The Lelang Commandery was a commandery of the Han dynasty established after it had conquered Wiman Joseon in 108 BC and lasted until Goguryeo conquered it in 313. The Lelang Commandery extended the rule of the Four Commanderies of Han as far south as the Han River in present-day South Korea. South Korean scholars have described its administrative areas as being limited to the Pyongan and Hwanghae regions, whose southern bounds lie roughly 75 miles north of the Han River.
Wi Man or Wei Man was a Chinese military general and monarch. He was originally a military leader of the Chinese Kingdom of Yan. When king Lu Wan of Yan was defeated by the Han in 195 BCE, Wi Man fled to Gojoseon in north-western Korea and later usurped power from its king in 194 BCE, establishing Wiman Joseon. Recorded in the Records of the Grand Historian and the Book of Han, Wiman was the first ruler in the history of Korea to have been recorded in documents from the same time period.
Gojoseon, contemporary name Joseon, was the first kingdom on the Korean Peninsula. According to Korean mythology, the kingdom was established by the legendary king Dangun. Gojoseon possessed the most advanced culture in the Korean Peninsula at the time and was an important marker in the progression towards the more centralized states of later periods. The addition of Go, meaning "ancient", is used in historiography to distinguish the kingdom from the Joseon dynasty, founded in 1392 CE.
Gija Joseon was a dynasty of Gojoseon allegedly founded by the sage Jizi (Gija), a member of the Shang (Yin) dynasty royal house.
Jun was the last king of Gija Joseon. He was succeeded by Wiman, whose usurpation of the throne began the dynasty of Wiman Joseon of Gojoseon.
The three Gojoseon kingdoms are states thought to have existed according to Joseon Sangosa (1924–25). The concept gained a following among several fringe historians, although it is not completely accepted by mainstream scholars.
The Four Commanderies of Han were Chinese commanderies located in the north of the Korean Peninsula and part of the Liaodong Peninsula from around the end of the second century BC through the early 4th AD, for the longest lasting. The commanderies were set up to control the populace in the former Gojoseon area as far south as the Han River, with a core area at Lelang near present-day Pyongyang by Emperor Wu of the Han dynasty in early 2nd century BC after his conquest of Wiman Joseon. As such, these commanderies are seen as Chinese colonies by some scholars. Though disputed by North Korean scholars, Western sources generally describe the Lelang Commandery as existing within the Korean peninsula, and extend the rule of the four commanderies as far south as the Han River. However, South Korean scholars assumed its administrative areas to Pyongan and Hwanghae provinces.
The Han conquest of Gojoseon was a campaign launched by Emperor Wu of the Han dynasty against Wiman Joseon between 109 and 108 BCE. It resulted in the fall of Gojoseon and the establishment of the Four Commanderies of Han in the northern half of the Korean Peninsula.
Ugeo was the last king of Wiman Joseon, the last remnant of Gojoseon. He was a grandson of Wi Man.
The Yemaek or Yamaek are an ancient tribal group native to the northern Korean Peninsula and Manchuria and are commonly regarded as the ancestors of modern Koreans. The Yemaek have ancestral ties to multiple kingdoms in Northeast Asia including Gojoseon, Buyeo, Goguryeo, and multiple tribes including Okjeo, Dongye, Yangmaek and the Sosumaek.
The history of Sino-Korean relations dates back to prehistoric times.
Wi Janghang was a prince of Ugeo. At that time, Emperor Wu of Han sent warrior to surrender Wiman Joseon and his father, Ugeo, was killed by an assassin. Even after the king's death, some ministers resisted against the Han dynasty. The Han dynasty made Wi Janghang who already surrendered to kill those ministers and subdued Wiman Joseon.
No In was one of the four members who operated the government of Wiman Joseon. His position was a chancellor and he was in charge of politics of Wiman Joseon. Since No In had a family name, it is believed that he was an exile from China or person related to China. Just like his master Ugeo who was the last king of Wiman Joseon. In BC 109 to 108, when Han dynasty attacked Wiman Joseon, he was surrendered instantly together with those exiles from China, Han Eum and Wang Gyeop while leaving the King of Wiman Joseon Ugeo. He died on the way to surrender. Even after Uego's death, some ministers of Wiman Joseon resisted to Han dynasty. Han dynasty sent Wi Jang and No Choe then killed those ministers. Choe was a son of No In.
Han Eum also known as Han Do was one of the four members who operated the government of Wiman Joseon. His position was a chancellor. Since Han Eum had a family name, Han, it is believed that he was an exile from China or person related to China. Just like his master Ugeo who was the last king of Wiman Joseon. In BC 109 to 108, when Han dynasty attacked Wiman Joseon, he was surrendered instantly together with those exiles from China, No In and Wang Gyeop, while leaving the King of Wiman Joseon Ugeo. After his surrender, Han dynasty nominated him as a peerage of Jeok ja (적자; 荻苴. He died after 19 years without a successor.
Sam was one of the four members who operated the government of Wiman Joseon. He was a chancellor of Nigye and it was where he based himself for. He was the only one who did not have family name in those 4 members. In BC 109 to 108, when Han dynasty attacked Wiman Joseon, those three exiles from China, No In, Han Eum and Wang Gyeop surrendered instantly while leaving the King of Wiman Joseon Ugeo and Sam was only one who resisted against Han dynasty among those members. However, in BC 108, Sam sent an assassin to Ugeo, killed him and surrendered to Han dynasty. After his surrender, he was nominated as a peerage of Hwae Cheong by Han dynasty. 11 years later, he was arrested on suspicion of hiding the fugitive from Wiman Joseon and died of illness while he was in prison.
The Canghai Commandery was an administrative division of the Chinese Han dynasty established by the Emperor Wu in 128 BC.
Lintun Commandery was a commandery established in the Korean peninsula by the Chinese Han dynasty. Lintun Commandery was one of the Four Commanderies of Han along with Lelang Commandery, Xuantu Commandery and Zhenfan Commandery.
The Zhenfan Commandery was one of the Four Commanderies of the Chinese Han dynasty located on the Korean Peninsula. It existed between 108 BC and 82 BC.
Wèi is a Chinese surname. It means ‘defend, guard’ and is written Wai in Cantonese. The character 衞 is traditionally preferred although 衛 is now more prevalent, with 卫 being the simplified form in Mainland China. In 2013 it was found to be the 214th most common surname, shared by 480,000 people or 0.036% of the population, with the province with the most being Shanxi.
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