Vinous-throated parrotbill | |
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S. w. bulomachus, Taiwan | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Clade: | Dinosauria |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Passeriformes |
Family: | Paradoxornithidae |
Genus: | Suthora |
Species: | S. webbiana |
Binomial name | |
Suthora webbiana Gould, 1852 | |
Synonyms | |
Sinosuthora webbiana |
The vinous-throated parrotbill (Suthora webbiana) is a species of parrotbill in the family Paradoxornithidae; formerly, it was placed in the closely related Sylviidae or Timaliidae. It is found in China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia, Taiwan, and Vietnam. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.
The vinous-throated parrotbill was described in 1852 by John Gould and placed in the genus Suthora , where it sat with other small browner parrotbills. Later parrotbills were merged into two genera, Conostoma and Paradoxornis; with this species being placed in Paradoxornis. Recent DNA studies have shown that the genus Paradoxornis is paraphyletic, and that it should be split. It is suggested that the vinous-throated parrotbill should be placed in the genus Sinosuthora. The vinous-throated parrotbill is very closely related to the ashy-throated parrotbill, and hybrids have been reported between the two species in Vietnam and China, as well as in Italy where both species have become established. [2] It is now placed in its original genus, the Suthora in International Ornithologists' Union bird list 13.2. [3]
The specific name webbiana commemorates the English botanist Philip Barker Webb. The species is sometimes referred to as Webb's parrotbill. [4]
The vinous-throated parrotbill occurs from northern Vietnam to southern Manchuria, and occupies a wide range of habitats across its range. It is generally found in somewhat open wooded habitats, including scrub, woodland of early successional to late mature secondary stages, forest edges, thickets and bamboo stands. It also occurs in hedges, reeds and marshes. They also will adapt to human modified habitats such as tea plantations and plant nurseries. In China it is found in lower montane areas. In Sichuan it is replaced at 1,000 m (3,300 ft) above sea level by the ashy-throated parrotbill, whereas in Taiwan, where it is the only species of parrotbill, it occurs from sea level to 3,100 m (10,200 ft) and occupies the widest niche of any bird on that island. [5]
The vinous-throated parrotbill is a relatively small and long-tailed parrotbill. It measures between 11 and 12.5 cm (4.3–4.9 in) in length. The weight varies slightly by sex, with males weighing between 8.5 to 11 g (0.30–0.39 oz) and the females weighing 7 to 12 g (0.25–0.42 oz)[ verification needed ]. The tail is graduated and like other parrotbills the bill is short and has the nostrils concealed by feather bristles. The plumage is similar for both sexes, which in the nominate is warm brown on the upperparts, dark brown on the wings (tinged with chestnut on the flight feathers). The upper breast and throat are pinkish-cream with brown streaks on the throat. The flanks are similar to the upperparts but slightly buffy, and the belly is cream-buff merging into the breast. The crown and forehead are rufescent brown, with a pale grey iris and the bill is either slate grey or brown with a paler or yellow tip.
Like other parrotbills and indeed related babblers, the vinous-throated parrotbill is a highly social species, usually encountered in groups. These flocks vary in size through the year, being at their smallest during the breeding season and increasing to as many as 140 individual birds in the winter. The members of winter flocks in Taiwan were described by a study as having four categories of member: core members, which never left the flock; regular members, which generally stayed in the flock but visited or briefly joined other flocks; floaters, which moved around between flocks; and peripheral members, which were only seen for less than two months and were assumed to be visitors from other areas. The ranges of large winter flocks can overlap with that of other flocks and flocks passing close together retain their cohesion.
The parrotbills are a family, Paradoxornithidae, of passerine birds that are primarily native to East and Southeast Asia, though feral populations exist elsewhere. They are generally small, long-tailed birds that inhabit reedbeds and similar habitats. They feed mainly on seeds, e.g. of grasses, to which their bill, as the name implies, is well-adapted. Living in tropical to southern temperate climates, they are usually non-migratory.
The ashy-throated parrotbill is a parrotbill. In old sources, it may be called Alphonse's crow-tit; though superficially resembling a tit it is not a member of the Paridae. The native range of this species extends from south-west China to northern Vietnam, and it might have become naturalised in one area in Italy.
The great parrotbill is a bird species the Paradoxornithidae family. It is found in Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, and Nepal. It was previously placed in a monotypic genus, the Conostoma.
The brown-winged parrotbill is a parrotbill often placed with the Old World babblers or in the Sylviidae, but it actually seems to belong to the distinct family Paradoxornithidae.
The spectacled parrotbill is a species of parrotbill bird in the family Paradoxornithidae. It is endemic to central China. Its natural habitats are temperate forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.
The short-tailed parrotbill is a species of bird in the family Paradoxornithidae. It is found in China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.
The fulvous parrotbill is a species of parrotbill in the family Paradoxornithidae. The species is also known as the fulvous-fronted parrotbill, the fulvous-fronted suthora, and the fulvous-fronted crowtit. The species, along with several others from the genus Suthora, is sometimes placed in the genus Paradoxornis. The species has four subspecies; the nominate subspecies from central Nepal, Bhutan and north-east India; P. f. chayulensis from north India and south China; P. f. albifacies from north Burma and nearby south China, and P. f. cyanophrys from central China.
The grey-headed parrotbill is a parrotbill in the family Sylviidae and is found in eastern Asia from the Himalayas to Indochina and Hainan.
The reed parrotbill is a species of bird in the family Paradoxornithidae. It is found in Manchuria and eastern China and the Russian Far East. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The black-throated parrotbill is a parrotbill species often placed with the Old World babblers or in a distinct family Sylviidae, but it actually seems to belong to the distinct family Paradoxornithidae.
Przevalski's parrotbill or the rusty-throated parrotbill, is a species of parrotbill in the family Paradoxornithidae. It is endemic to a small area of central China. Its natural habitat is temperate forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The rufous-headed parrotbill, or greater rufous-headed parrotbill, is a parrotbill in the family Paradoxornithidae and is found in eastern Asia from the eastern Himalayas to Indochina.
The brown parrotbill is a parrotbill found in the central and eastern Himalayas. It is also known as the brown suthora. This is a 17–19 cm (6.7–7.5 in) long grey-brown bird with a long tail and a characteristic small, yellowish, parrot-like bill. A dark stripe runs above the eyes and along the sides of the crown. The bird moves in small groups and will sometimes join mixed species foraging flocks. It is found in Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, and Nepal.
The golden parrotbill is a species of parrotbill in the family Sylviidae. It is found in China, Laos, Japan, Myanmar, Taiwan, and Vietnam. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.
The grey-hooded parrotbill is a species of parrotbill in the family Paradoxornithidae. It is endemic to China. Its natural habitats are temperate forests and temperate shrubland. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The Yunnan parrotbill is a parrotbill in the Old World babbler family. This 10 cm long parrotbill is endemic to China, breeding in northwest Yunnan.
The white-breasted parrotbill is a bird species often placed with the Old World babblers or in a distinct family Paradoxornithidae, but it actually seems to belong to the Sylviidae.
The black-headed parrotbill is a bird species often placed with the Old World babblers or in the Sylviidae, but it actually seems to belong to the distinct family Paradoxornithidae.
Sinosuthora is a genus of passerine birds in the family Paradoxornithidae.
Webbianusm., Webbianaf. or Webbianumn. may refer to several flora or fauna species including: