estimated population of fewer than 2500 mature individuals is believed to be decreasing. Much of its habitat in the Atlantic Forest region has been cleared for timber, agriculture, and human settlement. It is a popular cage bird, and despite prohibitions, capture for the pet trade remains a threat. [1] Large trees for nesting are scarce in some areas. Destruction of paraná pine seedlings by farmers and illegal harvest of their seeds threatens the parrot's primary winter food. [5]

The vinaceous-breasted amazon's nesting is affected by competition from Africanized bees (Apis mellifera scutellata), an invasive species that has spread throughout South and Central America. It occupies potential nest cavities before the parrots can and sometimes takes over active nest cavities. [7]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amazon parrot</span> Genus of birds

Amazon parrots are parrots in the genus Amazona. They are medium-sized, short-tailed parrots native to the Americas, with their range extending from South America to Mexico and the Caribbean. Amazona is one of the 92 genera of parrots that make up the order Psittaciformes and is in the family Psittacidae, one of three families of true parrots. It contains about thirty species. Most amazons are predominantly green, with accenting colors that depend on the species, and they can be quite vivid. They feed primarily on seeds, nuts, and fruits, supplemented by leafy matter.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pacific parakeet</span> Species of bird

The Pacific parakeet, known as Pacific conure or Nicaraguan green conure in aviculture, is a species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is found in southern Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Imperial amazon</span> Species of rare bird in the Caribbean

The imperial amazon or Dominican amazon, also known as the sisserou or sisserou parrot, is a parrot found only on the Caribbean island of Dominica. It has been designated as the national bird of Dominica. The species is critically endangered. In 2019, it was estimated there were only about 50 mature individuals left in the wild.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Saint Vincent amazon</span> Species of bird

The Saint Vincent amazon, also known as Saint Vincent parrot, is a large, approximately 40 cm (16 in) long, multi-colored amazon parrot with a yellowish white, blue and green head, greenish-bronze upperparts plumage, and violet blue-green wings.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Blue-cheeked amazon</span> Species of bird

The blue-cheeked amazon, also known as blue-cheeked parrot or Dufresne's amazon, is a Near Threatened species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is found in Brazil, the Guianas, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Red-tailed amazon</span> Species of bird

The red-tailed amazon, also known as the red-tailed parrot, is a species of parrot in the family Psittacidae. It is endemic to coastal regions in the south-east Brazilian states of São Paulo and Paraná. The bird has been threatened by habitat loss and capture for the wild bird trade, and is a symbol of the efforts to conserve one of the Earth's most biologically diverse ecosystems. Consequently, it is considered Near Threatened by BirdLife International and the IUCN. In 1991–92, the population had fallen below 2000 individuals. Following on-going conservation efforts, a count and estimate from 2015 suggests a population of 9,000–10,000, indicating that this species is recovering from earlier persecution. A recent study shows that the population of this species is stable at Paraná state, Southern Brazil, revealing population trend fluctuation during the last 12 years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kawall's amazon</span> Species of bird

Kawall's amazon, also known as the white-faced amazon, white-cheeked amazon or Kawall's parrot, is a relatively large species of parrot in the family Psittacidae. It is endemic to the south-central Amazon. After not having been recorded in the wild for around 70 years, the species was rediscovered in the 1980s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Red-browed amazon</span> Species of bird

The red-browed amazon is a species of parrot in the family Psittacidae. It is endemic to Atlantic Forest in eastern Brazil. It has been considered a subspecies of the blue-cheeked amazon, but today all major authorities consider them separate species. It is threatened both by habitat loss and by being captured for the trade in wild parrots.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tucumán amazon</span> Species of bird

The Tucumán amazon, also known as the Tucumán parrot, alder amazon, or alder parrot, is a vulnerable species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is found in Argentina and Bolivia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hispaniolan amazon</span> Species of parrot endemic to Hispaniola

The Hispaniolan parrot, also known as Hispaniolan amazon, is a species of psittaciform bird of the family Psittacidae endemic to Hispaniola, which includes the Dominican Republic and Haiti. Its white forehead, light beak, white eye-ring, blue ear patch, and maroon belly patch are the main features that differentiate it from other amazons. Its body measures about 28 centimeters in length. A typical adult weighs 250g (8.75 oz).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Saint Lucia amazon</span> Species of bird

The Saint Lucia amazon, also known as the St. Lucia amazon and St. Lucia parrot, is a Vulnerable species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is endemic to Saint Lucia in the Lesser Antilles and is the country's national bird.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yucatan amazon</span> Species of bird

The Yucatan amazon, also known as the yellow-lored amazon, Yucatan parrot or yellow-lored parrot is a species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is found in Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Slender-billed parakeet</span> Species of bird

The slender-billed parakeet is a species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is endemic to Chile, where it is known by the local common name choroy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caica parrot</span> Species of bird

The caica parrot is a species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is found in Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Scaly-headed parrot</span> Species of bird

The scaly-headed parrot is a species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is also called scaly-headed pionus, Maximilian pionus, Maximilian parrot, Maximilian's pionus, or Maximilian's parrot. It is found in Brazil, Bolivia, Argentina, and Paraguay.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Saffron toucanet</span> Species of bird

The saffron toucanet is a species of bird in the family Ramphastidae found in the Atlantic Forest in far north-eastern Argentina, south-eastern Brazil, and eastern Paraguay.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rose-fronted parakeet</span> Species of bird

The rose-fronted parakeet, known as the rose-fronted conure in aviculture, is a species of bird in the subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lilacine amazon</span> Subspecies of bird

The lilacine amazon or Ecuadorian red-lored amazon is an amazon parrot native to Ecuador in South America. According to the IOC World Bird List, it is still considered to be a subspecies of the red-lored amazon, although Birdlife International considers it to be a separate species, as Amazona lilacina - as does the International Union for Conservation of Nature for the purposes of the IUCN Red List, rating the lilacine amazon as critically endangered.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cuban parakeet</span> Species of bird

The Cuban parakeet is a Vulnerable species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is endemic to the island of Cuba.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tres Marías amazon</span> Species of bird

The Tres Marías amazon is a subspecies of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is endemic to the Islas Marías off the Pacific coast of Mexico.

References

  1. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2017). "Vinaceous-breasted Amazon Amazona vinacea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T22686374A118954406. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22686374A118954406.en . Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  2. ↑ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved February 24, 2023.
  3. 1 2 Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P., eds. (January 2023). "Parrots, cockatoos". IOC World Bird List. v 13.1. Retrieved 18 February 2023.
  4. ↑ Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. 30 January 2023. Species Lists of Birds for South American Countries and Territories. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCCountryLists.htm retrieved January 30, 2023
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Cockle, K. L. and A. Bodrati (2020). Vinaceous-breasted Parrot (Amazona vinacea), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.vinpar1.01 retrieved February 28, 2023
  6. 1 2 3 van Perlo, Ber (2009). A Field Guide to the Birds of Brazil. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 132–133. ISBN   978-0-19-530155-7.
  7. ↑ Efstathion, Caroline A.; Bardunias, Paul M.; Boyd, Janice D; Kern, William H. Jr. (2015). "A push-pull integrated pest management scheme for preventing use of parrot nest boxes by invasive Africanized honey bees". Journal of Field Ornithology. 86 (1): 65–72. doi:10.1111/jofo.12089 . Retrieved February 28, 2023.
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