The WAMPAS Baby Stars was a promotional campaign sponsored by the United States Western Association of Motion Picture Advertisers, which honored 13 (15 in 1932) young actresses each year whom they believed to be on the threshold of movie stardom. The campaign ran from 1922 to 1934, except for 1930 and 1933.
Most failed to live up to their promotion. However, a small number of the selections went on to become major movie stars: Colleen Moore (1922), Jobyna Ralston (1923), Clara Bow (1924), Janet Gaynor (1926), Fay Wray (1926), Dolores del Rio (1926), Dolores Costello (1926), Mary Astor (1926), Joan Crawford (1926), Loretta Young (1929), Jean Arthur (1929), Joan Blondell (1931) and Ginger Rogers (1932). Gaynor, Astor, Crawford, Young and Rogers all were awarded the Academy Award for Best Actress during their careers, with Gaynor receiving the first one during the first year of the award's existence.
Clara Bow was a Silent era star known as The It Girl. She was Hollywood's greatest female draw at her peak and her final film was in 1933. Bow was also in the first movie to receive the Academy Award for Outstanding Picture, Wings , in 1929. Arthur and Blondell had long and fruitful careers in Hollywood, the former as a lead actress, the latter usually in supporting roles after the Pre-Code era.
Others with significant Hollywood careers included Evelyn Brent (1923), Joyce Compton (1926), Lupe Velez (1928), Constance Cummings (1931, who decamped to England), Frances Dee (1931), and Gloria Stuart (1932, whose career revived in the 1990s and she received a nomination as Best Supporting Actress for her role in Titanic ).
The WAMPAS Baby Stars campaign began in 1922. Every year, publicists chose a group of young actresses who were under contract at major studios that they felt were on the threshold of stardom. Awardees were honored at a party called the "WAMPAS Frolic" and were given extensive media coverage. The awards were not given in 1930 and 1933 due to objections from independent film studios. [1] When the campaign was revived in 1934, freelance actresses, along with studio contract players, were included as the chosen "Baby Stars". [2] The campaign was discarded in 1935, after which the Western Association of Motion Picture Advertisers disbanded. [2]
In 1956, a group of veteran stars, among them 1932 WAMPAS Baby Star Ginger Rogers, chose a group of young actresses supposed to be known as The Wampas Baby Stars of 1956. [3] The Western Association of Motion Picture Advertisers no longer existed so the idea fizzled. The selection took place nevertheless;15 "babies" were chosen: Phyllis Applegate, Roxanne Arlen, Jolene Brand, Donna Cooke, Barbara Huffman (later known as Barbara Eden), Jewell Lain, Barbara Marks [3] [4] , Lita Milan, Norma Nilsson, Ina Poindexter, Violet Rensin, Dawn Richard, and Delfin Thursday. [5]
The last surviving original WAMPAS Baby Star, Mary Carlisle, died at the age of 104 on August 1, 2018. [6]
‡ | Denotes actress born outside the United States |
Actress | Lifespan | Birthplace | Image | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Marion Aye | 1903–1951 | Chicago, Illinois, U.S. | [7] | |
Helen Ferguson | 1901–1977 | Decatur, Illinois, U.S. | [8] | |
Lila Lee | 1905–1973 | Union Hill, New Jersey, U.S. | [9] | |
Jacqueline Logan | 1904–1983 | Corsicana, Texas, U.S. | [10] | |
Louise Lorraine | 1904–1981 | San Francisco, California, U.S. | [11] | |
Bessie Love | 1898–1986 | Midland, Texas, U.S. | [12] | |
Kathryn McGuire | 1903–1978 | Peoria, Illinois, U.S. | [13] | |
Patsy Ruth Miller | 1904–1995 | St. Louis, Missouri, U.S. | [14] | |
Colleen Moore | 1899–1988 | Port Huron, Michigan, U.S. | [15] | |
Mary Philbin | 1902–1993 | Chicago, Illinois, U.S. | [16] | |
Pauline Starke | 1901–1977 | Joplin, Missouri, U.S. | [17] | |
Lois Wilson | 1894–1988 | Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S. | [18] | |
Claire Windsor | 1892–1972 | Marvin, Kansas, U.S. | [19] | |
Actress | Lifespan | Birthplace | Image | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Eleanor Boardman | 1898–1991 | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. | [20] | |
Evelyn Brent | 1895–1975 | Tampa, Florida, U.S. | [21] | |
Dorothy Devore | 1899–1976 | Fort Worth, Texas, U.S. | [22] | |
Virginia Brown Faire | 1904–1980 | Brooklyn, New York City, U.S. | [20] | |
Betty Francisco | 1900–1950 | Little Rock, Arkansas, U.S. | [23] | |
Pauline Garon | 1900–1965 | Montreal, Quebec, Canada | [19] | |
Kathleen Key | 1903–1954 | Buffalo, New York, U.S. | [24] | |
Laura La Plante | 1904–1996 | St. Louis, Missouri, U.S. | [20] | |
Margaret Leahy | 1902–1967 | London, England, U.K. | [25] | |
Helen Lynch | 1900–1965 | Billings, Montana, U.S. | [26] | |
Derelys Perdue | 1902–1989 | Los Angeles, California, U.S. | [27] | |
Jobyna Ralston | 1899–1967 | South Pittsburg, Tennessee, U.S. | [20] | |
Ethel Shannon | 1898–1951 | Denver, Colorado, U.S. | [28] |
Actress | Lifespan | Birthplace | Image | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Clara Bow | 1905–1965 | Brooklyn, New York City, U.S. | [29] | |
Elinor Fair | 1903–1957 | Richmond, Virginia, U.S. | [9] | |
Carmelita Geraghty | 1901–1966 | Rushville, Indiana, U.S. | [30] | |
Gloria Grey | 1909–1947 | Portland, Oregon, U.S. | [31] | |
Ruth Hiatt | 1906–1994 | Cripple Creek, Colorado, U.S. | [32] | |
Julanne Johnston | 1900–1988 | Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S. | [33] | |
Hazel Keener | 1904–1979 | Fairbury, Illinois, U.S. | [33] | |
Dorothy Mackaill | 1903–1990 | Kingston upon Hull, England, U.K. | [33] | |
Blanche Mehaffey | 1908–1968 | Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S. | [34] | |
Margaret Morris | 1898–1968 | Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S. | [35] | |
Marian Nixon | 1904–1983 | Superior, Wisconsin, U.S. | [36] | |
Lucille Ricksen | 1910–1925 | Chicago, Illinois, U.S. | [37] | |
Alberta Vaughn | 1904–1992 | Ashland, Kentucky, U.S. | [38] | |
Actress | Lifespan | Birthplace | Image | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Betty Arlen | 1909–1966 | Providence, Kentucky, U.S. | [39] | |
Olive Borden | 1906–1947 | Richmond, Virginia, U.S. | [40] | |
Anne Cornwall | 1897–1980 | Brooklyn, New York City, U.S. | [41] | |
Ena Gregory ‡ | 1906–1993 | Sydney, New South Wales, Australia | [42] | |
Madeline Hurlock | 1897–1989 | Federalsburg, Maryland, U.S. | [43] | |
Natalie Joyce | 1902–1992 | Norfolk, Virginia, U.S. | [44] | |
Violet La Plante | 1908–1984 | St. Louis, Missouri, U.S. | [45] | |
June Marlowe | 1903–1984 | St. Cloud, Minnesota, U.S. | [46] | |
Joan Meredith | 1907–1980 | Hot Springs, Arkansas, U.S. | [47] | |
Evelyn Peirce | 1908–1960 | Del Rio, Texas, U.S. | [48] | |
Dorothy Revier | 1904–1993 | Oakland, California, U.S. | [49] | |
Duane Thompson | 1903–1970 | Red Oak, Iowa, U.S. | [50] | |
Lola Todd | 1904–1995 | New York City, U.S. | [51] |
Actress | Lifespan | Birthplace | Image | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mary Astor | 1906–1987 | Quincy, Illinois, U.S. | [48] | |
Mary Brian | 1906–2002 | Corsicana, Texas, U.S. | [33] | |
Joyce Compton | 1907–1997 | Lexington, Kentucky, U.S. | [52] | |
Dolores Costello | 1903–1970 | Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S. | [53] | |
Joan Crawford | 1905?–1977 | San Antonio, Texas, U.S. | [33] | |
Marceline Day | 1908–2000 | Colorado Springs, Colorado, U.S. | [54] | |
Dolores del Río ‡ | 1904–1983 | Durango, Mexico | [22] | |
Janet Gaynor | 1906–1984 | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. | [33] | |
Sally Long | 1901–1987 | Kansas City, Missouri, U.S. | [33] | |
Edna Marion | 1906–1957 | Chicago, Illinois, U.S. | [55] | |
Sally O'Neil | 1908–1968 | Bayonne, New Jersey, U.S. | [56] | |
Vera Reynolds | 1899–1962 | Richmond, Virginia, U.S. | [57] | |
Fay Wray ‡ | 1907–2004 | Cardston, Alberta, Canada | [33] |
Actress | Lifespan | Birthplace | Image | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Patricia Avery | 1902–1973 | Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. | [58] | |
Rita Carewe | 1909–1955 | New York City, U.S. | [59] | |
Helene Costello | 1906–1957 | New York City, U.S. | [19] | |
Barbara Kent ‡ | 1907–2011 | Gadsby, Alberta, Canada | [22] | |
Natalie Kingston | 1905–1991 | Vallejo, California, U.S. | [60] | |
Frances Lee | 1906–2000 | Eagle Grove, Iowa, U.S. | [61] | |
Mary McAllister | 1909–1991 | Los Angeles, California, U.S. | [60] | |
Gladys McConnell | 1905–1979 | Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, U.S. | [13] | |
Sally Phipps | 1911–1978 | Oakland, California, U.S. | [62] | |
Sally Rand | 1904–1979 | Elkton, Missouri, U.S. | [60] | |
Martha Sleeper | 1910–1983 | Lake Bluff, Illinois, U.S. | [63] | |
Iris Stuart | 1903–1936 | New York City, U.S. | [64] | |
Adamae Vaughn | 1905–1943 | Ashland, Kentucky, U.S. | [65] |
Actress | Lifespan | Birthplace | Image | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Lina Basquette | 1907–1994 | San Mateo, California, U.S. | [66] | |
Flora Bramley ‡ | 1909–1993 | London, England, U.K. | [67] | |
Sue Carol | 1906–1982 | Chicago, Illinois, U.S. | [68] | |
Ann Christy | 1905–1987 | Logansport, Indiana, U.S. | [69] | |
June Collyer | 1906–1968 | New York City, U.S. | [70] | |
Alice Day | 1905–1995 | Colorado Springs, Colorado, U.S. | [60] | |
Sally Eilers | 1908–1978 | New York City, U.S. | [60] | |
Audrey Ferris | 1909–1990 | Detroit, Michigan, U.S. | [67] | |
Dorothy Gulliver | 1908–1997 | Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S. | [71] | |
Gwen Lee | 1904–1961 | Hastings, Nebraska, U.S. | [72] | |
Molly O'Day | 1909–1998 | Bayonne, New Jersey, U.S. | [60] | |
Ruth Taylor | 1905–1984 | Grand Rapids, Michigan, U.S. | [73] | |
Lupe Vélez ‡ | 1908–1944 | San Luis Potosí, Mexico | [19] | |
Actress | Lifespan | Birthplace | Image | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jean Arthur | 1900–1991 | Plattsburgh, New York, U.S. | [74] | |
Sally Blane | 1910–1997 | Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S. | [75] | |
Betty Boyd | 1908–1971 | Kansas City, Missouri, U.S. | [76] | |
Ethlyne Clair | 1904–1996 | Talladega, Alabama, U.S. | [48] | |
Doris Dawson | 1905–1986 | Goldfield, Nevada, U.S. | [77] | |
Josephine Dunn | 1906–1983 | New York City, U.S. | [78] | |
Helen Foster | 1906–1982 | Independence, Kansas, U.S. | [79] | |
Doris Hill | 1905–1976 | Roswell, New Mexico, U.S. | [80] | |
Caryl Lincoln | 1903–1983 | Oakland, California, U.S. | [81] | |
Anita Page | 1910–2008 | Queens, New York City, U.S. | [82] | |
Mona Rico ‡ | 1907–1994 | Mexico City, Mexico | [83] | |
Helen Twelvetrees | 1908–1958 | Brooklyn, New York City, U.S. | [84] | |
Loretta Young | 1913–2000 | Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S. | [60] | |
Actress | Lifespan | Birthplace | Image | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Joan Blondell | 1906–1979 | New York City, U.S. | [48] [85] | |
Constance Cummings | 1910–2005 | Seattle, Washington, U.S. | [67] [85] | |
Frances Dade | 1910–1968 | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. | [86] [85] | |
Frances Dee | 1909–2004 | Los Angeles, California, U.S. | [86] [85] | |
Sidney Fox | 1907–1942 | New York City, U.S. | [87] [85] | |
Rochelle Hudson | 1916–1972 | Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, U.S. | [88] [85] | |
Anita Louise | 1915–1970 | New York City, U.S. | [64] [85] | |
Joan Marsh | 1913–2000 | Porterville, California, U.S. | [67] [85] | |
Marian Marsh ‡ | 1913–2006 | Trinidad and Tobago | [67] [85] | |
Karen Morley | 1909–2003 | Ottumwa, Iowa, U.S. | [67] [85] | |
Marion Shilling | 1910–2004 | Denver, Colorado, U.S. | [89] [85] | |
Barbara Weeks | 1913–2003 | Somerville, Massachusetts, U.S. | [90] [85] | |
Judith Wood | 1906–2002 | New York City, U.S. | [91] [85] |
Actress | Lifespan | Birthplace | Image | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Lona Andre | 1915–1992 | Nashville, Tennessee, U.S. | [92] [93] | |
Lilian Bond ‡ | 1908–1991 | London, England, U.K. | [94] [93] | |
Mary Carlisle | 1914–2018 | Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. | [95] [93] | |
June Clyde | 1909–1987 | St. Joseph, Missouri, U.S. | [96] | |
Patricia Ellis | 1918–1970 | Birmingham, Michigan, U.S. | [97] [93] | |
Ruth Hall | 1910–2003 | Jacksonville, Florida, U.S. | [98] [93] | |
Eleanor Holm | 1912–2004 | Brooklyn, New York City, U.S. | [99] [93] | |
Evalyn Knapp | 1906–1981 | Kansas City, Missouri, U.S. | [22] [93] | |
Dorothy Layton | 1912–2009 | Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S. | [100] [93] | |
Boots Mallory | 1913–1958 | New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S. | [101] | |
Toshia Mori ‡ | 1912–1995 | Kyoto, Japan | [102] [93] | |
Ginger Rogers | 1911–1995 | Independence, Missouri, U.S. | [103] [93] | |
Marian Shockley | 1911–1981 | Kansas City, Missouri, U.S. | [104] [93] | |
Gloria Stuart | 1910–2010 | Santa Monica, California, U.S. | [48] [93] | |
Dorothy Wilson | 1909–1998 | Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S. | [104] [93] |
From hundreds of entrants, thirty-eight actresses paraded, and thirteen were chosen, by more than 100 Hollywood press agents at The Writers' Club, in Hollywood, California, to comprise the 1934 edition of the Wampas Baby stars. [105]
Actress | Lifespan | Birthplace | Image | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Judith Arlen | 1914–1968 | Hollywood, Los Angeles, U.S. | [106] [107] | |
Betty Bryson | 1911–1984 | Los Angeles, California, U.S. | [108] [107] | |
Jean Carmen | 1913–1993 | Portland, Oregon, U.S. | [109] [107] | |
Helen Cohan | 1910–1996 | New York City, U.S. | [110] [107] | |
Dorothy Drake | 1916–2005 | Santa Monica, California, U.S. | [111] [107] | |
Jean Gale | 1912–1974 | San Francisco, California, U.S. | [112] [107] | |
Hazel Hayes | 1910–1974 | La Crosse, Kansas, U.S. | [113] [107] | |
Ann Hovey | 1911–2007 | Mount Vernon, Indiana, U.S. | [114] [107] | |
Neoma Judge | 1908–1978 | Mitchell, South Dakota, U.S. | [106] [107] | |
Lucille Lund | 1913–2002 | Buckley, Washington, U.S. | [115] [107] | |
Lu Ann Meredith | 1913–1998 | Dallas, Texas, U.S. | [116] [107] | |
Gigi Parrish | 1912–2006 | Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S. | [117] [107] | |
Jacqueline Wells | 1914–2001 | Denver, Colorado, U.S. | [118] [107] | |
Katherine Williams | 1908–1982 | Seattle, Washington, U.S. | [119] |
Vina Fay Wray was a Canadian-American actress best known for starring as Ann Darrow in the 1933 film King Kong. Through an acting career that spanned nearly six decades, Wray attained international recognition as an actress in horror films. She has been dubbed one of the early "scream queens".
Clara Gordon Bow was an American actress who rose to stardom during the silent film era of the 1920s and successfully made the transition to "talkies" in 1929. Her appearance as a plucky shopgirl in the film It brought her global fame and the nickname "The It Girl". Bow came to personify the Roaring Twenties and is described as its leading sex symbol.
Rose Joan Blondell was an American actress who performed in film and television for 50 years.
Sidney Fox was an American stage and film actress in the late 1920s and 1930s. Fox's Hollywood film debut was in Universal Pictures' 1931 production Bad Sister, which is notable for also being the first film of actress Bette Davis.
Laura La Plante was an American film actress, whose more notable performances were in the silent era.
June Marlowe was an American film actress who began her career during the silent film era. She was best known for her role as "Miss Crabtree" in the Our Gang shorts.
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Jobyna Ralston was an American stage and film actress. She had a featured role in Wings in 1927, and is remembered for her on-screen chemistry with Harold Lloyd, with whom she appeared in seven films.
Olive Mary Borden was an American film and stage actress who began her career during the silent film era. She was nicknamed "the Joy Girl", after playing the lead in the 1927 film of that same title. Borden was known for her jet-black hair and stunning overall beauty.
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Mary Carlisle was an American actress, singer, and dancer, best known for her roles as a wholesome ingénue in numerous 1930s musical-comedy films.
Ena Jessie Gregory, also known as Marian Douglas, was an Australian-American actress who achieved fame in Hollywood in the 1920s.
Adamae Vaughn, also billed as Ada Mae Vaughn, was an American actress.
Iris Stuart was a motion picture actress of the silent film era. Selected as a WAMPAS Baby Star of 1927, she had a brief career between 1926 and 1927 before retiring from acting. She died of tuberculosis in 1936.
Gladys McConnell was an American film actress and aviator.
Frances Pemberton Dade was an American film and stage actress of the late 1920s and 1930s.
Betty Arlen was an American actress and dancer best known for her being selected as a WAMPAS Baby Star in 1925.
Judith Arlen was an American film actress of Canadian descent. She was the elder sister of actress Ann Rutherford.
Helen Foster was an American film actress.
Murder in the Library or Playthings of Desire is a 1933 American drama film directed by George Melford and starring Linda Watkins, James Kirkwood, Sr., and Reed Howes. It was made by the Poverty Row company Pinnacle Productions. It is a remake of the 1924 silent film Playthings of Desire.
Wampas Baby Stars of 1956 pose after their selection as winners of the annual contest in Hollywood. From left: Fay Spain, 21, Phoenix, Arizona; Barbara Huffman, 21, Tucson, Arizona; Violet Rensing, 24, Berlin, Germany; Dawn Richard, 18, Los Angeles, California; Donna Cook, 18, Los Angeles, California; Norma Nillson, 18, Los Angeles, California; Ina Poindexter, 23, Covington, Tenn.; Phyllis Applegate, 22, Los Angeles; Del-Fin Thursday, 20, Honolulu; Jolene Brand, 21, Baldwin park, California; Roxanne Arlen, 21, Detroit, Michigan; Lita Milan, 21, Detroit, Michigan; Jewell Lain, 24, Indianapolis, Indiana; Doreen Stevens, 21, Atlantic City, New Jersey, and Barbara Marks, 22, San Diego, California.
Left to right, front row, are Dawn Richard, 18, Los Angeles; Doreen Stevens, 21, Atlantic City, New Jersey; Barbara Marks, 22, San Diego; Second Row, Barbara Huffman, 21, Tucson; Jewell Lain, 24, Indianapolis; Fay Spain, 21, Phoenix; Jolene Brand, 21, Baldwin Park; Lita Milan, 21, New York; Third Row, Violet Rensing, 24, Berlin, Germany; Donna Cooke, 19, Los Angeles; Norma Nillson, 18, Los Angeles; Roxanne Arlen, 21, Detroit; Rear, Del-Fin Thursday, 20, Honolulu; Phyllis Applegate, 22, Los Angeles; and Ina Poindexter, 23, Covington, Tennessee.
Here are the thirteen lucky girls selected as the 1931 Wampas Baby Stars of Hollywood. Selection by the Wampas has many times led to stardom in the past. Left to right: Joan Blondell, First National; Constance Cummings, Columbia; Francis Dade, an independent player; Frances Dee, Paramount; Karen Morley, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; Marion Shilling, Pathe; Marian Marsh, Warner Brothers; Barbara Weeks, United Artists. Front row: Anita Louise, Universal; Joan Marsh, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; Sidney Fox, Universal; Rochelle Hudson, Radio; Judith Wood, Paramount.
This year the publicity men selected fifteen girls instead of the usual thirteen. These are the girls who, in the opinion of the agents are most likely to achieve stardom in the films. Left to right front row: Dorothy Wilson, Mary Carlisle, Lona Andre, Eleanor Holm and Dorothy Layton. Rear row left to right Toshia Mori, the first Oriental girl chosen as a Wampas star; Ruth Hall, Gloria Stuart, Patricia Ellis, Ginger Rogers, Lilian Bond, Evalyn Knapp and Marion Shockley.
Thirty-eight beautiful young motion picture actresses parade before more than 100 Hollywood press agents at the Writers Club. From this number, 13 will be chosen to comprise the 1934 edition of the Wampas Baby stars. Results of the ballotting will be announced later. The entrants were chosen from the ranks of hundreds of youthful actresses who aspire to a career in the films.
In this array of Wampas baby stars can be seen Judith Arlen; Betty Bryson; Katherine Williams; Gi Gi Parrish; Hazel Hayes; Jean Carmen; Jean Gale; Dorothy Drake; Lu Anne Meredith; Ann Hovey; Helen Cohan; Jacqueline Wells and Lucille Lund.