| Spanish dagger | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Blooming, in Chihuahuan Desert habitat. | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Asparagaceae |
| Subfamily: | Agavoideae |
| Genus: | Yucca |
| Species: | Y. faxoniana |
| Binomial name | |
| Yucca faxoniana | |
| Synonyms [3] | |
| |
Yucca faxoniana is a bladed evergreen shrub of the genus Yucca . It is known by the common names Faxon yucca, [4] Spanish dagger, [4] and giant dagger. [5]
The plant generally is a multitrunked shrub 3–10 feet (0.91–3.05 m) in height. They can be single-trunked and tree-like to 20 feet (6.1 m) tall. The bladed leaves range from 2 to 4.5 feet (0.6 to 1.4 m) in length. The flowers, ivory to creamy white and bell-shaped, are on a flower head up to 2 feet (0.6 m) long. [6]
Flowers, pollinated by moths of the genus Tegeticula , bloom typically in April. [5] The plant produces sweet, pulpy, oblong fruits. [5]
The species has been called Yucca torreyi – a name given in 1908 by John Shafer. [2] The epithet commemorates John Torrey, a 19th-century American botanist who designated this as a new variety in 1859. [6] Y. torreyi is now regarded as an illegitimate name; however, sources differ as to the correct name, using either Yucca treculeanaCarrière [7] or Y. faxoniana. [2]
Yucca faxoniana is native to the Chihuahuan Desert region of northern Mexico, southern New Mexico, and southwestern Texas. Its range is centered around Big Bend National Park in the central Rio Grande valley in the Chihuahuan Desert. It is found mainly in the Mexican states of Chihuahua and Coahuila, also in minor locales of Durango and Nuevo León. It does not occur in the upper Rio Grande Basin section in central New Mexico, nor the lower third of the Rio Grande Valley towards the Gulf of Mexico. [4] [8]
Native Americans used the fruit as a food source—raw, roasted, dried, and ground into meals. [9] They also used the plant leaves as a fiber in basketry, cloth, mats, ropes, and sandals. [9] [6] The roots were used as a red pattern element in Apache baskets. [10]
