Xenon dioxide

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Xenon dioxide
Xenon-dioxide-2D.png
Names
IUPAC name
xenon dioxide
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
  • InChI=1S/O2Xe/c1-3-2
    Key: BMYPQOLESFVQPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • O=[Xe]=O
Properties
XeO2
Molar mass 163.29 g/mol
Appearanceyellow solid [1]
Structure
Bent
Related compounds
Related compounds
Xenon trioxide
Xenon tetroxide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Xenon dioxide, or xenon(IV) oxide, is a compound of xenon and oxygen with formula XeO2 which was synthesized in 2011. It is synthesized at 0 °C by hydrolysis of xenon tetrafluoride in aqueous sulfuric acid: [2]

Contents

XeF4 + 2H2O → XeO2 + 4HF

Structure

XeO2 has an extended (chain or network) structure in which xenon and oxygen have coordination numbers of four and two respectively. The geometry at xenon is square planar, consistent with VSEPR theory for four ligands and two lone pairs (or AX4E2 in the notation of VSEPR theory).

In addition, the existence of an XeO2 molecule was predicted by an ab initio quantum chemistry method several years earlier by Pyykkö and Tamm, but these authors did not consider an extended structure. [3]

Properties

XeO2 is a yellow-orange solid. [4] It is an unstable compound, with a half-life of about two minutes, disproportionating into XeO3 and xenon gas. Its structure and identity was confirmed by cooling it to −150  °C so that Raman spectroscopy could be performed before it decomposed. [2] [1]

At -78 °C, the majority of XeO2 decomposed over a period of 72 hours, which was identified by the fading of the original yellow product to a pale yellow. Almost all yellow color indicating pure XeO2 disappeared over the span of 1 week. [2]

3 XeO2 → Xe + 2 XeO3

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oxide</span> Chemical compound where oxygen atoms are combined with atoms of other elements

An oxide is a chemical compound containing at least one oxygen atom and one other element in its chemical formula. "Oxide" itself is the dianion of oxygen, an O2– ion with oxygen in the oxidation state of −2. Most of the Earth's crust consists of oxides. Even materials considered pure elements often develop an oxide coating. For example, aluminium foil develops a thin skin of Al2O3 that protects the foil from further oxidation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Xenon</span> Chemical element with atomic number 54 (Xe)

Xenon is a chemical element; it has symbol Xe and atomic number 54. It is a dense, colorless, odorless noble gas found in Earth's atmosphere in trace amounts. Although generally unreactive, it can undergo a few chemical reactions such as the formation of xenon hexafluoroplatinate, the first noble gas compound to be synthesized.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nitrogen dioxide</span> Chemical compound with formula NO₂

Nitrogen dioxide is a chemical compound with the formula NO2. One of several nitrogen oxides, nitrogen dioxide is a reddish-brown gas. It is a paramagnetic, bent molecule with C2v point group symmetry. Industrially, NO2 is an intermediate in the synthesis of nitric acid, millions of tons of which are produced each year, primarily for the production of fertilizers.

In chemistry, noble gas compounds are chemical compounds that include an element from the noble gases, group 18 of the periodic table. Although the noble gases are generally unreactive elements, many such compounds have been observed, particularly involving the element xenon.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dinitrogen pentoxide</span> Chemical compound

Dinitrogen pentoxide is the chemical compound with the formula N2O5. It is one of the binary nitrogen oxides, a family of compounds that contain only nitrogen and oxygen. It exists as colourless crystals that sublime slightly above room temperature, yielding a colorless gas.

In chemistry, perxenates are salts of the yellow xenon-containing anion XeO4−
6
. This anion has octahedral molecular geometry, as determined by Raman spectroscopy, having O–Xe–O bond angles varying between 87° and 93°. The Xe–O bond length was determined by X-ray crystallography to be 1.875 Å.

Xenon tetroxide is a chemical compound of xenon and oxygen with molecular formula XeO4, remarkable for being a relatively stable compound of a noble gas. It is a yellow crystalline solid that is stable below −35.9 °C; above that temperature it is very prone to exploding and decomposing into elemental xenon and oxygen (O2).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">VSEPR theory</span> Model for predicting molecular geometry

Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory is a model used in chemistry to predict the geometry of individual molecules from the number of electron pairs surrounding their central atoms. It is also named the Gillespie-Nyholm theory after its two main developers, Ronald Gillespie and Ronald Nyholm.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oxygen difluoride</span> Chemical compound

Oxygen difluoride is a chemical compound with the formula OF2. As predicted by VSEPR theory, the molecule adopts a bent molecular geometry. It is a strong oxidizer and has attracted attention in rocketry for this reason. With a boiling point of −144.75 °C, OF2 is the most volatile (isolable) triatomic compound. The compound is one of many known oxygen fluorides.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oxygen fluoride</span> Any binary compound of oxygen and fluorine

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Xenon tetrafluoride</span> Chemical compound

Xenon tetrafluoride is a chemical compound with chemical formula XeF
4
. It was the first discovered binary compound of a noble gas. It is produced by the chemical reaction of xenon with fluorine:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Xenon hexafluoride</span> Chemical compound

Xenon hexafluoride is a noble gas compound with the formula XeF6. It is one of the three binary fluorides of xenon that have been studied experimentally, the other two being XeF2 and XeF4. All known are exergonic and stable at normal temperatures. XeF6 is the strongest fluorinating agent of the series. It is a colorless solid that readily sublimes into intensely yellow vapors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Xenon trioxide</span> Chemical compound

Xenon trioxide is an unstable compound of xenon in its +6 oxidation state. It is a very powerful oxidizing agent, and liberates oxygen from water slowly, accelerated by exposure to sunlight. It is dangerously explosive upon contact with organic materials. When it detonates, it releases xenon and oxygen gas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Xenon difluoride</span> Chemical compound

Xenon difluoride is a powerful fluorinating agent with the chemical formula XeF
2
, and one of the most stable xenon compounds. Like most covalent inorganic fluorides it is moisture-sensitive. It decomposes on contact with water vapor, but is otherwise stable in storage. Xenon difluoride is a dense, colourless crystalline solid.

Xenon compounds are compounds containing the element xenon (Xe). After Neil Bartlett's discovery in 1962 that xenon can form chemical compounds, a large number of xenon compounds have been discovered and described. Almost all known xenon compounds contain the electronegative atoms fluorine or oxygen. The chemistry of xenon in each oxidation state is analogous to that of the neighboring element iodine in the immediately lower oxidation state.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dioxygenyl</span> Chemical compound

The dioxygenyl ion, O+
2
, is a rarely-encountered oxycation in which both oxygen atoms have a formal oxidation state of +1/2. It is formally derived from oxygen by the removal of an electron:

In chemistry, molecular oxohalides (oxyhalides) are a group of chemical compounds in which both oxygen and halogen atoms are attached to another chemical element A in a single molecule. They have the general formula AOmXn, where X is a halogen. Known oxohalides have fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), and/or iodine (I) in their molecules. The element A may be a main group element, a transition element, a rare earth element or an actinide. The term oxohalide, or oxyhalide, may also refer to minerals and other crystalline substances with the same overall chemical formula, but having an ionic structure.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Radon compounds</span>

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References

  1. 1 2 Tyler Irving (May 2011). "Xenon Dioxide May Solve One of Earth's Mysteries". L’Actualité chimique canadienne (Canadian Chemical News). Archived from the original on 2013-02-09. Retrieved 2012-05-18.
  2. 1 2 3 Brock, David S.; Schrobilgen, Gary J. (2011). "Synthesis of the Missing Oxide of Xenon, XeO2, and Its Implications for Earth's Missing Xenon". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 133 (16): 6265–6269. doi:10.1021/ja110618g. PMID   21341650.
  3. Pyykkö, Pekka; Tamm, Toomas (1 April 2000). "Calculations for XeOn(n = 2−4): Could the Xenon Dioxide Molecule Exist?". The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 104 (16): 3826–3828. doi:10.1021/jp994038d.
  4. Cotton, Simon (1 May 2011). "Xenon dioxide". Soundbite. Education in Chemistry . Vol. 48, no. 3. Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 69. Retrieved 2012-05-18.